Lythrum salicaria L. Tohumlarının Morfolojik Özelliklerine Etki Eden İki Önemli Ekolojik Faktör: Tepe Tacı Kapalılığı ve Lokasyon
Year 2019,
, 298 - 308, 26.12.2019
Sema Leblebici
,
Mustafa Sabri Özyurt
Abstract
Bitkinin yayılış gösterdiği lokasyon ve
tepe tacı kapalılığı bitkinin vejetatif ve generatif gelişiminde farklılık
meydana getiren önemli ekolojik faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu
araştırmada Lythrum salicaria L. türünün Batı Anadolu’da yer alan ve üç farklı fitocoğrafik bölgeyi
temsil eden Kütahya, Eskişehir, Bilecik ve Antalya illerinde yayılış gösteren
populasyonlarının tohum ağırlığı ve tohumun en-boy uzunlukları ile lokasyon ve
tepe tacı kapalılığı arasındaki ilişkiler belirlenmiştir. Ortalama tepe tacı
kapalılığı en düşük olan Antalya ilinde (0.8±0.2) en ve boy uzunluğu en büyük
tohumlar (1219.6±4.6µm-519.4±3.6µm), tepe tacı kapalılığı en yüksek olan
Eskişehir ilinde (87.3±3.8) ise en ve boy uzunluğu en küçük tohumlar
(961.5±45.7µm-423.6±3.4µm) tespit edilmiştir. L. salicaria populasyonlarının tohum en ve boy uzunlukları ile tepe tacı kapalılığı
arasında negatif bir ilişki olduğu; tepe tacı kapalılığı azaldıkça bitkinin
ortalama tohum en ve boy uzunluğunun arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca L. salicaria populasyonlarının tohum en ve boy uzunlukları ile enlem koordinatları
arasında negatif bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir.
References
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Year 2019,
, 298 - 308, 26.12.2019
Sema Leblebici
,
Mustafa Sabri Özyurt
References
- [1] Mitsch, W. J. ve Gosselink, JM. “Wetlands”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York, ABD, 2000.
- [2] Shi, J., Macel, M., Tielbörger, K., ve Verhoeven, KJF., “Effects of Admixture in Native and Invasive Populations of Lythrum salicaria”, Biol Invasion, 20: 2381-2393, 2018.
- [3] Thompson, D., Stuckey, R. ve Thompson EB., “Spread, impact and control of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) in North America Wetlands”, United States Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Research 2, Washington, DC, 1987.
- [4] Flottum, K., “Loosing loosestrife”, Bee Culture, 7: 374-378, 1993.
- [5] Welling, CH. ve Becker, RL., “Reduction of purple loosestrife establishment in Minnesota Wetlands”, Wildlife Society Bulletin, 21: 56-65, 1993.
- [6] Fransworth, EJ. ve Ellis, DR., “Is purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) an invasive threat to freshwater wetlands? Conflicting evidence, from several ecological metrics”, Wetlands, 21: 199-209, 2001.
- [7] Chun, Y. J., Kim , C. G. ve Moloney, K. A., “Comparison of Life History Traits Between Invasive and Native Populations of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) Using Nonlinear Mixed Effects Model”, Aquatic Botany, vol. 93, pp. 221-226, 2010.
- [8] Colautti, R. I., White, N. A., Barret, S. C. H., “Variation of Self-Incompatibility within Invasive Populations of Purple Loosestrife from Eastern North America”, Int. J. Plant. Sci., vol. 171(2), pp. 158-166, 2010.
- [9] Middleton, BA., Travis, SE., Kubatova, B., Johnson, D. ve Edward, KR., “Morphology and genetics of Lytrum salicaria from Latitudinal Gradients of the Northern Hemisphere Grown in Cold and Hot Common Gardens”, Plos One, 3: 1-24, 2019.
- [10] Blossey, B. Skinner, L. C., Taylor, J., “Impact and management of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.) in North America”, Biodiversity and Conservation, vol. 10: 1787-1807, 2001.
- [11] Lindgren, CJ., Walker, D., “Growth Rate, Seed Production, and Assessing the Spatial Risk of Lythrum salicaria using Growing Degree-Days”, Wetlands, 32- 885-893, 2012.
- [12] Balogh, C. M., Barrett, S. C. H., “Genetic and Environmental Influences on Partial Self-Incompatibility in Lythrum salicaria (Lythraceae)”, Int. J. Plant. Sci., vol. 179(6), pp. 423-435, 2018.
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- [14] Malecki, RA., Blossey, B., Hight, SD., Schroeder, D., Kok, LT. ve Coulson, JR., “Biological control of purple loosestrife”, BioScience, 43: 680-686, 1993.
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- [17] Hager, SD. ve Mccoy, KD., “The implications of accepting untested hypotheses: A review of the effect of Lythrum salicaria in North America”, Biodiversity and Conservation, 7: 1069-1079, 1998.
- [18] Thomas, MB. Ve Willis, AJ., “Biocontrol-risky but necessary?”, Tree, 13: 325-329, 1998.
- [19] Gardner, SC., Grue, CE., Major, IWW. ve Conquest, LL., “Aquatic invertebrate communites associated with purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), cattail (Typha latifolia), and bulrush (Scirpus acutus) in Central Washington, USA”, Wetlands, 21: 593-601, 2001.
- [20] Katovich, EJS., Ragsdale, DW., Skineer, LC. ve Becker, RL., “Effect of Galerucella ssp. feeding on seed production in purple loosestrife”, Weed Science, 49: 190-194, 2001.
- [21] Davis, PH., Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands . Vol. 4, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, pp: 174-179, 1965.
- [22] Hills, B., The spherical densiometer revisited, A News Letter for Wildlife Habitat Managers, 6, 2-3, 1985.
- [23] JMP SAS., SAS Institute Inc., NC, USA, 1995.
- [24] Crone, E. E., Jones, C. G., “The dynamics of carbon-nutrient balance: Effects of cottonwood acclimation to short and long term shade of beetle feeding preferences”, J. of Chemical Ecology, vol. 25, pp. 635-656, 1999.
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- [26] Weihe, PE. ve Neely, RK., “The effect of shading on competition between purple loosestrife and broad-leaved cattail”, Aquatic Botany, 59: 127-138, 1997.
- [27] Young, JA. ve Clements, CD., “Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) seed germination”, Weed Technology, 15: 337-342, 2001.
- [28] Lönnberg, K. ve Eriksson, O., “Relationships Between Intra-specific Variation in Seed Size and Recruitment in Four Species in Two Contrasting Habitat”, Plant Biology, 15: 601-606, 2012.
- [29] Place, GT., Reberg-Horton, SC., Carter, TE. ve Smith, AN., “Effects of Soybean Seed Size on Weed Competition”, Agronomy Journal, 103(1): 175-181, 2011.
- [30] Türe, C., Akanıl, BN. ve Middleton, BA., “Characterization of the habitat of Lythrum salicaria L.’ın floodplain forests in western Turkey – effects on stem height and seed production”, Wetlands, 24: 711-716, 2004.
- [31] Graham, LE., Graham, JM. ve Wilcox, LW., “Bitki Biyolojisi”, Palme Yayıncılık, Yayın No: 283, pp. 344-398, Ankara-Türkiye, 2004.
- [32] Gökmen, S., “Genel Ekoloji”, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti., Yayın No: 37, pp. 40-83, Ankara-Türkiye, 2011.
- [33] Mauseth, JD., “Botanik Bitki Biyolojisine Giriş”, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Yayın No: 400, pp. 311-334, Ankara-Türkiye, 2012.
- [34] Dwiyanti, MS., Stewart, JR., Nishiwaki, A. ve Yamada, T., “Natural Variation in Miscanthus sinensis Seed Germination Under Low Temperatures”, Japanese Society of Grassland Science, 60: 194–198, 2014.
- [35] Edwards, KR., Kvet, J. ve Adams, MS., “Comparision of Lythrum salicaria L. study sites in the Midwest U. S. and Central Europe”, Ekologia, 18: 113-124, 1999.
- [36] Bingöl, N., “Batı Anadolu’da yayılış gösteren Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae)’nın taksonomik ve ekolojik özellikleri”, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir, 2002.
- [37] Ünal, M., “Bitki (Angiosperm) Embriyolojisi”, Marmara Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fak. Yayınları, Yayın No: 11, pp. 184-203, İstanbul-Türkiye, 2004.
- [38] Debieu, M., Tang, C., Stich, B., Sikosek, T., Effgen, S., Josephs, E., Schmitt, J., Nordborg, M., Koornneef, M. ve Meaux, J., “Co-Variation between Seed Dormancy, Growth Rate and Flowering Time Changes with Latitude in Arabidopsis thaliana”, Plos One, 2013, vol. 8(5), pp. 1-12.
- [39] Harker, KN., O’Donovan, JT., Smith, EN., Peng, JG., Willenborg, CJ., Gulden, RH., Mohr, R., Gill, KS. ve Grenkow, LA., “Seed Size and Seeding Rate Effects on Canola Emergence, Development, Yield and Seed Weight”, Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 95(1): 1-8, 2015.
- [40] Li, Z., Lu, W., Yang, L., Kong, X., Deng, X., “Seed Weight and Germination Behavior of the Submerged Plant Potamogeton pectinatus in the Arid Zone of Northwest China”, Ecology and Evolution, 5(7): 1504-1512, 2015.