Research Article

Determination of Critical Variables for Resilient Urbanization

Volume: 8 Number: 3 May 15, 2025
TR EN

Determination of Critical Variables for Resilient Urbanization

Abstract

As society urbanizes in economic, political, demographic, and sociological terms, living spaces, buildings, streets, avenues, and facilities must also physically adapt to urbanization and form resilient urbanization. The 11. goal of Sustainable Development Goals is defined as "Sustainable Cities and Communities". The goal of this target is to "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable". This target once again highlights the importance of sustainable and resilient cities and urbanization. This study was conducted to identify the fundamental and critical variables in resilient urbanization. In this study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted for resilient urbanization, identifying 11 key and 22 critical variables. Semi-structured questionnaire was designed for the 11 key variables, while structured questionnaire was developed for the 22 critical variables. Firstly, the hierarchical relationships among 11 key variables were identified using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). Subsequently, the importance levels of 22 critical variables were identified through Cronbach's alpha (α), frequency, and relative importance index (RII) analyses. According to the hierarchical structural modeling, the process that begins with uncontrolled migration concludes with urban transformation. Statistical analysis results have determined that one of the most significant causes of squatting and illegal construction is the lack of supervision. Additionally, the results indicate that squatting and illegal construction render cities vulnerable to natural disasters.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

The authors confirm that the ethical policies of the journal, as noted on the journal's author guidelines page, have been adhered to. The questionnaire survey procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye (Approval date: 30.07.2024, protocol code: E-61923333-050.99-383795).

Thanks

This article is derived from the master's thesis titled "Türkiye’de Dirençli ve İdeal Kentleşmeye Engel Olan Sorunlu Süreçler", prepared by Mahmut Esat Çakmak under the supervision of Dr. Esra Dobrucalı.

References

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  7. Çakmak ME. 2024. Türkiye’de dirençli ve ideal kentleşmeye engel olan sorunlu süreçler. M.S. thesis, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya, Türkiye, pp: 96.
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Construction Business

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

May 15, 2025

Submission Date

January 6, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 11, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 3

APA
Çakmak, M. E., & Dobrucalı, E. (2025). Determination of Critical Variables for Resilient Urbanization. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 8(3), 616-626. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1614203
AMA
1.Çakmak ME, Dobrucalı E. Determination of Critical Variables for Resilient Urbanization. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025;8(3):616-626. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1614203
Chicago
Çakmak, Mahmut Esat, and Esra Dobrucalı. 2025. “Determination of Critical Variables for Resilient Urbanization”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8 (3): 616-26. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1614203.
EndNote
Çakmak ME, Dobrucalı E (May 1, 2025) Determination of Critical Variables for Resilient Urbanization. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8 3 616–626.
IEEE
[1]M. E. Çakmak and E. Dobrucalı, “Determination of Critical Variables for Resilient Urbanization”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 616–626, May 2025, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1614203.
ISNAD
Çakmak, Mahmut Esat - Dobrucalı, Esra. “Determination of Critical Variables for Resilient Urbanization”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8/3 (May 1, 2025): 616-626. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1614203.
JAMA
1.Çakmak ME, Dobrucalı E. Determination of Critical Variables for Resilient Urbanization. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025;8:616–626.
MLA
Çakmak, Mahmut Esat, and Esra Dobrucalı. “Determination of Critical Variables for Resilient Urbanization”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 8, no. 3, May 2025, pp. 616-2, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1614203.
Vancouver
1.Mahmut Esat Çakmak, Esra Dobrucalı. Determination of Critical Variables for Resilient Urbanization. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025 May 1;8(3):616-2. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1614203

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