Sodyum Aljinat’ın Farmasötik Alanda Kullanımı ve Tıbbi Uygulamaları

Abstract

Sodyum aljinat, kahverengi alglerden elde edilen doğal, anyonik bir polisakkarittir ve biyouyumluluk, biyobozunurluk ile jel oluşturma kapasitesi sayesinde farmasötik ve tıbbi uygulamalarda önemli bir biyopolimer olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Farmasötik alanda kontrollü ilaç salımı sağlamakta, biyoyararlanımı artırmakta ve protein, nükleik asit ile hücre taşıyıcı sistemlerinde etkin bir rol oynamaktadır. Aljinat temelli mikrokapsüller, hassas molekülleri koruyarak hedefe yönelik salımı mümkün kılmaktadır. Tıbbi uygulamalarda özellikle yara örtüsü olarak kullanılmakta; nemli iyileşme ortamı oluşturarak doku rejenerasyonunu desteklemekte ve enfeksiyon riskini azaltmaktadır. Antimikrobiyal ve antiinflamatuar ajanlarla kombine edildiğinde, kronik yaralar ve yanıkların tedavisinde üstün performans göstermektedir. Ayrıca doku mühendisliğinde hücre büyümesini ve farklılaşmasını destekleyen üç boyutlu biyomimetik yapılar sunmaktadır. Bu özellikleriyle sodyum aljinat, modern tıp ve farmasötik bilimlerde yenilikçi tedavi yaklaşımları için kritik bir biyopolimer olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

• Alg
• Farmasötik
• İlaç taşıyıcı sistemler
• Sodyum aljinat
• Yara örtüsü

Pharmaceutical Applications and Medical Uses of Sodium Alginate

Abstract

Sodium alginate, a natural anionic polysaccharide derived from brown algae, exhibits significant biocompatibility, biodegradability, and gel-forming capacity, making it an important biopolymer in pharmaceutical and medical applications. In pharmaceutics, it facilitates controlled drug release, enhances bioavailability, and serves as an effective carrier for proteins, nucleic acids, and cells. Alginate-based microcapsules protect labile molecules and enable targeted delivery. Medically, sodium alginate is widely used as a wound dressing, creating a moist healing environment that supports tissue regeneration and reduces the risk of infection. When combined with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents, it demonstrates superior efficacy in treating chronic wounds and burns. Furthermore, it provides three-dimensional biomimetic scaffolds that support cell growth and differentiation in tissue engineering. These properties position sodium alginate as a key biopolymer in the development of innovative therapeutic strategies in modern medicine and pharmaceutics.

Keywords

• Algae
• Pharmaceutical
• Drug delivery systems
• Sodium Alginate
• Wound Dressing

References

1. Jain, D., Bar-Shalom, D. (2014). Alginate drug delivery systems: application in context of pharmaceutical and biomedical research. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 40(12), 1576-1584.
2. Zhang, H., Cheng, J., Ao, Q. (2021). Preparation of alginate-based biomaterials and their applications in biomedicine. Marine Drugs, 19(5), 264-288.
3. Szekalska, M., Puciłowska, A., Szymańska, E., Ciosek, P., Winnicka, K. (2016). Alginate: current use and future perspectives in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2016(1), 7697031.
4. Chaturvedi, K., Ganguly, K., More, U.A., Reddy, K.R., Dugge, T., Naik, B., Amşnabhavi, T.M., Noolvi, M.N. (2019). Sodium alginate in drug delivery and biomedical areas. In Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications (pp. 59-100). Academic Press.
5. Jadach, B., Swietlik, W., Froelich, A. (2022). Sodium alginate as a pharmaceutical excipient: novel applications of a well-known polymer. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 111(5), 1250-1261.
6. Sun, J., & Tan, H. (2013). Alginate-based biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications. Materials, 6(4), 1285-1309.
7. Hariyadi, D.M., & Islam, N. (2020). Current status of alginate in drug delivery. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020(1), 8886095.
8. Li, S., Zhang, H., Chen, K., Jin, M., Vu, S.H., Jung, S., Lee, J., Lee, J., Lee, M.S., Yoon, J. (2022). Application of chitosan/alginate nanoparticle in oral drug delivery systems: prospects and challenges. Drug Delivery, 29(1), 1142-1149.

9. Cardoso, M.J., Costa, R.R., Mano, J.F. (2016). Marine origin polysaccharides in drug delivery systems. Marine Drugs, 14(2), 34-61.
10. Chen, X., Fan, M., Tan, H., Ren, B., Yuan, G., Jia, Y., Li, S., Zhang, J., Guo, Z., Zhao, Z., Hu, X. (2019). Magnetic and self-healing chitosan-alginate hydrogel encapsulated gelatin microspheres via covalent cross-linking for drug delivery. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 101, 619-629.
11. Sanchez-Ballester, N.M., Bataille, B., Soulairol, I. (2021). Sodium alginate and alginic acid as pharmaceutical excipients for tablet formulation: structure-function relationship. Carbohydrate Polymers, 270, 118399.
12. Lin, X., Ma, Q., Su, J., Wang, C., Kankala, R.K., Zeng, M., Chen, Y., Zhou, S.F. (2019). Dual-responsive alginate hydrogels for controlled release of therapeutics. Molecules, 24(11), 2089-2102.
13. Khalid, S., Abbas, G., Hanif, M., Shah, S., Shah, S.N.H., Jalil, A., Anum, A., Shah, Z., Arif, M., Jabeen, F. (2020). Thiolated sodium alginate conjugates for mucoadhesive and controlled release behavior of metformin microspheres. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 164, 2691-2700.
14. Cazorla-Luna, R., Martín-Illana, A., Notario-Pérez, F., Ruiz-Caro, R., Veiga, M.D. (2021). Naturally occurring polyelectrolytes and their use for the development of complex-based mucoadhesive drug delivery systems: an overview. Polymers, 13(14), 2241-2268.
15. Puri, V., Sharma, A., Kumar, P., Singh, I. (2020). Thiolation of biopolymers for developing drug delivery systems with enhanced mechanical and mucoadhesive properties: a review. Polymers, 12(8), 1803-1830.
16. Varaprasad, K., Jayaramudu, T., Kanikireddy, V., Toro, C., Sadiku, E.R. (2020). Alginate-based composite materials for wound dressing application: a mini review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 236, 116025.
17. Kumar, A., Sah, D.K., Khanna, K., Rai, Y., Yadav, A.K., Ansari, M.S., Bhatt, A.N. (2023). A calcium and zinc composite alginate hydrogel for pre-hospital hemostasis and wound care. Carbohydrate Polymers, 299, 120186.
18. Zarei, N., Hassanzadeh-Tabrizi, S.A. (2023). Alginate/hyaluronic acid-based systems as a new generation of wound dressings: a review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 253, 127249.
19. Yuan, N., Shao, K., Huang, S., Chen, C. (2023). Chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid and other novel multifunctional hydrogel dressings for wound healing: a review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 240, 124321.
20. Gupta, A., Kowalczuk, M., Heaselgrave, W., Britland, S.T., Martin, C., Radecka, I. (2019). The production and application of hydrogels for wound management: a review. European Polymer Journal, 111, 134-151.
21. Travan, A., Scognamiglio, F., Borgogna, M., Marsich, E., Donati, I., Tarusha, L., Casagrande, C., Paoletti, S. (2016). Hyaluronan delivery by polymer demixing in polysaccharide-based hydrogels and membranes for biomedical applications. Carbohydrate Polymers, 150, 408-418.
22. Dissemond, J., Augustin, M., Eming, S.A., Goerge, T., Horn, T., Karrer, S., Kröger, K., Lange, A., Nink, M., Nowak, K., Stein, K., Working Group for Wound Healing (AGW) of the German Society of Dermatology (DDG). (2014). Modern wound care – practical aspects of non-interventional topical treatment of patients with chronic wounds. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 12(7), 541-554.
23. Abourehab, M.A.S., Rajendran, R.R., Singh, A., Pramanik, S., Shrivastav, P., Ansari, M.J., Manne, R., Amaral, L.S., Deepak, A. (2022). Alginate as a promising biopolymer in drug delivery and wound healing: a review of the state-of-the-art. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(16), 9035-9093.
24. Del Gaudio, P., Amante, C., Civale, R., Bizzarro, V., Petrella, A., Pepe, G., Campiglia, P., Russo, P., Aquino, R.P. (2020). In situ gelling alginate-pectin blend particles loaded with Ac2-26: a new weapon to improve wound care armamentarium. Carbohydrate Polymers, 227, 115305.
25. Zahra, D., Shokat, Z., Ahmad, A., Javaid, A., Khurshid, M., Ashfaq, U.A., Nashwan, A.J. (2023). Exploring the recent developments of alginate silk fibroin material for hydrogel wound dressing: a review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 248, 125989.
26. Abasalizadeh, F., Moghaddam, S.V., Alizadeh, E., Akbari, E., Kashani, E., Fazljou, S.M.B., Torbati, M., Akbarzadeh, A. (2020). Alginate-based hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles in cancer treatment and their applications in wound dressing and 3D bioprinting. Journal of Biological Engineering, 14(1), 8-32.
27. Ren, Y., Wang, Q., Xu, W., Yang, M., Guo, W., He, S., Liu, W. (2024). Alginate-based hydrogels mediated biomedical applications: a review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 279, 135019.
28. Astaneh, M.E., Hashemzadeh, A., Fereydouni, N. (2024). Recent advances in sodium alginate-based dressings for targeted drug delivery in diabetic wound healing. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 12, 10163-10197.
29. Bredenoord, A.J., Pandolfino, J.E., Smout, A.J. (2013). Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The Lancet, 381(9881), 1933-1942.
30. Wilkinson, J., Abd-Elaziz, K., den Daas, I., Wemer, J., van Haastert, M., Hodgkinson, V., Foster, M., Coyle, C. (2019). Two placebo-controlled crossover studies in healthy subjects to evaluate gastric acid neutralization by an alginate–antacid formulation (Gaviscon Double Action). Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 45(3), 430-438.
31. Deraman, M.A., Abdul Hafidz, M.I., Lawenko, R.M., Ma, Z.F., Wong, M.S., Coyle, C., Lee, Y.Y. (2020). Randomised clinical trial: the effectiveness of Gaviscon Advance vs non‐alginate antacid in suppression of acid pocket and post‐prandial reflux in obese individuals after late‐night supper. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 51(11), 1014-1021.