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Türkiye'de Dışa Açıklık ve Verimlilik Arasındaki Uzun Vadeli Bağlantı

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 19, 45 - 51, 30.06.2021

Hüseyin Safa Ünal Cüneyt Koyuncu

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de dışa açıklık ve verimlilik arasındaki uzun vadeli ilişkiyi bulmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla analizlerde ARDL yöntemi kullanılmıştır. GSYİH yüzdesi olarak ticaret, dışa, açıklığın bir göstergesi olarak kullanılır. İşgücü verimliliği, ise üretkenliğin bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ampirik bulgular, dışa açıklık ve verimlilik arasındaki ilişkinin 1960 ile 2019 arasındaki verilere göre pozitif olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak, bu uzun vadeli pozitif ilişki kısa vadede istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Modelleme ve bulguların kabul edilebilirliğinden emin olmak için analizler tanısal testler ile de desteklenmiştir.

Keywords

Ticari Dışa Açıklık İşgücü Verimliliği ARDL

References

  • Abizadeh, S., & Pandey, M. (2009). Trade openness, structural change and total factor productivity. International Economic Journal, 23(4), 545-559.
  • Ajayi, E. O., & Araoye, F. E. (2019). Trade openness and economic growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics and Financial Management, 4(2), 50-63.
  • Alcalá, F., & Ciccone, A. (2004). Trade and productivity. The Quarterly journal of economics, 119(2), 613-646.
  • Bekaert, G., Harvey, C. R., & Lundblad, C. (2011). Financial openness and productivity. World Development, 39(1), 1-19.
  • Cameron, G., Proudman, J., & Redding, S. (1998). Productivity convergence and international openness. Bank of England.
  • Damijan, J. P., De Sousa, J., & Lamotte, O. (2009). Does international openness affect the productivity of local firms? Evidence from south‐eastern Europe 1. Economics of Transition, 17(3), 559-586.
  • Diao, X., Roe, T., & Yeldan, E. (1999). Strategic policies and growth: an applied model of R&D-driven endogenous growth. Journal of Development Economics, 60(2), 343-380.
  • Diao, X., Rattsø, J., & Stokke, H. E. (2005). International spillovers, productivity growth and openness in Thailand: An intertemporal general equilibrium analysis. Journal of Development Economics, 76(2), 429-450.
  • Din, M. U., Ghani, E., & Siddique, O. (2003). Openness and economic growth in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 795-807.
  • Dowrick, S., & Golley, J. (2004). Trade openness and growth: who benefits?. Oxford review of economic policy, 20(1), 38-56.
  • Edwards, S. (1998). Openness, productivity and growth: what do we really know?. The economic journal, 108(447), 383-398.
  • Föllmi, R., Fuest, A., an de Meulen, P., Micheli, M., Schmidt, T., & Zwick, L. (2018). Openness and productivity of the Swiss economy. Swiss journal of economics and statistics, 154(1), 1-21.
  • Haouas, I., & Yagoubi, M. (2005). Openness and human capital as sources of productivity growth: An empirical investigation from the MENA Countries (No. 1461). IZA Discussion Papers.
  • Harrison, A. (1996). Openness and growth: A time-series, cross-country analysis for developing countries. Journal of development Economics, 48(2), 419-447.
  • Jiang, Y. (2011). Understanding openness and productivity growth in China: An empirical study of the Chinese provinces. China Economic Review, 22(3), 290-298.
  • Jiang, Y. (2012). An empirical study of openness and convergence in labor productivity in the Chinese provinces. Economic Change and Restructuring, 45(4), 317-336.
  • Karras, G. (2003). Trade openness and economic growth can we estimate the precise effect?. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 3(1).
  • Keho, Y. (2017). The impact of trade openness on economic growth: The case of Cote d’Ivoire. Cogent Economics & Finance, 5(1), 1332820.
  • Kim, D. H., Lin, S. C., & Suen, Y. B. (2011). Nonlinearity between trade openness and economic development. Review of Development Economics, 15(2), 279-292.
  • Madsen, J. B. (2009). Trade barriers, openness, and economic growth. Southern Economic Journal, 76(2), 397-418.
  • McGrattan, E. R., & Prescott, E. C. (2009). Openness, technology capital, and development. Journal of Economic Theory, 144(6), 2454-2476.
  • Miller, S. M., & Upadhyay, M. P. (2000). The effects of openness, trade orientation, and human capital on total factor productivity. Journal of development economics, 63(2), 399-423.
  • Ozyurt, S. (2008). Regional Assessment of Openness and Productivity Spillovers in China from 1979 to 2006: A Space-Time Model. Document de Recherche, (2008-15).
  • Paudel, R. C., & Perera, N. (2009). Foreign debt, trade openness, labor force and economic growth: evidence from Sri Lanka.
  • Ramzan, M., Sheng, B., Shahbaz, M., Song, J., & Jiao, Z. (2019). Impact of trade openness on GDP growth: Does TFP matter?. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 28(8), 960-995.
  • Rauch, J. E. (1997). Balanced and unbalanced growth. Journal of Development Economics, 53(1), 41-66.
  • Saha, S. (2012). Productivity and openness in Indian economy. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 2(2), 91-102.
  • Shahbaz, M. (2012). Does trade openness affect long run growth? Cointegration, causality and forecast error variance decomposition tests for Pakistan. Economic Modelling, 29(6), 2325-2339.
  • Söderbom, M., & Teal, F. (2003). Openness and human capital as sources of productivity growth: An empirical investigation. Centre for the Studies of African Economies, University of Oxford.
  • The Conference Board (2021). Total Economy Database. (10.01.2021) Retrieved from https://conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/total-economy-database-productivity
  • Umer, F. (2014). Impact of trade openness on economic growth of Pakistan: An ARDL approach. Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 1(1), 2014.
  • Yeboah, O. A., Naanwaab, C. B., Saleem, S., & Akuffo, A. S. (2012). Effects of trade openness on economic growth: The case of African countries (No. 1372-2016-109007).
  • Wang, Y. (2012). Openness and productivity: The role of imports, FDI and international telecommunications. Latin american journal of economics, 49(1), 125-145.
  • Wong, S. A. (2009). Productivity and trade openness in Ecuador's manufacturing industries. Journal of Business Research, 62(9), 868-875.
  • World Bank. (2021). World Development Indicators. (10.01.2021), Retrieved from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators

The Long-run Nexus Between Openness and Productivity in Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 19, 45 - 51, 30.06.2021

Hüseyin Safa Ünal Cüneyt Koyuncu

Abstract

This study aims to find the long-run relationship between openness and productivity in Turkey. For this aim Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method is utilized in the anlyses. Trade as percentage of GDP is used as an indicator of openness. And labor productivity is considered as an indicator of productivity. Empirical findings reveal that the association between openness and productivity is positive based on the data between 1960 and 2019. However, this long-run positive relationship is not statistically significant in the short-run. Diagnostic tests are also used to ensure that the modeling and analyses are acceptable.

Keywords

Trade Openness Labor Productivity ARDL

References

  • Abizadeh, S., & Pandey, M. (2009). Trade openness, structural change and total factor productivity. International Economic Journal, 23(4), 545-559.
  • Ajayi, E. O., & Araoye, F. E. (2019). Trade openness and economic growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics and Financial Management, 4(2), 50-63.
  • Alcalá, F., & Ciccone, A. (2004). Trade and productivity. The Quarterly journal of economics, 119(2), 613-646.
  • Bekaert, G., Harvey, C. R., & Lundblad, C. (2011). Financial openness and productivity. World Development, 39(1), 1-19.
  • Cameron, G., Proudman, J., & Redding, S. (1998). Productivity convergence and international openness. Bank of England.
  • Damijan, J. P., De Sousa, J., & Lamotte, O. (2009). Does international openness affect the productivity of local firms? Evidence from south‐eastern Europe 1. Economics of Transition, 17(3), 559-586.
  • Diao, X., Roe, T., & Yeldan, E. (1999). Strategic policies and growth: an applied model of R&D-driven endogenous growth. Journal of Development Economics, 60(2), 343-380.
  • Diao, X., Rattsø, J., & Stokke, H. E. (2005). International spillovers, productivity growth and openness in Thailand: An intertemporal general equilibrium analysis. Journal of Development Economics, 76(2), 429-450.
  • Din, M. U., Ghani, E., & Siddique, O. (2003). Openness and economic growth in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 795-807.
  • Dowrick, S., & Golley, J. (2004). Trade openness and growth: who benefits?. Oxford review of economic policy, 20(1), 38-56.
  • Edwards, S. (1998). Openness, productivity and growth: what do we really know?. The economic journal, 108(447), 383-398.
  • Föllmi, R., Fuest, A., an de Meulen, P., Micheli, M., Schmidt, T., & Zwick, L. (2018). Openness and productivity of the Swiss economy. Swiss journal of economics and statistics, 154(1), 1-21.
  • Haouas, I., & Yagoubi, M. (2005). Openness and human capital as sources of productivity growth: An empirical investigation from the MENA Countries (No. 1461). IZA Discussion Papers.
  • Harrison, A. (1996). Openness and growth: A time-series, cross-country analysis for developing countries. Journal of development Economics, 48(2), 419-447.
  • Jiang, Y. (2011). Understanding openness and productivity growth in China: An empirical study of the Chinese provinces. China Economic Review, 22(3), 290-298.
  • Jiang, Y. (2012). An empirical study of openness and convergence in labor productivity in the Chinese provinces. Economic Change and Restructuring, 45(4), 317-336.
  • Karras, G. (2003). Trade openness and economic growth can we estimate the precise effect?. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 3(1).
  • Keho, Y. (2017). The impact of trade openness on economic growth: The case of Cote d’Ivoire. Cogent Economics & Finance, 5(1), 1332820.
  • Kim, D. H., Lin, S. C., & Suen, Y. B. (2011). Nonlinearity between trade openness and economic development. Review of Development Economics, 15(2), 279-292.
  • Madsen, J. B. (2009). Trade barriers, openness, and economic growth. Southern Economic Journal, 76(2), 397-418.
  • McGrattan, E. R., & Prescott, E. C. (2009). Openness, technology capital, and development. Journal of Economic Theory, 144(6), 2454-2476.
  • Miller, S. M., & Upadhyay, M. P. (2000). The effects of openness, trade orientation, and human capital on total factor productivity. Journal of development economics, 63(2), 399-423.
  • Ozyurt, S. (2008). Regional Assessment of Openness and Productivity Spillovers in China from 1979 to 2006: A Space-Time Model. Document de Recherche, (2008-15).
  • Paudel, R. C., & Perera, N. (2009). Foreign debt, trade openness, labor force and economic growth: evidence from Sri Lanka.
  • Ramzan, M., Sheng, B., Shahbaz, M., Song, J., & Jiao, Z. (2019). Impact of trade openness on GDP growth: Does TFP matter?. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 28(8), 960-995.
  • Rauch, J. E. (1997). Balanced and unbalanced growth. Journal of Development Economics, 53(1), 41-66.
  • Saha, S. (2012). Productivity and openness in Indian economy. Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research, 2(2), 91-102.
  • Shahbaz, M. (2012). Does trade openness affect long run growth? Cointegration, causality and forecast error variance decomposition tests for Pakistan. Economic Modelling, 29(6), 2325-2339.
  • Söderbom, M., & Teal, F. (2003). Openness and human capital as sources of productivity growth: An empirical investigation. Centre for the Studies of African Economies, University of Oxford.
  • The Conference Board (2021). Total Economy Database. (10.01.2021) Retrieved from https://conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/total-economy-database-productivity
  • Umer, F. (2014). Impact of trade openness on economic growth of Pakistan: An ARDL approach. Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 1(1), 2014.
  • Yeboah, O. A., Naanwaab, C. B., Saleem, S., & Akuffo, A. S. (2012). Effects of trade openness on economic growth: The case of African countries (No. 1372-2016-109007).
  • Wang, Y. (2012). Openness and productivity: The role of imports, FDI and international telecommunications. Latin american journal of economics, 49(1), 125-145.
  • Wong, S. A. (2009). Productivity and trade openness in Ecuador's manufacturing industries. Journal of Business Research, 62(9), 868-875.
  • World Bank. (2021). World Development Indicators. (10.01.2021), Retrieved from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hüseyin Safa Ünal 0000-0001-7841-5685

Cüneyt Koyuncu 0000-0002-8638-2761

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Acceptance Date June 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 19

Cite

APA Ünal, H. S., & Koyuncu, C. (2021). The Long-run Nexus Between Openness and Productivity in Turkey. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(19), 45-51.
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