An Assessment of The Raw Materials, as Well as Turkiye's Potential in Lithium-ion Battery Production

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 204 - 217, 31.05.2024

Mehmet Feryat Gülcan Engin Alkan Osman Çotuker Neslihan Yuca Doğdu

https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.1294057

Abstract

Reducing the carbon footprint is one of the most important criteria for a sustainable (Green) world. Especially, since the Industrial Revolution, carbon emissions in the world have been increasing rapidly due to the consumption of fossil energy sources. The replacement of fossil fuels is based on renewable energy sources. However, despite the innovative studies on renewable systems, energy storage systems are needed for the management of the energy it produces. Although new ion technologies are being researched, lithium-ion battery technology has started to be used in almost all portable vehicles/devices, especially after it was commercialized for the first time in 1991. In addition, one of the most important parts of the carbon-free energy movement is energy storage devices. However, when the raw materials used are examined, it is predicted that there will be supply problems in lithium-ion batteries. It is foreseen that bottlenecks will occur, especially since the production of materials such as cobalt, lithium and graphite belong to the limited number of countries. Especially the recent Covid-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War have created problems in supply chains. At this point, Turkey comes to the fore with its geopolitical position, manpower and raw material opportunities. There are production of non-ferrous metals in Turkey. However, when Turkish Metal data and London Metal Exchange data are compared, it is seen that exports are made at the same price. This is an indication that the added value of the products sold is low. However, in order to increase the added value, the production of high-technology products will increase the economic volume of exports and help the country reach its potential.

Keywords

Lithium Ion Battery, Raw Materials, Turkey

Lityum İyon Batarya Üretiminde Kullanılan Hammaddelerin İncelemesi ve Türkiye’nin Batarya Üretim Potansiyelinin İrdelenmesi

Abstract

Sürdürülebilir (Yeşil) bir dünya için gereken en önemli kıstaslardan biri de karbon ayak izinin azaltılmasıdır. Özellikle Sanayi Devriminden itibaren Dünyada karbon salınımı fosil enerji kaynakları ile enerji elde edilmesinden ötürü hızla artmaktadır. Fosil yakıtların ikamesi yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına dayanmaktadır. Ancak yenilenebilir sistemler üzerine yenilikçi çalışmalar yapılmasına karşın, ürettiği enerjinin yönetimi konusunda enerji depolama sistemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Her ne kadar yeni iyon teknolojileri araştırılsa da lityum iyon batarya teknolojisi özellikle 1991 yılında ilk defa ticarileşmesinden sonraki 15 yıl içerisinde neredeyse tüm taşınabilir araç/cihazlarda kullanılmaktadır ve kullanımına devam edilmektedir. Ayrıca karbonsuz enerji hareketinin en önemli parçalarından biride enerji depolama gereçleridir. Fakat kullanılan hammaddeler incelendiğinde lityum iyon bataryaların üretiminde tedarik problemlerinin yaşanacağı ön görülmektedir. Özellikle kobalt, lityum ve grafit gibi malzemelerin üretimlerinin belli başlı ülkelere ait olması sebebiyle darboğazların gerçekleşeceği tahmin edilmektedir. Özellikle yakın geçmişte gerçekleşen Covid-19 ve Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı, tedarik zincirlerinde problem yaratmıştır. Bu noktada özellikle Türkiye jeopolitik konumu, insan gücü ve hammadde imkanları ile ön plana çıkmaktadır. Türkiye’de demir dışı metallerin üretimi mevcuttur. Fakat Türk Metal verileri ile Londra Metal Borsasının verileri kıyaslandığında aynı fiyattan ihracat yapıldığı görülmektedir. Buda satılan ürünlerin katma değerinin düşük olduğunun göstergesidir. Ancak katma değeri arttırabilmek adına yüksek teknoloji ürünlerinin üretilmesi yapılan ihracatın ekonomik hacmini de artırıp ülkenin potansiyeline ulaşmasına yardımcı olacaktır.

Keywords

Lityum iyon batarya, hammaddeler, Türkiye

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