Sporcuların Görev-Ego Yönelimlerinin Ve Yarışma Yönelimlerinin Sportmenlik Tutumlarına Etkisi

Abstract

Spor psikolojisi literatüründe, 1980'lerin ortalarından itibaren hedef yönelimi konusu öne çıkmıştır. Bu değişken görev ve ego olarak iki ayrı ve örtük başarı hedef yönelimi şeklinde tanımlanmış ve sporcuların yarışmayı iş birliği veya çatışma temelinde algılamasını belirlemiştir. Bu gelişmelerden hareketle bu araştırma, bireysel ve takım sporlarında yer alan öğrencilerin hedef yönelimlerinin ve yarışma yönelimlerinin sportmenlik tutum ve davranışlarına olan etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Ayrıca hedef yönelimlerinin sportmenlik tutumlarına olan etkisinde iş birliği ve çatışma odaklı yarışma yönelimlerinin aracılık etkisi de incelenmiştir. Bir devlet üniversitesinin spor bilimleri fakültesindeki farklı düzeylerden ve branşlardan 155 üniversiteli sporcudan (148’i 18-25 yaş aralığında ve 7’si 26-35 yaş aralığında; 85’i erkek ve 70’i kadın; 114’ü takım sporcusu ve 41’I bireysel sporcu) Sporda Görev ve Ego Yönelimi Ölçeği, Yarışma Yönelimi Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Sportmenlik Yönelimi Ölçeği’ ne cevap vermeleri istenmiştir. Verilerin SPSS 25 ve AMOS 25 programlarıyla analizi yapılmış; doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modeli uygulanmıştır. Bulgulara göre, görev yönelimli hedefler sportmenliği pozitif, ego yönelimli hedefler ise negatif yönde etkilemektedir. Yarışma yönelimlerinden iş birliği, sportmenlik üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif etki gösterirken, çatışmanın etkisi anlamsız bulunmuştur. Görev yönelimi iş birliği ve çatışmayı pozitif yönde etkilerken, ego yönelimi iş birliğini negatif yönde etkilemiş, çatışma üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmamıştır. Aracılık analizinde; görev yönelimli hedefler ile ego yönelimli hedeflerin sportmenlik yönelimi arasındaki ilişkilerde iş birliğinin aracılık rolünün anlamlı, çatışmanın ise anlamsız olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak çalışma, üniversiteli sporcuların hedef ve yarışma yönelimlerinin sportmenlik tutumları üzerinde önemli rol oynadığını ortaya koyarak spor psikolojisi literatürüne katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Görev ve Ego Yönelimi
• Yarışma Yönelimi
• Sportmenlik Yönelimi
• Üniversiteli Sporcular
• Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli

The Impact of Athletes’ Task–Ego Orientations and Competitive Orientations on Sportsmanship Attitudes

Abstract

In the literature of sports psychology, the topic of goal orientation has come to the forefront since the mid-1980s. This variable has been defined as two separate and latent achievement goal orientations, task and ego, and has determined how athletes perceive competition on the basis of cooperation or conflict.Based on these developments, this research aims to examine the effect of goal orientations and competition orientations on sportsmanship attitudes and behaviors in students participating in individual and team sports. Furthermore, the mediating effect of cooperative and conflict-oriented competition orientations on the influence of goal orientations on sportsmanship attitudes is also investigated. Fifteen hundred university athletes (148 aged 18-25 and 7 aged 26-35; 85 male and 70 female; 114 team athletes and 41 individual athletes) from different levels and branches in the Faculty of Sports Sciences of a state university were asked to answer the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Scale, the Competition Orientation Scale, and the Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientation Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and AMOS 25 programs; confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were applied. According to the findings, task-oriented goals positively affect sportsmanship, while ego-oriented goals negatively affect it. Among competition orientations, cooperation showed a significant and positive effect on sportsmanship, while the effect of conflict was found to be insignificant. Task orientation positively affected both cooperation and conflict, while ego orientation negatively affected cooperation and had no significant effect on conflict. In mediation analysis; The study found that cooperation played a significant mediating role in the relationships between task-oriented goals and ego-oriented goals and sportsmanship orientation, while conflict was found to be insignificant. Consequently, this study contributes to the sports psychology literature by demonstrating that the goal and competition orientations of university athletes play a significant role in their sportsmanship attitudes.

Keywords

• Task and Ego Orientation
• Contest Orientation
• Sportsmanship Orientation
• University Athletes
• Structural Equation Model

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