Traditional Uses, Phytochemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Orchids

Abstract

Orchids are highly diverse plants in terms of color, size, blooming patterns, as well as their scent characteristics. Their distribution ranges from tropical regions to high mountains. Although orchids are primarily grown as ornamental plants, many are also rich in other chemical components such as polysaccharides and alkaloids. Therefore, it is used in different parts of the world and cultures in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Secondary metabolites are defined as low molecular weight organic compounds. Although these compounds are not primarily responsible for growth and development, they are produced under special conditions such as stress. Different classes of secondary metabolites have been reported in medicinal orchids to date and have been shown to play an important role in the pharmaceutical field. In this study, it is aimed to examine orchids in terms of their traditional uses, biological activities and bioactive compounds. It is thought that a detailed examination of these species will contribute to both public health and the national economy.

Keywords

• Traditional use
• Bioactive compounds
• Biological activity
• Orchid

Orkidelerin Geleneksel Kullanımları, Fitokimyasal İçerikleri ve Biyolojik Aktiviteleri

Abstract

Orkideler renk, boyut, çiçeklenme şekilleri ve aynı zamanda koku özellikleri bakımından oldukça çeşitlilik gösteren bitkilerdir. Yayılış alanları tropikal bölgelerden yüksek dağlara kadar değişmektedir. Orkideler öncelikle süs bitkisi olarak yetiştirilse de polisakkaritler ve alkaloidler gibi kimyasal bileşenler açısından da zengindirler. Bundan dolayı ilaç ve gıda sanayisinde dünyanın farklı yerlerinde ve kültürlerinde kullanılmaktadırlar. Sekonder metabolitler, moleküler ağırlığı düşük organik bileşikler olarak tanımlanır. Bu bileşikler birincil olarak büyüme ve gelişmeden sorumlu olmasa da stres gibi özel koşullar altında üretilirler. Tıbbi orkidelerde, bugüne kadar farklı sekonder metabolit sınıfları bildirilmiştir ve bunların farmasötik alanda önemli bir rol oynadıkları gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, orkideleri geleneksel kullanımları, biyolojik aktiviteleri ve biyoaktif bileşikleri açısından incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu türlerin ayrıntılı şekilde incelenmesinin hem toplum sağlığına hem de ulusal ekonomiye katkıda bulunulacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Geleneksel kullanım
• Biyoktif bileşikler
• Biyolojik aktivite
• Orkide

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