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SAHTECİLİK, KORSANLIK VE EKONOMİK SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK: ÇATIŞAN MODELLER

Year 2013, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 0 - 0, 01.07.2013

Abstract

Aklınızda gelişen şeyin sahibi kimdir? Sahtecilik ve korsanlık araştırma için yeni bir alan olsa da uzun bir geçmişe
sahiptir.”Sürdürülebilir” genellikle “dayanılabilir” anlamına gelse de bir kavram olarak sürdürülebilirliği yorumlayabilmek
adına en az 255 yol vardır. Buradaki soru birbirlerinden farklı gibi görünen bu 2 modelin bir araya getirilip
getirilemeyeceğidir. Diğer taraftan, özgürlük ve yeniden dağıtım gibi sahtecilik ve korsanlık birbirine bağlı kavramlar haline
gelmişken sürdürülebilirlik nasıl zengin bir gelecek yaşanacağı sorusunu sorar. Bu kavramlar oranlanabilir mi? Sürdürülebilir
ekonomi alanında genellikle sermayenin 3 tip yönetimi (ekonomik, sosyal ve doğa) ve bunların tüketiminin baskı altında
olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Peki bu kavramın yasadışı üretilen malların tüketimi ve “soyut varlıkların” siber evrende akışıyla
nasıl bir ilgisi vardır?
Sahte mal üreticileri genellikle bir çeşit “stratejik planlama” yürüten ve iyi tanımlanmış stratejileri olabilen
karmaşık örgütlerdir. Staake, Thiess ve Fleisch (2009) söz konusu arz yönlü faaliyetlerin mekanizmalarını anlamak adına az
araştırma olduğunu ileri sürmüşlerdir. Günümüzdeki endişe bu tip faaliyetlerin ekonomik yapı içerisine kurumsallaşarak
girmesidir. Bulgular göstermektedir ki; kayıtdışı ekonominin piyasa ekonomisi üzerindeki etkisi anlamlıdır ve problem
düşünüldüğünden daha ciddi boyuttadır. Rakamlar farklılık arz etse de sahtecilik 10 yıl önceki dünya ticaretinin %5-7’si
olarak tahmin edilmiştir. (OECD, 98) Küçük şeyler gerçekten bilinen sorunun gerçek boyutuyla ya da ilgili oyuncuların
stratejik duruşuyla ilgilidir. Dolayısıyla sorulacak olan yeni soru şudur; ekonomik korsanların küresel pazarda stratejik roleri
nelerdir ve bunun ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik ile nasıl bir ilişkisi vardır? Bu soru yeni incelemeleri de beraberinde
getirmektedir. Peki bu gölge faaliyetleri olanlar aslında inovasyonun girişimci sürücüleri ve ekonomik kriz dönemlerindeki
pozitif güçler midir? Eğer öyleyse sürdürülebilirlik modelleri önerildiği gibi düzenlenmelidir.

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  • Christensen, Anne L. and Eining M. M. (1991). Factors influencing software piracy: Implications for accountants. Journal of Information Systems, 5, (1): 67-80.
  • Counterfeiters to Cost Europe ‘L200bn’, (2010, June 25), The Independent. d'Astous, A., Colbert, F., & and Montpetit D. (2005).Music piracy on the web How effective Are antipiracy arguments? Evidence from the theory of planned behavior, Journal of Consumer Policy, 28, 289-310.
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  • Franses, P.H.,& Lede,M.(2010). Diffusion of original and counterfeit products in a developing country. (Econometric Institute Report 2010-08).Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Erasmus School of Economics.
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COUNTERFEITING, PIRACY AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY: MODELS IN CONFLICT?

Year 2013, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 0 - 0, 01.07.2013

Abstract

Who owns what develops in your mind? Counterfeiting and piracy have a lengthy history, yet are a youthful field when it comes to research.While generally accepted that 'sustainable' means 'to endure', sustainability as a concept is still open to interpretation (Holling, 2000) with at least 255 ways to visualize this concept. (Mann 2011) The question then becomes can you piece together two models which appear to be at odds with one another? On one hand, sustainability asks the question of how to leave a rich(er) future while piracy and counterfeiting are wrapped in terms such as freedom and redistribution.Are these concepts at odds? In the area of sustainable economics, it is generally accepted that there must be a management of three types of capital (economic, social, and natural) and that their consumption may be seen to be under stress (Dyllick and Hockerts, 2002). But how does this concept relate to the consumption of illegally produced goods and those 'intangibles' which flow through a cyberspace universe? Producers of counterfeit goods often are complex organizations who carry out some form of ‘strategic planning’ and who may have well-defined strategies. Staake, Thiesse, and Fleisch (2009) note that little research exists for understanding the mechanisms of such supply side activities. Of concern today is that such activities appear to becoming institutionalized into our economic fabric. Evidence indicates that the informal economy is both significant in its marketplace impact and that the problem is likely more severe than first imagined. While figures vary, counterfeiting alone was estimated to represent 5-7% of world trade over a decade ago (OECD, 1998). Little is really known relating either to the true size of the problem or to the strategic posture of the actors involved. Therefore, a new question exists which requires examination, namely what are the strategic roles of economic pirates in a global marketplace and how does this relate to economic sustainability? Are those who operate in the shadows actually entrepreneurial drivers of innovation and a positive force in times of economic downturn? If so, should they be regulated as models of sustainability generally suggest

References

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  • Bacache, M., Bourreau, M., and Moreau, F. (2012).Piracy and Creation: The Case of the Music Industry (February 7, 2012).Available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2000636.
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  • Christensen, Anne L. and Eining M. M. (1991). Factors influencing software piracy: Implications for accountants. Journal of Information Systems, 5, (1): 67-80.
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  • Dryden, J. (2007).Counting the cost: the economic impacts of counterfeiting and piracy.Paper presented to the Third Global Congress on Combating Counterfeiting and Piracy, Geneva, January.
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  • Franses, P.H.,& Lede,M.(2010). Diffusion of original and counterfeit products in a developing country. (Econometric Institute Report 2010-08).Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Erasmus School of Economics.
  • Frontier Economics.(2011).The economic and social impacts of counterfeiting and piracy in Turkey.London:Frontier Economics.
  • Gentry, J.W., Putrevu, S., and Shultz, II, C. J. (2006). The effects of counterfeiting on consumer search. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 5, (September): 1-12.
  • Glass, R. S., and Wood, W. A. (1996). Situational determinants of software piracy: An equity theory perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 15, 1189-98.
  • Guiterez, C., Verheugen, G., Mandelson, P., & Schwab, S. (2006, June). Countering counterfeiting. The Wall Street Journal, Eastern Edition, p.A20.
  • Guillén,M. F.(2003), Experience, imitation, and the sequence of foreign entry: Wholly owned and jointventure manufacturing by South Korean firms and business groups in China, 1987-1995 .Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 34(2), 185-198.
  • Havocscope. (2010;2013).Black Market Rankings. Online database. Honolulu, HI. Retrieved from http://www.havocscope.com/
  • Heller,M.,& and Eisenberg,R.S.(1998). Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research. Science, 280, (1), 698-701.:
  • Hennart, J-F., (2009).Down with MNE-centric theories! Market entry and expansion as the bundling of MNE and local assets. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(9), 1432-1454.
  • Holling, C. S. (2000). "Theories for Sustainable Futures" Conservation Ecology 4(2): 7.
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  • International Intellectual Property Alliance. (February 8, 2013) 2013 Special 301 Report:Turkey. Washington:IIPA.
  • Internet Society.(2013). Issues Paper on Intellectual Property on the Internet.Geneva:Internet Society.
  • Johanson, J. & Wiedersheim, P., (1975). The internationalization of the firm: Four Swedish cases. Journal of Management Studies, 12 (3), 305-322.
  • Konstantakis N. I., Palaigeorgiou G. E., Siozos P. D., & Tsoukalas I.A. (2010).What do computer science students think about software piracy. Behaviour & Information Technology, 1362-3001, 29, (3), 277 – 285.
  • Kuo, F-Y. & Hsu, M-H. (2001). Development and validation of ethical computer Self-efficacy measure: The case of softlifting. Journal of Business Ethics, 32 (4): 299-315.
  • Leeson, P.T., & Rogers, D.B. Organizing crime. (Working paper series, George Mason University, 2009), 1-41.
  • Leibold, M., Probst, G.J.B., and Gibbert, M. (2002). Strategic management in the knowledge economy; new approaches and business. Erlangen: Publicis.
  • Levitt, S. and Venkatesh, S.A. (2000). An Economic analysis of a drug-selling gang’s finances. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. XX, 755-789.
  • Loayza, N. V. (1997).The Economics of the informal sector: A simple model and some empirical evidence from Latin America. World Bank Policy Research Department, Working Paper 1727.
  • Luo, Y. (2001).Determinants of entry in an emerging economy: A multilevel approach," Journal of Management Studies, 38(3), 443-72.
  • Madhok, A. (1998). The nature of multinational firm boundaries: Transaction costs, firm capabilities, and foreign market entry mode. International Business Review, 7,259-290.
  • Mann.S. (2011), There are at least 255 ways to visualize sustainability. “Sustainable Lens: A visual guide" (December 2011):
  • Mason, M. (2008). The Pirate’s Dilemma: How Youth Culture Is Reinventing Capitalism. New York: Free Press.
  • Montoro-Pons, J.D., & Cuadrado-Garcia, M. (2006). Digital goods and the effects of copying: An empirical study of the music market. Paper presented at the 14th International Conference on Cultural Economics, Vienna, Austria, and July 6–9, 2006.
  • Moulton, W.N., Thomas, H., & Pruett (1996).Business failure pathways: Environmental stress and organizational response. Journal of Management, 22, 4, 571-595.
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There are 95 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA39SP98VE
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Michael Pıtts This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 2 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Pıtts, M. (2013). SAHTECİLİK, KORSANLIK VE EKONOMİK SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK: ÇATIŞAN MODELLER. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(4).