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Irrigation Water Quality in Selected Water Bodies of East Mediterranean Basin of Turkey

Year 2022, , 1 - 8, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.947290

Abstract

Turkey is a country that has available climate conditions and water sources utilizable for agriculture. Most surface waters in the country can be applicable for irrigation purposes. Electrical conductivity (EC) is a measure of the salinity of the irrigation water, while salinity can also be directly measured in ppm. High salinity water prevents the water supply of the plant roots due to the high osmotic pressure, in other words reduces the availability of irrigation water. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is an indicator of the quality of the irrigation water that is a measure of the sodium amount relative to calcium and magnesium amounts. High SAR values in the irrigation water result in impermeability in the soil meanly infiltration problems following a decrease in the water supply by the crop. In this study, four selected surface waters from the East Mediterranean Basin were chosen to evaluate their availability for the purpose of irrigation. Since the East Mediterranean Basin is a productive land due to its climatic conditions, monitoring the quality of the irrigation water of the basin becomes crucial. The selected surface water bodies were analyzed at three-month intervals between 2015 and 2019. The salinity and alkalinity classes were found to be C2-S1 which corresponds to good irrigation water quality and can be used to irrigate all types of plants.

Supporting Institution

General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works

Thanks

I would like to thank the 4th Regional Directorate of DSI (General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works) for their contribution in the laboratory and field studies.

References

  • Zeder, M.A. (2008). Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 105, 11597-11604.
  • Djaman, K., Balde, A., Rudnick, D., Ndiaye, O., & Irmak, S. (2017). Long-term trend analysis in climate variables and agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change in the Senegal River Basin. International Journal of Climatology, 37, 2873-2888.
  • Ghimire, R., Bista, P., & Machado, S. (2019). Long-term Management Effects and Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Carbon in Grassland and Agricultural Soils. Scientific Report, 9, 12151-12161.
  • Fang, J., & Su, Y. (2019). Effects of Soils and Irrigation Volume on Maize Yield, Irrigation Water Productivity, and Nitrogen Uptake. Scientific Report, 9, 7740-7751.
  • Bueno, M. M., Dos Santos Leles, P.S., Goncalves Abreu, J.F., Dos Santos, J.J.S., & de Carvalho, D.F. (2020). Water requirement and growth indicators of forest tree species seedlings produced with automated irrigation management. PLoS One, 15(11), e0238677.
  • Liu, J., Hu, T., Feng, P., Wang, L., & Yang, S. (2019). Tomato yield and water use efficiency change with various soil moisture and potassium levels during different growth stages. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213643.
  • Ye, S., Han, J., & Liu, T. (2019). Determination of optimum irrigation strategies and effect of drip irrigation system on growth and water use efficiency of pear jujube in Loess Hilly region of northern Shaanxi. PLoS One, 14(8), e0221925.
  • Lu, Q., Liang, S., & Xu, X. (2018). Classification and Estimation of Irrigation Waters Based on Remote Sensing Images: Case Study in Yucheng City (China). Sustainability, 10(10), 1-12.
  • Farhangi-Abriz, S., & Ghassemi-Golezani, K. (2021). Changes in soil properties and salt tolerance of safflower in response to biochar-based metal oxide nanocomposites of magnesium and manganese. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 211, 111904.
  • Adamu, G. K. (2013). Quality of irrigation water and soil characteristics of Watari irrigation project. American Journal of Engineering Research, 2, 59-68.
  • van Zelm, E., Zhang, Y., & Testerink, C. (2020). Salt Tolerance Mechanisms of Plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 71, 403-433.
  • Pan, N., Chen, W. P., Jiao, W. T., Zhao, Z. M., & Hou, Z. A. (2012). Soil salinity in greenland irrigated with reclaimed water and risk assessment. Huan Jing Ke Xue, 33(12), 4088-4093.
  • Topak, R., & Acar, B. (2010). Agriculture and Water Resources of Karaman: Potential, Water Use in Agriculture andReasons of Water Problems on Konya Basin. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 3(1), 1-5.
  • Todd, D. K. & Mays, L. W. (2005). Groundwater Hydrology Edition: 3rd. John Wiley and Sons, 656.
  • Shahid, S.A. & Mahmoudi, H. (2014). National strategy to improve plant and animal production in the United Arab Emirates. Soil and water resources Annexes, 113-131.
  • Topcu, E. (2016). Çanakkale–Biga Ovası Yer Altı Su Kalitesinin Sulama Suyu Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Master Thesis, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çanakkale.
  • Altın, R. (2019). Muğla-Dalaman Yöresi Sulama Sularının Sulama Suyu Kalitelerinin Belirlenmesi ve Mevsimsel Değişiminin İncelenmesi. Master Thesis, Akdeniz University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Antalya.
  • Kaplan, G. (2020). Kütahya-Alayunt Köyü Tarım Arazilerindeki Su Kaynaklarının Sulama Suyu Kalitesi Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi. Master Thesis, Selçuk University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Konya.
  • Gökcekli, C. (2017). Karabük ve Çevresindeki Yeraltı Sularının İçme Suyu ve Sulama Suyu Açısından Kullanılabilirliğinin İncelemesi. Master Thesis, Karabük University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Karabük.
  • Sarcan, A. (2008). Konya İli Hadim İlçesi Kullanım Sularının Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi ve Dezenfeksiyon Yönteminin Etkinliğinin Araştırılması. Master Thesis, Selçuk University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Konya.
  • Dorak, S. (2015). Nilüfer Çayı ve Nilüfer Çayı'na Deşarj Edilen Kimi Arıtma Tesisi Atık Sularının Sulama Suyu Kalite Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi. Master Thesis, Uludağ University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bursa.

Türkiye Doğu Akdeniz Havzasının Seçilmiş Su Kütlelerinde Sulama Suyu Kalitesi

Year 2022, , 1 - 8, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.947290

Abstract

Türkiye, elverişli iklim koşullarına ve tarım için kullanılabilecek su kaynaklarına sahip bir ülkedir. Ülkedeki yüzey sularının çoğu sulama amaçlı kullanılabilir. Elektrik iletkenliği (EC), sulama suyunun tuzluluğunun bir ölçüsüdür, tuzluluk da doğrudan ppm cinsinden ölçülebilir. Yüksek tuzlu su, yüksek ozmotik basınç nedeniyle bitki köklerinin su beslemesini engellemekte, bu da sulama suyunun etkinliğini azaltmaktadır. Kalsiyum ve magnezyum miktarlarına göre sodyum miktarının bir ölçüsü olan Sodyum adsorpsiyon oranı (SAR), sulama suyunun kalitesinin bir göstergesidir. Sulama suyundaki yüksek SAR değerleri, infiltrasyon diye bilinen toprakta geçirimsizlik sorununa ve ürünün su alımında azalma oluşmasına yol açar. Bu çalışmada, Doğu Akdeniz Havzasından seçilen dört yüzey suyu, sulama amacıyla kullanılabilirliklerini değerlendirmek için seçilmiştir. Doğu Akdeniz Havzası, iklim koşulları nedeniyle verimli bir arazi olduğundan, havzanın sulama suyunun kalitesinin izlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Seçilen yüzey suyu kütleleri 2015 ile 2019 yılları arasında üç aylık aralıklarla analiz edilmiştir. Tuzluluk ve alkalinite sınıfları, iyi sulama suyu kalitesine karşılık gelen ve her tür bitkiyi sulamak için kullanılabilen C2-S1 olarak bulunmuştur.

References

  • Zeder, M.A. (2008). Domestication and early agriculture in the Mediterranean Basin: Origins, diffusion, and impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 105, 11597-11604.
  • Djaman, K., Balde, A., Rudnick, D., Ndiaye, O., & Irmak, S. (2017). Long-term trend analysis in climate variables and agricultural adaptation strategies to climate change in the Senegal River Basin. International Journal of Climatology, 37, 2873-2888.
  • Ghimire, R., Bista, P., & Machado, S. (2019). Long-term Management Effects and Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Carbon in Grassland and Agricultural Soils. Scientific Report, 9, 12151-12161.
  • Fang, J., & Su, Y. (2019). Effects of Soils and Irrigation Volume on Maize Yield, Irrigation Water Productivity, and Nitrogen Uptake. Scientific Report, 9, 7740-7751.
  • Bueno, M. M., Dos Santos Leles, P.S., Goncalves Abreu, J.F., Dos Santos, J.J.S., & de Carvalho, D.F. (2020). Water requirement and growth indicators of forest tree species seedlings produced with automated irrigation management. PLoS One, 15(11), e0238677.
  • Liu, J., Hu, T., Feng, P., Wang, L., & Yang, S. (2019). Tomato yield and water use efficiency change with various soil moisture and potassium levels during different growth stages. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213643.
  • Ye, S., Han, J., & Liu, T. (2019). Determination of optimum irrigation strategies and effect of drip irrigation system on growth and water use efficiency of pear jujube in Loess Hilly region of northern Shaanxi. PLoS One, 14(8), e0221925.
  • Lu, Q., Liang, S., & Xu, X. (2018). Classification and Estimation of Irrigation Waters Based on Remote Sensing Images: Case Study in Yucheng City (China). Sustainability, 10(10), 1-12.
  • Farhangi-Abriz, S., & Ghassemi-Golezani, K. (2021). Changes in soil properties and salt tolerance of safflower in response to biochar-based metal oxide nanocomposites of magnesium and manganese. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 211, 111904.
  • Adamu, G. K. (2013). Quality of irrigation water and soil characteristics of Watari irrigation project. American Journal of Engineering Research, 2, 59-68.
  • van Zelm, E., Zhang, Y., & Testerink, C. (2020). Salt Tolerance Mechanisms of Plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 71, 403-433.
  • Pan, N., Chen, W. P., Jiao, W. T., Zhao, Z. M., & Hou, Z. A. (2012). Soil salinity in greenland irrigated with reclaimed water and risk assessment. Huan Jing Ke Xue, 33(12), 4088-4093.
  • Topak, R., & Acar, B. (2010). Agriculture and Water Resources of Karaman: Potential, Water Use in Agriculture andReasons of Water Problems on Konya Basin. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 3(1), 1-5.
  • Todd, D. K. & Mays, L. W. (2005). Groundwater Hydrology Edition: 3rd. John Wiley and Sons, 656.
  • Shahid, S.A. & Mahmoudi, H. (2014). National strategy to improve plant and animal production in the United Arab Emirates. Soil and water resources Annexes, 113-131.
  • Topcu, E. (2016). Çanakkale–Biga Ovası Yer Altı Su Kalitesinin Sulama Suyu Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Master Thesis, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çanakkale.
  • Altın, R. (2019). Muğla-Dalaman Yöresi Sulama Sularının Sulama Suyu Kalitelerinin Belirlenmesi ve Mevsimsel Değişiminin İncelenmesi. Master Thesis, Akdeniz University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Antalya.
  • Kaplan, G. (2020). Kütahya-Alayunt Köyü Tarım Arazilerindeki Su Kaynaklarının Sulama Suyu Kalitesi Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi. Master Thesis, Selçuk University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Konya.
  • Gökcekli, C. (2017). Karabük ve Çevresindeki Yeraltı Sularının İçme Suyu ve Sulama Suyu Açısından Kullanılabilirliğinin İncelemesi. Master Thesis, Karabük University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Karabük.
  • Sarcan, A. (2008). Konya İli Hadim İlçesi Kullanım Sularının Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi ve Dezenfeksiyon Yönteminin Etkinliğinin Araştırılması. Master Thesis, Selçuk University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Konya.
  • Dorak, S. (2015). Nilüfer Çayı ve Nilüfer Çayı'na Deşarj Edilen Kimi Arıtma Tesisi Atık Sularının Sulama Suyu Kalite Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi. Master Thesis, Uludağ University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bursa.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sevtap Karakurt 0000-0001-7211-1285

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date June 3, 2021
Acceptance Date January 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Karakurt, S. (2022). Irrigation Water Quality in Selected Water Bodies of East Mediterranean Basin of Turkey. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.947290