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Foliar N and P Resorption in Invasive Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae) Species

Year 2020, , 35 - 50, 23.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.641833

Abstract

In this study, leaf N and P resorption levels of invasive Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
species were investigated during the development season. Resorption is the
mechanism by which nutrients are transported back to perennial tissues. This
mechanism is an important part of the nutrient cycling in trees and shrubs. Resorption
has been affected by nutrient concentration of habitat, plant species and using
strategies of nutrients. A. altissima
is both opportunistic and nutrient conservative strategy in terms of ecologically.
So, resorption should be evaluated together these factors. The study area was
selected as forested area in the Hendek district of Sakarya province where the disturbance
was effective. Similar areas in terms of vegetation and environmental
characteristics (soil, topography, etc.) were selected. Three individuals of A. altissima were identified from each
area and both leaf and soil samples were taken during the vegetation period.
According to the findings, the N resorption ability of the species was found to
be high and P resorption ability was close to the limit values. In addition, it
was found that different soil properties (nutrient content, pH and electrical
conductivity) did not adversely affect the amount of N resorption.

References

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  • Darrah, P.R. (1993). The rhizosphere and plant nutrition: a quantitative approach. Plant Soil, 155(156), 1–20.
  • Marschner, H. (2011). Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, 672.
  • Hinsinger, P. (1998). How do plant roots acquire mineral nutrients? Chemical processes involved in the rhizosphere. Advances in Agronomy, 64, 225–265.
  • Hagen-Thorn, A., Varnagiryte, I., Nihlgård, B., Armolaitis, K. (2006). Autumn nutrient resorption and losses in four deciduous forest tree species. Forest Ecology and Management, 228, 33-39.
  • Oleksyn, J., Reich, P.B., Zytkowıak, R., Karolewski, P., Tjoelker, M.G. (2002). Needle nutrients in geographically diverse Pinus sylvestris L. populations. Annals of Forest Science, 59, 1-18.
  • Ordoñez, J.C., Van Bodegom, P.M., Witte, J.P.M., Wright, I.J., Reich, P.B., Aerts, R. (2009). A global study of relationships between leaf traits, climate and soil measures of nutrient fertility. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 18(2), 137-149.
  • Maire, V., Wright, I.J., Prentice, I.C., Batjes, N.H., Bhaskar, R., van Bodegom, P.M., ... Reich, P.B. (2015). Global effects of soil and climate on leaf photosynthetic traits and rates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24(6), 706-717.
  • Güsewell, S., Koerselman, W. (2002). Variation in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of wetland plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 5, 37-61.
  • Olde Venterink, H., Wassen, M.J., Verkroost, A.W.M., De Ruiter, P.C. (2003). Species richness-productivity patterns differ between N, P, and K limited wetlands. Ecology, 84(8), 2191-2199.
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  • Vergutz, L., Manzoni, S., Porporato, A., Novais, R.F., Jackson, R.B. (2012). Global resorption efficiencies and concentrations of carbon and nutrients in leaves of terrestrial plants. Ecological Monographs, 82, 205-220.
  • Brant, A.N., Chen, H.Y. (2015). Patterns and mechanisms of nutrient resorption in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 34(5), 471-486.
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  • Grime, J.P. (1998). Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects. Journal of Ecology, 86(6), 902-910.
  • Wright, I.J., Reich, P.B., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Falster, D.S., Garnier, E., Hikosaka, K., Lamont, B.B., Lee, W., Oleksyn, J., Osada, N., Poorter, H., Villar, R., Warton, D.I., Westoby, M. (2005). Assessing the generality of global leaf trait relationships. New Phytologist, 166(2), 485-496.
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  • Reich, P.B., Wright, I.J., Cavender-Bares, J., Craine, J.M., Oleksyn, J., Westoby, M., Walters, M.B. (2003). The evolution of plant functional variation: traits, spectra, and strategies. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 164(S3), 143-164.
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İstilacı Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae) Türünün Yaprak N ve P Rezorbsiyonu

Year 2020, , 35 - 50, 23.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.641833

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, istilacı Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
türünün gelişme mevsimi boyunca yaprak N ve P rezorbsiyon düzeyleri
araştırılmıştır. Rezorbsiyon, besin maddelerinin çok yıllık dokulara yeniden
taşınma mekanizmasıdır. Bu mekanizma ağaç ve çalılarda besin maddesi döngüsünün
önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Rezorbsiyon, yetişme ortamının besin içeriği,
bitki türü ve besin maddelerinin kullanım stratejilerinden etkilenmektedir. A.
altissima ekolojik açıdan hem fırsatçı hem de besin koruma stratejisine sahip
bir türdür. Bu nedenle rezorbsiyon olayının bu özelliklerle birlikte
değerlendirilmesi gerekir. Çalışma alanı olarak

Sakarya
ili Hendek ilçesinde tahribatın etkili olduğu ormanlık alan seçilmiştir. Vejetasyon
ve çevresel özellikler (toprak, topoğrafik vb.) bakımından benzer alanlar
seçilmiştir. Her alandan 3
A.
altissima
birey tespit edilip, vejetasyon dönemi boyunca hem
yaprak hem de toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre türün N
rezorbsiyon yeteneğinin yüksek düzeyde, P rezorbsiyon yeteneğinin ise sınır
değerlere yakın olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca farklı toprak özelliklerinin (besin
içeriği, pH ve elektriksel iletkenlik) N rezorbsiyon miktarını olumsuz
etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Vitousek, P, (1982). Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency. American Naturalist, 119, 553-572.
  • Aerts, R. (1996). Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of perennials: are there general patterns? Journal of Ecology, 84, 597-608.
  • Aerts, R., Chapin, F.S. (2000). The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited: A re-evaluation of processes and patterns. Advances of Ecological Research, 30, 1-67.
  • Chabot, B.F., Hicks, D.J. (1982). The ecology of leaf life span. Annual Review of Ecology Systematics, 13, 229-259.
  • Lin, P., Wang, W. (2001). Changes in the leaf composition, leaf mass and leaf area during leaf senescence in three species of mangroves. Ecological Engineering, 16, 415-424.
  • Tecimen, H.B., Makineci, E. (2007). Ağaçlarda besin maddelerinin yeniden taşınması olayı ve ekolojik yönü. SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 134-145.
  • Darrah, P.R. (1993). The rhizosphere and plant nutrition: a quantitative approach. Plant Soil, 155(156), 1–20.
  • Marschner, H. (2011). Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, 672.
  • Hinsinger, P. (1998). How do plant roots acquire mineral nutrients? Chemical processes involved in the rhizosphere. Advances in Agronomy, 64, 225–265.
  • Hagen-Thorn, A., Varnagiryte, I., Nihlgård, B., Armolaitis, K. (2006). Autumn nutrient resorption and losses in four deciduous forest tree species. Forest Ecology and Management, 228, 33-39.
  • Oleksyn, J., Reich, P.B., Zytkowıak, R., Karolewski, P., Tjoelker, M.G. (2002). Needle nutrients in geographically diverse Pinus sylvestris L. populations. Annals of Forest Science, 59, 1-18.
  • Ordoñez, J.C., Van Bodegom, P.M., Witte, J.P.M., Wright, I.J., Reich, P.B., Aerts, R. (2009). A global study of relationships between leaf traits, climate and soil measures of nutrient fertility. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 18(2), 137-149.
  • Maire, V., Wright, I.J., Prentice, I.C., Batjes, N.H., Bhaskar, R., van Bodegom, P.M., ... Reich, P.B. (2015). Global effects of soil and climate on leaf photosynthetic traits and rates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24(6), 706-717.
  • Güsewell, S., Koerselman, W. (2002). Variation in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of wetland plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 5, 37-61.
  • Olde Venterink, H., Wassen, M.J., Verkroost, A.W.M., De Ruiter, P.C. (2003). Species richness-productivity patterns differ between N, P, and K limited wetlands. Ecology, 84(8), 2191-2199.
  • Kobe, R.K., Lepczyk, C.A., Iyer, M. (2005). Resorption efficiency decreases with increasing green leaf nutrients in a global data set. Ecology, 86, 2780-2792.
  • Vergutz, L., Manzoni, S., Porporato, A., Novais, R.F., Jackson, R.B. (2012). Global resorption efficiencies and concentrations of carbon and nutrients in leaves of terrestrial plants. Ecological Monographs, 82, 205-220.
  • Brant, A.N., Chen, H.Y. (2015). Patterns and mechanisms of nutrient resorption in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 34(5), 471-486.
  • Huston, M.A. (2012). Precipitation, soils, NPP, and biodiversity: Resurrection of Albrecht’s curve. Ecological Monographs, 82, 277–296.
  • Anacker, B.L. (2011). Phylogenetic patterns of endemism and diversity. University of California Press, Berkeley, 49-70.
  • Drenovsky, R.E., Koehler, C.E., Skelly, K., Richards, J.H. (2013). Potential and realized nutrient resorption in serpentine and non-serpentine chaparral shrubs and trees. Oecologia, 171, 39-50.
  • Eckstein, R.L., Karlsson, P.S., Weih, M. (1999). Leaf life span and nutrient resorption as determinants of plant nutrient conservation in temperate‐arctic regions. New Phytologist, 143, 177-189.
  • Yuan, Z., Chen, H.Y.H. (2009). Global trends in senesced-leaf nitrogen and phosphorus. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 18, 532-542.
  • Wang, G. (2007). Leaf trait co-variation, respond and effect in a chronosequence. Journal of Vegetation Science, 18(4), 563-570.
  • Reich, P.B., Walters, M.B., Ellsworth, D.S. (1992). Leaf lifespan in relation to leaf, plant, and stand characteristics among diverse ecosystems. Ecological Monographs, 62, 365-392.
  • Cornelissen, J.H.C., Lavorel, S., Garnier, E., Diaz, S., Buchmann, N., Gurvich, D.E., Reich, P.B., ter Steege, H., Morgan, H.D., van der Heijden, M.G.A., Pausas, J.G., Poorter, H. (2003). A handbook of protocols for standardized and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Australian Journal of Botany, 51(4), 335-380.
  • Grime, J.P. (1998). Benefits of plant diversity to ecosystems: immediate, filter and founder effects. Journal of Ecology, 86(6), 902-910.
  • Wright, I.J., Reich, P.B., Cornelissen, J.H.C., Falster, D.S., Garnier, E., Hikosaka, K., Lamont, B.B., Lee, W., Oleksyn, J., Osada, N., Poorter, H., Villar, R., Warton, D.I., Westoby, M. (2005). Assessing the generality of global leaf trait relationships. New Phytologist, 166(2), 485-496.
  • Keddy, P.A. (2001). Competition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 552.
  • Reich, P.B., Wright, I.J., Cavender-Bares, J., Craine, J.M., Oleksyn, J., Westoby, M., Walters, M.B. (2003). The evolution of plant functional variation: traits, spectra, and strategies. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 164(S3), 143-164.
  • Westoby, M., Wright, I.J. (2006). Land-plant ecology on the basis of functional traits. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 21, 261.
  • Distel, R.A., Moretto, A.S., Didoné, N.G. (2003). Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves in two Stipa species native to Central Argentina. Austral Ecology, 28, 210-215.
  • Killingbeck, K.T. (1996). Nutrients in senesced leaves: keys to the search for potential resorption and resorption proficiency. Ecology, 77, 1716-1727.
  • Killingbeck, K.T. (2004). Nutrient resorption plant . (In: Plant Cell Death and Related Processes, Ed.: L D. Nooden). Academic Press, San Diego, 215–226.
  • Albouchi, F., Hassen, I., Casabianca, H. (2013). Phytochemicals, antioxidant,antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle leaves. South African Journal of Botany, 87, 164–174.
  • Harris, P.T., Cannon, G.H., Smith, N.E., Muth, N.Z. (2013). Assessment of plantcommunity restoration following Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) control by Verticillium albo-atrum. Biological Invasions, 15, 1887-1893.
  • Knüsel, S., Conedera, M., Rigling, A., Fonti, P., Wunder, J. (2015). A tree-ring perspective on the invasion of Ailanthus altissima in protection forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 354, 334–343.
  • Meng, P.P., Pei, H.Y., Hu, W.R., Liu, Z.D., Li, X.Q., Xu, H.Z., 2015. Allelopathic effectsof Ailanthus altissima extracts on Microcystis aeruginosa growth, physiological changes and microcystins release. Chemosphere, 141, 219-226.
  • Milla, R., Maestro-Martínez, M., Montserrat-Martí, G. (2004). Seasonal branch nutrient dynamics in two Mediterranean woody shrubs with contrasted phenology. Annals of Botany, 93, 671-680.
  • Bremner, J.M. (1960). Determination of nitrogen in soil by the Kjeldahl method. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 55(1), 11-33.
  • Allen S.E., Grimshaw H.M., Parkinson J.A., Quarmby C., Roberts J.D. (1986). Chemical Analysis, in: Chapman S.B. (Ed.), Methods in Plant Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 411-466.
  • Balkovič, J., Kollár, J., Šimonovič, V. (2012). Experience with using Ellenberg’s R indicator values in Slovakia: Oligotrophic and mesotrophic submontane broad-leaved forests. Biologia, 67(3), 474-482.
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There are 73 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Burak Sürmen 0000-0002-4055-613X

Publication Date March 23, 2020
Submission Date November 2, 2019
Acceptance Date February 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Sürmen, B. (2020). İstilacı Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae) Türünün Yaprak N ve P Rezorbsiyonu. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(100. Yıl Özel Sayı), 35-50. https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.641833

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