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Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing

Year 2024, , 196 - 202, 15.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1388610

Abstract

This research primarily focuses on the mechanical properties of specimens produced using Polylactic Acid (PLA) through the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique, a method of 3D printing. Within the scope of this study, specimens were fabricated using various fill percentages and different infill patterns. The simultaneous effect of variable parameters on mechanical properties is a challenging task, and it is aimed to rank the importance of the parameters, model the process, and finally validate the models using tensile and bending experiments. The results show that samples with a Concentric pattern and 95% fill rate exhibited the highest tensile strength with an average of 48.67 MPa. In contrast, the Triangle pattern with 20% infill ratio showed the lowest tensile strength with an average of 14.15 MPa. When evaluating flexural strength values, the Concentric design with a 95% fill ratio stood out once again, recording an average peak value of 79.94 MPa. Meanwhile, the Honeycomb pattern at 20% infill ratio exhibited the lowest strength value measured with an average of 23.3 MPa. Scanning Electron Microscope images taken according to infill rates confirm each other with the voids formed and mechanical performance outputs. These findings underscore that the mechanical attributes of PLA specimens produced using 3D printing technology can significantly vary based on the chosen fill rate and pattern.

Project Number

KÜBAP-01/2022-38

References

  • Benamira M, Benhassin N, Ayad A, Dekhane A. 2023. Investigation of printing parameters effects on mechanical and failure properties of 3D printed PLA. Eng Fail Anal, 148: 107218.
  • Bian YH, Yu G, Zhao X, Li SX, He XL, Tian CX, Li ZY. 2023. Exit morphology and mechanical property of FDM printed PLA: influence of hot melt extrusion process. Adv Manuf, 11(1): 56-74.
  • Dudescu C, Racz L. 2017. Effects of raster orientation, infill rate and infill pattern on the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials. ACTA Univ Cibiniensis, 69(1): 23-30.
  • Hamat S, Ishak MR, Sapuan SM, Yidris N, Hussin MS, Abd Manan MS. 2023. Influence of filament fabrication parameter on tensile strength and filament size of 3D printing PLA-3D850. Mater Today-Proc, 74: 457-461.
  • Kartal F, Kaptan A. 2023. Investigating the Effect of Nozzle Diameter on Tensile Strength in 3D-Printed PLA Parts. BSJ Eng Sci, 6(3): 276-287.
  • Kechagias JD, Vidakis N, Petousis M, Mountakis N. 2023. A multi-parametric process evaluation of the mechanical response of PLA in FFF 3D printing. Mater Manuf Proces, 38(8): 941-953.
  • Lalegani Dezaki M, Ariffin MKAM, Serjouei A, Zolfagharian A, Hatami S, Bodaghi M. 2021. Influence of infill patterns generated by CAD and FDM 3D printer on surface roughness and tensile strength properties. Appl Sci, 11(16): 7272.
  • Mayén J, Gallegos-Melgar, ADC, Pereyra I, Poblano-Salas CA, Hernández-Hernández M, Betancourt-Cantera JA, Monroy MDA. 2022. Descriptive and inferential study of hardness, fatigue life, and crack propagation on PLA 3D-printed parts. Mater Today Commun, 32: 103948.
  • Moradi M, Aminzade A, Rahmatabadi D, Hakimi A. 2021. Experimental investigation on mechanical characterization of 3D printed PLA produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM). Mater Res Express, 8(3): 035304.
  • Özsoy K., Aksoy B. 2022. Real-time data analysis with artificial intelligence in parts manufactured by FDM printer using image processing method. J Test Eval, 50(1): 629-645.
  • Özsoy K., Aksoy B., Bayrakçı HC. 2022. Optimization of thermal modeling using machine learning techniques in fused deposition modeling 3-D printing. J Test Eval, 50(1): 613-628.
  • Pandzic A, Hodzic D, Milovanovic A. 2019. Effect of infill type and density on tensile properties of plamaterial for fdm process. Ann DAAAM, 30.
  • Şirin Ş, Aslan E, Akincioğlu G. 2023. Effects of 3D-printed PLA material with different filling densities on coefficient of friction performance. Rapid Prototyp J, 29(1): 157-165.
  • Wittbrodt B, Pearce JM. 2015. The effects of PLA color on material properties of 3-D printed components. Addidtive Manufact, 8: 110-116.
  • Wu W, Geng P, Li G, Zhao D, Zhang H, Zhao J. 2015. Influence of layer thickness and raster angle on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PEEK and a comparative mechanical study between PEEK and ABS. Materials, 8(9): 5834-5846.

Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing

Year 2024, , 196 - 202, 15.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1388610

Abstract

This research primarily focuses on the mechanical properties of specimens produced using Polylactic Acid (PLA) through the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique, a method of 3D printing. Within the scope of this study, specimens were fabricated using various fill percentages and different infill patterns. The simultaneous effect of variable parameters on mechanical properties is a challenging task, and it is aimed to rank the importance of the parameters, model the process, and finally validate the models using tensile and bending experiments. The results show that samples with a Concentric pattern and 95% fill rate exhibited the highest tensile strength with an average of 48.67 MPa. In contrast, the Triangle pattern with 20% infill ratio showed the lowest tensile strength with an average of 14.15 MPa. When evaluating flexural strength values, the Concentric design with a 95% fill ratio stood out once again, recording an average peak value of 79.94 MPa. Meanwhile, the Honeycomb pattern at 20% infill ratio exhibited the lowest strength value measured with an average of 23.3 MPa. Scanning Electron Microscope images taken according to infill rates confirm each other with the voids formed and mechanical performance outputs. These findings underscore that the mechanical attributes of PLA specimens produced using 3D printing technology can significantly vary based on the chosen fill rate and pattern.

Ethical Statement

The study does not cover the field of ethical principles.

Supporting Institution

Kastamonu University

Project Number

KÜBAP-01/2022-38

Thanks

We would like to thank Kastamonu University Scientific Research Coordinatorship for supporting this study with project number KÜBAP-01/2022-38.

References

  • Benamira M, Benhassin N, Ayad A, Dekhane A. 2023. Investigation of printing parameters effects on mechanical and failure properties of 3D printed PLA. Eng Fail Anal, 148: 107218.
  • Bian YH, Yu G, Zhao X, Li SX, He XL, Tian CX, Li ZY. 2023. Exit morphology and mechanical property of FDM printed PLA: influence of hot melt extrusion process. Adv Manuf, 11(1): 56-74.
  • Dudescu C, Racz L. 2017. Effects of raster orientation, infill rate and infill pattern on the mechanical properties of 3D printed materials. ACTA Univ Cibiniensis, 69(1): 23-30.
  • Hamat S, Ishak MR, Sapuan SM, Yidris N, Hussin MS, Abd Manan MS. 2023. Influence of filament fabrication parameter on tensile strength and filament size of 3D printing PLA-3D850. Mater Today-Proc, 74: 457-461.
  • Kartal F, Kaptan A. 2023. Investigating the Effect of Nozzle Diameter on Tensile Strength in 3D-Printed PLA Parts. BSJ Eng Sci, 6(3): 276-287.
  • Kechagias JD, Vidakis N, Petousis M, Mountakis N. 2023. A multi-parametric process evaluation of the mechanical response of PLA in FFF 3D printing. Mater Manuf Proces, 38(8): 941-953.
  • Lalegani Dezaki M, Ariffin MKAM, Serjouei A, Zolfagharian A, Hatami S, Bodaghi M. 2021. Influence of infill patterns generated by CAD and FDM 3D printer on surface roughness and tensile strength properties. Appl Sci, 11(16): 7272.
  • Mayén J, Gallegos-Melgar, ADC, Pereyra I, Poblano-Salas CA, Hernández-Hernández M, Betancourt-Cantera JA, Monroy MDA. 2022. Descriptive and inferential study of hardness, fatigue life, and crack propagation on PLA 3D-printed parts. Mater Today Commun, 32: 103948.
  • Moradi M, Aminzade A, Rahmatabadi D, Hakimi A. 2021. Experimental investigation on mechanical characterization of 3D printed PLA produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM). Mater Res Express, 8(3): 035304.
  • Özsoy K., Aksoy B. 2022. Real-time data analysis with artificial intelligence in parts manufactured by FDM printer using image processing method. J Test Eval, 50(1): 629-645.
  • Özsoy K., Aksoy B., Bayrakçı HC. 2022. Optimization of thermal modeling using machine learning techniques in fused deposition modeling 3-D printing. J Test Eval, 50(1): 613-628.
  • Pandzic A, Hodzic D, Milovanovic A. 2019. Effect of infill type and density on tensile properties of plamaterial for fdm process. Ann DAAAM, 30.
  • Şirin Ş, Aslan E, Akincioğlu G. 2023. Effects of 3D-printed PLA material with different filling densities on coefficient of friction performance. Rapid Prototyp J, 29(1): 157-165.
  • Wittbrodt B, Pearce JM. 2015. The effects of PLA color on material properties of 3-D printed components. Addidtive Manufact, 8: 110-116.
  • Wu W, Geng P, Li G, Zhao D, Zhang H, Zhao J. 2015. Influence of layer thickness and raster angle on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PEEK and a comparative mechanical study between PEEK and ABS. Materials, 8(9): 5834-5846.
There are 15 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Material Design and Behaviors
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fuat Kartal 0000-0002-2567-9705

Arslan Kaptan 0000-0002-2431-9329

Project Number KÜBAP-01/2022-38
Early Pub Date February 25, 2024
Publication Date March 15, 2024
Submission Date November 9, 2023
Acceptance Date January 22, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Kartal, F., & Kaptan, A. (2024). Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 7(2), 196-202. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1388610
AMA Kartal F, Kaptan A. Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing. BSJ Eng. Sci. March 2024;7(2):196-202. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1388610
Chicago Kartal, Fuat, and Arslan Kaptan. “Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7, no. 2 (March 2024): 196-202. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1388610.
EndNote Kartal F, Kaptan A (March 1, 2024) Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7 2 196–202.
IEEE F. Kartal and A. Kaptan, “Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 196–202, 2024, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1388610.
ISNAD Kartal, Fuat - Kaptan, Arslan. “Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7/2 (March 2024), 196-202. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1388610.
JAMA Kartal F, Kaptan A. Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2024;7:196–202.
MLA Kartal, Fuat and Arslan Kaptan. “Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 7, no. 2, 2024, pp. 196-02, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1388610.
Vancouver Kartal F, Kaptan A. Effect of Filling Ratio-Pattern Parameters on Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments Used in 3D Printing. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2024;7(2):196-202.

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