2011, 2015, 2019 VE 2023 FIFA KADINLAR DÜNYA KUPASINA KATILAN ÜLKE TAKIMLARININ KOŞU MESAFELERİ VE TAHMİNİ OKSİJEN TÜKETİM KAPASİTELERİNİN ANALİZİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı; 2011, 2015, 2019 ve 2023 FIFA Kadınlar Dünya Kupası’na katılan ülkelerin takımlarının koşu mesafeleri ve bu mesafelere göre tahmini oksijen tüketim kapasitelerini analiz etmektir. 2011 (16 ülke), 2015 (24 ülke), 2019 (24 ülke) ve 2023 yıllarında (32 ülke) FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association / Uluslararası Futbol Federasyonları Birliği) FIFA Kadınlar Dünya Şampiyonasına katılan toplam 96 ülkeden oluşmaktadır. Takımlara ait tahmini VO2max’ın belirlenmesinde ise Marangoz tarafından geliştirilen VO2max tahmini kestirim formülü kullanılmıştır. 2011, 2015, 2019 ve 2023 yıllarında yapılan FIFA Kadınlar Dünya Şampiyonasında en çok koşu mesafesine sahip olan ülkelerden dereceye (ilk dört) giren takımların çok az olduğu görülmektedir. Takımların toplam koşu mesafeleri takımların başarısını belirlemede veya takımların oynadıkları maçların sonucunu değiştirmede önemli olduğu ancak başarı için tek unsur olmadığı, başarıya ulaşmak için sadece maç koşusu performansı değil her maçın kendine özgü teknik, taktik ve sistemsel yaklaşımların olduğu ve diğer teknik-taktik gibi becerilerinde etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, toplam kat edilen mesafenin dolayısıyla maksimum oksijen tüketiminin yüksek olması müsabakaları kazanmak için tek başına yeterli bir ölçüt olmadığı ve maçın sonucunu doğrudan etkilemediği görülmektedir.

Keywords

• Kadınlar
• Futbol
• Dünya Şampiyonası
• Koşu Mesafesi
• VO2max

ANALYSIS OF THE RUNNING DISTANCES AND ESTIMATED OXYGEN CONSUMPTION CAPACITIES OF THE COUNTRY TEAMS PARTICIPATING IN THE 2011, 2015, 2019 AND 2023 FIFA WOMEN'S WORLD CUP

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the running distances of the teams participating in the 2011, 2015, 2019, and 2023 FIFA Women's World Cups, as well as their estimated oxygen consumption capacities based on these distances. The total of 96 countries participating in the FIFA Women's World Championships in the years 2011 (16 countries), 2015 (24 countries), 2019 (24 countries), and 2023 (32 countries) is comprised. The VO2max estimation formula developed by Marangoz was used to determine the estimated VO2max of the teams. Across the 2011, 2015, 2019, and 2023 FIFA Women's World Championships, it is observed that only a few of the top-ranked teams possess the highest running distances. While the cumulative running distances of teams play a role in determining their success and potentially influencing match outcomes, it is acknowledged that they are not the sole determinant of success. Success in this context is contingent not only on the performance during match runs but also on the unique technical, tactical, and systemic approaches employed in each game. Other skills, such as technical-tactical abilities, are also believed to significantly contribute to achieving success. Consequently, it is evident that the total distance covered and consequently, the high levels of maximal oxygen consumption, do not singularly constitute a sufficient criterion for winning matches and do not directly dictate match outcomes.

References

1. Wahl A. (2005). Ayaktopu: futbolun öyküsü, Çeviri: Cem İleri. Yapı Kredi Yayınları. İstanbul.
2. Marangoz İ. (2018). The analysis of running distances in national teams in 2010 and 2014 fıfa world cup and estimation of oxygen consumption capacity based on these distances. Journal of Education and Training Studies. 6(4),102-107.
3. Reilly T. (2003). Motion analysis and physiological demands. İçinde: Reilly T., Williams AM. (editörler). Science and Soccer. London: Routledge.
4. Castellano J., Casamichana D., Lago C. (2012). The use of match statistics that discriminate between successful and unsuccessful soccer teams. Journal of Human Kinetics. 31, 137-147.
5. Palade T., Grigore G., Barrel G. (2020). Women vs men-technical and tactical efficiency in football. physical Education. Sport and Kinetotherapy Journal. 59(3), 289-300.
6. Meier H., Konjer M., Leinwather M. (2016). The demand for women’s league soccer in Germany. European Sport Management Quarterly. 16(1), 1-19.
7. FIFA (2023). https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/. Erişim tarihi: 02.08.2023.
8. History of Soccer (1991). https://historyofsoccer.info/1991-womens-world-cup. "1991 Women's World Cup: Celebrating The Historic Tournament". Erişim tarihi: 03.08.2023

9. FIFA Women Words Cup (2023). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup. Erişim tarihi: 20.08.2023.
10. Martinez-Lagunas V., Niessen M., Hartmann U. (2014). Women’s football: player characteristics and demands of the game. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 3(4), 258- 272.
11. Sainz de Baranda P., Adán L., García-Angulo A., Gómez-López M., Nikolic, B., Ortega-Toro E. (2019). Differences in the offensive and defensive actions of the goalkeepers at Women’s FIFA World Cup 2011. Frontiers in Psychology. 10, 223.
12. Yiannakos A., Armatas V. (2006). Evaluation of the goal scoring patterns in European Championship in Portugal 2004. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 6(1), 178-188.
13. Cooper KH. (1968). A means of assessing maximal oxygen intake: correlation between field and treadmill testing. Jama. 203(3), 201-204.
14. Marangoz İ. (2019). Fiziksel performans ölçümünde sık kullanılan bazı testler ve hesaplama programları. Gazi kitabevi. Ankara.
15. Živanić S., Životić-Vanović M., Mijić R., Dragojević R. (1999). Aerobna sposobnost injena procena Astrandovim testom opterećenja na bicikl-ergometru. Beograd: Udruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije. 16.
16. Skinner JS., Wilmore KM., Krasnoff JB., Jaskolski A., Jaskolska A., Gagnon J., Bouchard C. (2000). Adaptation to a standardized training program and changes in fitness in a large, heterogeneous population: the herıtage family study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 32(1), 157-161.
17. Karasar N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. 24. basım. Nobel Yayıncılık. Ankara.
18. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup. Erişim tarihi: 01.08.2023
19. FIFA Women’s World Cup Germany (2011). Physical Analysis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup. Erişim tarihi: 02.08.2023
20. FIFA Women’s World Cup Canada (2015). Technical Report and Statistics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup. Erişim tarihi: 03.08.2023
21. FIFA Women’s World Cup France (2019). Technical Report and Statistics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup. Erişim tarihi: 20.08.2023
22. https://www.fifatrainingcentre.com/en/game/tournaments/fifa-womens-world cup/2023/match-report-hub/post-match-summary-reports.php. Erişim tarihi: 21.08.2023
23. Bowers RW., Fox EL. (1988). Sports Physiology. 3. Basım. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
24. Gelaw GF. (2022). Ethiopian elite female long-distance runners’ some physical and physiological characteristics. sportive sight: Journal of Sports and Education. 9(1), 11-23.
25. Gonzalez-Parra G., Mora R., Hoeger B. (2013). Maximal oxygen consumption in national elite triathletes that train in high altitude. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise. 8(2), 342-349.
26. https://www.sporeus.com/spor/max-vo2-testi-nedir-nasil-yapilir-nelere-dikkat-edilmeli/. Erişim tarihi: 04.08.2023.
27. https://www.cnet.com/health/fitness/vo2-max-the-fitness-metric-that-can-help-you-run-faster-and-workout-harder/. Erişim tarihi: 04.08.2023.
28. Haugen TA., Tønnessen E., Hem E., Leirstein S., Seiler S. (2014). VO2max characteristics of elite female soccer players, 1989–2007. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 9(3), 515-521.
29. Ingjer F. (1991). Maximal oxygen uptake as a predictor of performance ability in women and men elite cross‐country skiers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 1(1), 25-30.
30. Tønnessen E., Haugen TA., Hem E., Leirstein S., Seiler S. (2015). Maximal aerobic capacity in the winter-Olympics endurance disciplines: olympic-medal benchmarks for the time period 1990–2013. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(7), 835-839.
31. Tønnessen E., Sylta Ø., Haugen TA., Hem E., Svendsen IS., Seiler S. (2014). The road to gold: training and peaking characteristics in the year prior to a gold medal endurance performance. PloSone. 9(7),e101796.
32. Helgerud J., Engen LC., Wisloff U., Hoff J. (2001). Aerobic endurance training improves soccer performance. Medicine & Science in Sport Exercise. 33(11), 1925-1931.
33. McMahon S., Wenger HA. (1998) The relationship between aerobic fitness and both power output and subsequent recovery during maximal intermittent exercise. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 1(4), 219-227.
34. Günay M., Yüce A. (1996). Futbol antrenmanının bilimsel temelleri. Seren Ofset. Ankara.
35. Güler AH., Erdil G. (2018). Examination of the relationship between total running distance in football competition and result of competition. Eurasian Research in Sport Science. 3(2), 116-123.
36. Hoppe MW., Slomka M., Baumgart C., Weber H., Freiwald J. (2015). Match running performance and success across a season in German Bundesliga soccer teams. International Journal of Sports Medicine, International Journal of Sports Medicine. 36(7), 563-566.
37. Rampinini E., Impelizzeri F., Castagna C., Coutts A., Wisloff U. (2009). Technical performance during soccer matches of Italian Seria A league: Effect of fatigue and competitive level. Journal of Science and Medicine Sports. 12, 227-233.
38. Yang G., Leicht AS., Lago C., Gomez MA. (2018). Key team physical and technical performance indicators indicative of team quality in the soccer Chinese Super League. Research in Sports Medicine. 26(1), 1-10.
39. Polat B., Gürkan O. (2020). Analyzing and evaluation of physical performance parameters of Turkey Spor Toto Super League. International Sport Science Student Studies. 2(1), 48-59.
40. Rumpf MC., Silva JR., Hertzog M., Farooq A., Nassis G. (2017). Technical and physical analysis of the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil: winners vs. losers. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 57(10), 1338-1343.
41. Lepschy H., Wäsche H., Woll A. (2020). Success factors in football: an analysis of the German Bundesliga. International Journal of Performance and Analysis in Sport. 20, 150-164.
42. Bilgin S., Müniroğlu RS. (2022). Statistical analysis of technical, tactical and movement time relationships of 2018 World Cup Matches. Spormetre. 20(2), 105-116.