Research Article
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Filistin Devleti’nin Devletlik Statüsüne Dair Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: EUREFE ’19, 403 - 413, 30.12.2019

Abstract

Uluslararası ilişkilerin
en temel birimlerinden biri olan devlet, en eski tarihlerden günümüze dek
üzerine tartışılan bir konu olmuş, ancak devletin ne olduğu üzerine dahi ortak
bir tanım geliştirilememiştir. Dolayısıyla devlet olmanın kaideleri noktasında
da bir uzlaşma sağlanamamıştır. Yine de devlet olma durumuyla ilgili önem
teşkil eden birtakım kriterler, uluslararası hukuk bağlamında oluşmuştur. Bu
çalışma, Filistin’in uluslararası hukuk kapsamında devlet olma durumunu
sorgulamaktadır. Bu bağlamda özellikle Montevideo Sözleşmesi kriterleri
ekseninde duruma yaklaşılmış, ardından etkin egemenlik ve bağımsızlık
parametreleri açısından Filistin’in devlet olma durumu açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Son olarak uluslararası örgütler ve tanıma işleminin etkisi kapsamında,
Filistin’in dış egemenliği irdelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Filistin’in
uluslararası hukukta bir devlet olduğu yargısına varılmış ancak Oslo süreci
anlaşmalarıyla iç egemenlik ekseninde önemli eksiklerinin olduğu tespiti
yapılmıştır.
  

Thanks

Doç. Dr. Murat Necip Arman hocama gösterdiği ilgi, sabır ve destek için minnettarım. Ayrıca Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Güvenlik Çalışmaları bölümünde bulunan tüm hocalarıma, verdikleri emek için teşekkürlerimi sunarım.

References

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  • Audi, R. (1996). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Cambridge Unıversity Press, 33, 3033-3059.
  • Batır, K., & Aras, İ. (2011). Self-Determinasyon Hakkı ve Filistin Devleti Bağlamında Filistin Sorunu. NEÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 1, 1, 146-164.
  • BBC, (2015). Palestinian Flag Raised at UN in New York. (Accessed on 27.03.2019), https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-34406035/palestinian-flag-raised-at-un-in-new-york
  • Becker, T. (Tarihsiz). International Recognition of a Unilaterally Declared Palestinian State: Legal and Policy Dilemmas. (Accessed on 28.03.2019), http://www.jcpa.org/art/becker1.htm
  • Bölme, S. M., & Ulutaş U. (2011). Birleşmiş Milletler’de Filistin Oylaması: Devlete Doğrumu?. Seta Analiz, 44: 1-24.
  • Boyle, F. A. (1999). Forum: The Algiers Declaration on Palestine The Creation of the State of Palestine. European Journal of International Law, 22(4), 301-306.
  • Clapham, C. (1998). Degrees of Statehood Degrees of Statehood. Review Literature and Arts of The Americas. 24(2), 143-157.
  • Coggins, B. L. (2006). Secession, Recognition and the International Politics of Statehood. PhD Thesis, Ohio: Ohio State Üniversitesi.
  • Cohen, T. (2019). To Be, Or Not To Be A State: That İs The Syrian Question. (Accessed on 29.03.2019), https://lawspring.org/to-be-or-not-to-be-a-state-french-military-intervention-against-isis-in-syria-426c9cc5d441
  • Crawford, J. (2017). The Creation of the State of Palestine: Too Much Too Soon?. European Journal of International Law, 1(1), 307-313.
  • Dünya Bülteni (2007). Hamasistan-Fetihistan?. (Accessed on 28.03.2019), https://www.dunyabulteni.net/arsiv/hamasistan-fetihistan-h16694.html
  • DW (2017). Filistin Interpol'e üye oldu. (Erişim: 05.04.2019), https://www.dw.com/tr/filistin-interpole-%C3%BCye-oldu/a-40716192
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  • ECFR (Tarihsiz). Mapping Palestinian Politics (Accessed on 22.03.2019), https://www.ecfr.eu/mapping_palestinian_politics/detail/palestine_legislative_council
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  • Embassy-Worldwide (2019). List of Diplomatic Missions in Palestine & Palestinian Diplomatic Missions Abroad. (Accessed on 02.04.2019), https://www.embassy-worldwide.com/country/palestine/
  • Eroğlu, H. (1979). Devletler Umumi Hukuku El Kitabı. Ankara: Ankara İktisadi ve Ticari İlimler Akademesi Yayını.
  • Euronews (2018). Filistin’e BM’de 2019 yılında tam üye gibi hareket etme hakkı tanındı. (Erişim: 27.03.2019), https://tr.euronews.com/2018/10/17/filistin-e-bm-de-2019-yilinda-tam-uye-gibi-hareket-etme-hakki-tanindi
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  • Euronews (2019b). Filistin: İsrail'in kesinti yapacağı vergi ödeneklerini kabul etmeyeceğiz. (Accessed on 23.05.2019), https://tr.euronews.com/2019/02/20/filistin-israil-in-kesinti-yapacagi-vergi-odeneklerini-kabul-etmeyecegiz
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  • IMEMC (2019). Palestinian Succumbs to Wounds Incurred during Land Day Protests. (Accessed on 04. 04.2019), https://imemc.org/article/palestinian-succumbs-to-wounds-incurred-during-land-day-protests/
  • Khalidi, R. (2007). The Iron Cage: The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood. Britanya: Oneworld.
  • Kışlalı, A. T. (1997). Siyaset Bilimi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • MFA (1947). UN Partition Plan- Resolution 181. (Accessed on 05.04.2019), https://mfa.gov.il/mfa/aboutisrael/maps/pages/1947%20un%20partition%20plan.aspx
  • MFA (1994). Agreement on Gaza Strip and Jericho. (Accessed on 29.03 2019), Areahttps://mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/agreement%20on%20gaza%20strip%20and%20jericho%20area.aspx
  • Mideastweb (1964). The Palestinian National Charter. (Accessed on 24.03.2019), http://www.mideastweb.org/plocha.htm
  • Mideastweb (1968). The Palestinian National Charter. (Accessed on 24.03.2019), http://www.mideastweb.org/plocha.htm
  • Nevo, Z., & Megiddo, T. (2009). Lessons from Kosovo: The Law of Statehood and Palestinian Unilateral Independence. Journal of International Law and International Relations, 5(2), 189-115.
  • Oppenheim, L.F. (1996). Oppenheim’s International Law. Sir Robert Jennings & Sir Arthur Watts (Ed.), 9nd Edition. Harlow: Longman.
  • Özkoç, Ö. (2000). Savaş ve Barış: Doksanlı Yıllarda Filistin-İsrail Sorunu. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 64(3), 167-195.
  • Panganiban, S. K. (2015). Palestinian Statehood: A Study of Statehood through the Lens of the Montevideo Convention. Doktora Tezi. Virginia: Polytechnic Institute and State University.
  • Pappe, I. (2007). Modern Filistin Tarihi. Pulimer (Çev.). Ankara: Phoenix.
  • Pazarcı, H. (2018). Uluslarararası Hukuk. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Pitta M. (2018). Statehood and Recognition: The Case of Palestine. Universitat de Barcelona İnternational Affairs, 2(4), 1-45.
  • PNC (2019). Council Establishment. (Accessed on 29.03.2019), https://www.palestinepnc.org/en/council-establishment
  • Quigley, J. (2010). The Statehood of Palestine: International Law in the Middle East Conflict. London: Cambridge University Press.
  • Quigley, J. (2011). Palestine Is a State: A Horse with Black and White Stripes Is a Zebra. Michigan Journal of International Law, 32(4), 749-764.
  • Quigley, J. (2012). The Palestine Declaration to the International Criminal Court: The Statehood Issue. In: Chantal Meloni & Gianni Tognoni (Ed.)., Is There a Court for Gaza?: A Test Bench for International Justice (s.431-439). Hague: Springer & T.M.C Asser Press.
  • Shlaim, A. (2016). The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Peace Process. In: Louise Fawcett (Ed.), International Relations of the Middle East (s. 285-304), Britanya: Oxford Univercity Press.
  • Simpson, A. (2008). Nations and States. In: Frank Imber & C. Trevor Salmon (Ed.) Issues in International Relations, (s.46-60). New York: Routledge.
  • Sputnik News (2018). Filistin'den ABD'nin baskılarına rağmen UCM'ye Yeni Başvuru. (Erişim: 04.04.2019), https://tr.sputniknews.com/ortadogu/201809111035145234-filistin-abd-ucm/
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  • UNSC (1974b) 3237 (XXIX) Qbserver Status for the Palestine Liberation Organization. (Accessed on 04.07.2019), http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/IP%20A%20RES%203236.pdf
  • Vidmar, J. (2013). Palestine and the Conceptual Problem of Implicit Statehood, Chinese Journal of International Law, 12(1), 19-41.
  • WB (2007). International Bank for Reconstruction And Development International Development Association International Finance Corporation Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. (Accessed on 02.04.2019), http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/339871512568083583/pdf/AS-1113-West-Bank-Gaza-Final-to-SECPO-11142017.pdf
  • WB (2017). Government Effectiveness. (Accessed on 02.04.2019), https://govdata360.worldbank.org/indicators/h580f9aa5?country=PSE&indicator=388&viz=line_chart&years=1996,2017
  • WHP (2013). The White House Press, Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa. (Accessed on 29.03.2019), https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/photos-and-video/video/2013/09/24/president-obamas-bilateral-meeting-president-abbas-palestinian-aut
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An Evaluation on The Statehood Status of Palestine State

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: EUREFE ’19, 403 - 413, 30.12.2019

Abstract

The
state, which is one of the primary units of international relations, has been
an issue that has been discussed from the oldest dates to the present. But even
a common definition of what the state is has not been developed. Therefore, no
consensus could be reached on the basis of statehood. Nevertheless, a number of
important criteria for statehood have been established in the context of
international law. This study examines the statehood of Palestine under the
international law. In this context, especially within scope of the Montevideo
Convention criteria, the state of Palestine is tried to be explained in terms
of effective sovereignty and independence parameters. Finally, under the
influence of international organizations and recognition process, the foreign
domination of Palestine has been examined. As a result, it is understood that
Palestine is a state in international law, but there are significant
deficiencies in the internal sovereignty axis through Oslo process agreements.

References

  • Akande, D. (2012). Palestine as a UN Observer State: Does This Make Palestine a State?. (Accessed on 30.03.2019), https://www.ejiltalk.org/palestine-as-a-un-observer-state-does-this-make-palestine-a-state/
  • Audi, R. (1996). The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Cambridge Unıversity Press, 33, 3033-3059.
  • Batır, K., & Aras, İ. (2011). Self-Determinasyon Hakkı ve Filistin Devleti Bağlamında Filistin Sorunu. NEÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 1, 1, 146-164.
  • BBC, (2015). Palestinian Flag Raised at UN in New York. (Accessed on 27.03.2019), https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-middle-east-34406035/palestinian-flag-raised-at-un-in-new-york
  • Becker, T. (Tarihsiz). International Recognition of a Unilaterally Declared Palestinian State: Legal and Policy Dilemmas. (Accessed on 28.03.2019), http://www.jcpa.org/art/becker1.htm
  • Bölme, S. M., & Ulutaş U. (2011). Birleşmiş Milletler’de Filistin Oylaması: Devlete Doğrumu?. Seta Analiz, 44: 1-24.
  • Boyle, F. A. (1999). Forum: The Algiers Declaration on Palestine The Creation of the State of Palestine. European Journal of International Law, 22(4), 301-306.
  • Clapham, C. (1998). Degrees of Statehood Degrees of Statehood. Review Literature and Arts of The Americas. 24(2), 143-157.
  • Coggins, B. L. (2006). Secession, Recognition and the International Politics of Statehood. PhD Thesis, Ohio: Ohio State Üniversitesi.
  • Cohen, T. (2019). To Be, Or Not To Be A State: That İs The Syrian Question. (Accessed on 29.03.2019), https://lawspring.org/to-be-or-not-to-be-a-state-french-military-intervention-against-isis-in-syria-426c9cc5d441
  • Crawford, J. (2017). The Creation of the State of Palestine: Too Much Too Soon?. European Journal of International Law, 1(1), 307-313.
  • Dünya Bülteni (2007). Hamasistan-Fetihistan?. (Accessed on 28.03.2019), https://www.dunyabulteni.net/arsiv/hamasistan-fetihistan-h16694.html
  • DW (2017). Filistin Interpol'e üye oldu. (Erişim: 05.04.2019), https://www.dw.com/tr/filistin-interpole-%C3%BCye-oldu/a-40716192
  • ECF (1993). Declaration of Principles (Oslo I, 1993). (Accessed on 22.03.2019), https://ecf.org.il/issues/issue/184
  • ECFR (Tarihsiz). Mapping Palestinian Politics (Accessed on 22.03.2019), https://www.ecfr.eu/mapping_palestinian_politics/detail/palestine_legislative_council
  • Eljazeere (2011). Filistin UNESCO Üyesi. (Accessed on 04.04.2019), http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/filistin-unesco-uyesi
  • Embassy-Worldwide (2019). List of Diplomatic Missions in Palestine & Palestinian Diplomatic Missions Abroad. (Accessed on 02.04.2019), https://www.embassy-worldwide.com/country/palestine/
  • Eroğlu, H. (1979). Devletler Umumi Hukuku El Kitabı. Ankara: Ankara İktisadi ve Ticari İlimler Akademesi Yayını.
  • Euronews (2018). Filistin’e BM’de 2019 yılında tam üye gibi hareket etme hakkı tanındı. (Erişim: 27.03.2019), https://tr.euronews.com/2018/10/17/filistin-e-bm-de-2019-yilinda-tam-uye-gibi-hareket-etme-hakki-tanindi
  • Euronews (2019a). İsrail- Filistin barışı için ABD'nin hazırladığı 'yüzyılın anlaşması'nın ilanı ertelendi. (Accessed on 04.04.2019), https://tr.euronews.com/2019/01/06/israil-filistin-barisi-icin-abd-nin-hazirladigi-yuzyilin-anlasmasinin-ilani-ertelendi
  • Euronews (2019b). Filistin: İsrail'in kesinti yapacağı vergi ödeneklerini kabul etmeyeceğiz. (Accessed on 23.05.2019), https://tr.euronews.com/2019/02/20/filistin-israil-in-kesinti-yapacagi-vergi-odeneklerini-kabul-etmeyecegiz
  • ILSA (1933). Montevideo Sözleşmesi. (Erişim: 11.03.2019) https://www.ilsa.org/Jessup/Jessup15/Montevideo%20Convention.pdf
  • IMEMC (2019). Palestinian Succumbs to Wounds Incurred during Land Day Protests. (Accessed on 04. 04.2019), https://imemc.org/article/palestinian-succumbs-to-wounds-incurred-during-land-day-protests/
  • Khalidi, R. (2007). The Iron Cage: The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood. Britanya: Oneworld.
  • Kışlalı, A. T. (1997). Siyaset Bilimi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • MFA (1947). UN Partition Plan- Resolution 181. (Accessed on 05.04.2019), https://mfa.gov.il/mfa/aboutisrael/maps/pages/1947%20un%20partition%20plan.aspx
  • MFA (1994). Agreement on Gaza Strip and Jericho. (Accessed on 29.03 2019), Areahttps://mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/agreement%20on%20gaza%20strip%20and%20jericho%20area.aspx
  • Mideastweb (1964). The Palestinian National Charter. (Accessed on 24.03.2019), http://www.mideastweb.org/plocha.htm
  • Mideastweb (1968). The Palestinian National Charter. (Accessed on 24.03.2019), http://www.mideastweb.org/plocha.htm
  • Nevo, Z., & Megiddo, T. (2009). Lessons from Kosovo: The Law of Statehood and Palestinian Unilateral Independence. Journal of International Law and International Relations, 5(2), 189-115.
  • Oppenheim, L.F. (1996). Oppenheim’s International Law. Sir Robert Jennings & Sir Arthur Watts (Ed.), 9nd Edition. Harlow: Longman.
  • Özkoç, Ö. (2000). Savaş ve Barış: Doksanlı Yıllarda Filistin-İsrail Sorunu. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 64(3), 167-195.
  • Panganiban, S. K. (2015). Palestinian Statehood: A Study of Statehood through the Lens of the Montevideo Convention. Doktora Tezi. Virginia: Polytechnic Institute and State University.
  • Pappe, I. (2007). Modern Filistin Tarihi. Pulimer (Çev.). Ankara: Phoenix.
  • Pazarcı, H. (2018). Uluslarararası Hukuk. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
  • Pitta M. (2018). Statehood and Recognition: The Case of Palestine. Universitat de Barcelona İnternational Affairs, 2(4), 1-45.
  • PNC (2019). Council Establishment. (Accessed on 29.03.2019), https://www.palestinepnc.org/en/council-establishment
  • Quigley, J. (2010). The Statehood of Palestine: International Law in the Middle East Conflict. London: Cambridge University Press.
  • Quigley, J. (2011). Palestine Is a State: A Horse with Black and White Stripes Is a Zebra. Michigan Journal of International Law, 32(4), 749-764.
  • Quigley, J. (2012). The Palestine Declaration to the International Criminal Court: The Statehood Issue. In: Chantal Meloni & Gianni Tognoni (Ed.)., Is There a Court for Gaza?: A Test Bench for International Justice (s.431-439). Hague: Springer & T.M.C Asser Press.
  • Shlaim, A. (2016). The Rise and Fall of the Oslo Peace Process. In: Louise Fawcett (Ed.), International Relations of the Middle East (s. 285-304), Britanya: Oxford Univercity Press.
  • Simpson, A. (2008). Nations and States. In: Frank Imber & C. Trevor Salmon (Ed.) Issues in International Relations, (s.46-60). New York: Routledge.
  • Sputnik News (2018). Filistin'den ABD'nin baskılarına rağmen UCM'ye Yeni Başvuru. (Erişim: 04.04.2019), https://tr.sputniknews.com/ortadogu/201809111035145234-filistin-abd-ucm/
  • State of Palestine Mission to the United Nations (2019). Diplomatic Relations. (Accessed on 02.04.2019), http://palestineun.org/about-palestine/diplomatic-relations/
  • TBMM (1945). Birleşmiş Milletler Anlaşması. (Erişim: 04.04.2019), https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/insanhaklari/pdf01/3-30.pdf
  • UN News (2019). ‘Historic’ moment: Palestine takes reins of UN coalition of developing countries. (Accessed on 03.04.2019), https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/01/1030522
  • UN Press (2012). General Assembly Votes Overwhelmingly to Accord Palestine ‘Non-Member Observer State’ Status in United Nations. (27.03.2019), https://www.un.org/press/en/2012/ga11317.doc.htm,
  • UNGA (1967). A/67/16. (Accessed on 04.06.2019), https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/6716(supp)
  • UNGA (1974). A/32/10. (Accessed on 06.05.2019), https://www.un.org/en/ga/62/plenary/palestine/bkg.shtml
  • UNGA (1988). A/RES/43/177 Question of Palestine. (Accessed on 05.04.2019), https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/43/177
  • UNGA (1997). 52/50. Division for Palestinian Rights of the Secretariat. (Accessed on 09.05.2019), https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/52/50
  • UNGA (2012). A/RES/67/19. Status of Palestine in the United Nations. (Accessed on 08.05.2019), https://undocs.org/A/RES/67/19
  • UNSC (1973). S/RES/1973. (Accessed on 04.06.2019), https://www.nato.int/nato_static/assets/pdf/pdf_2011_03/20110927_110311-UNSCR-1973.pdf
  • UNSC (1974a) 3236 (XXIX) Question of Palestine. (Accessed on 04.04.2019), lhttp://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/IP%20A%20RES%203236.pdf
  • UNSC (1974b) 3237 (XXIX) Qbserver Status for the Palestine Liberation Organization. (Accessed on 04.07.2019), http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/IP%20A%20RES%203236.pdf
  • Vidmar, J. (2013). Palestine and the Conceptual Problem of Implicit Statehood, Chinese Journal of International Law, 12(1), 19-41.
  • WB (2007). International Bank for Reconstruction And Development International Development Association International Finance Corporation Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. (Accessed on 02.04.2019), http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/339871512568083583/pdf/AS-1113-West-Bank-Gaza-Final-to-SECPO-11142017.pdf
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There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Orçun Mutlu 0000-0002-5735-792X

Publication Date December 30, 2019
Acceptance Date December 25, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: EUREFE ’19

Cite

APA Mutlu, O. (2019). Filistin Devleti’nin Devletlik Statüsüne Dair Bir Değerlendirme. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8, 403-413.