Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Güç Dengesi Teorisi Perspektifinden Birleşmiş Milletler

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 575 - 601, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.592734

Abstract

Güç
Dengesi Teorisi, birçok konu ve/veya sorun kapsamında araştırmalara ve
çalışmalara teorik ve kavramsal çerçeve sunmuştur. Klasik bağlamda devletler
arası ilişkiler ve özellikle XIX. yüzyıl Avrupası bu bakımdan teorinin önemli
inceleme alanlarından birisi olmuştur. Diğer taraftan, güç dengesinin çok
çeşitli adlandırmalar, tanımlamalar ya da sınıflandırmalar altında incelendiği
görülmektedir. Ancak literatürdeki güç dengesi analizlerinden yapılacak bir
çıkarsama ile genel olarak güç dengesi şu şekilde aktarılabilir: Aktörlerin güç
kapasitesi ve güç durumları açısından birbirlerine karşı üstünlük kurmalarına
engel olmaya çalışmaları ve bu kapsamda aktörlerin izledikleri politikalar
olarak ifade edilebilir. Söz konusu bakış açısı, uluslararası ilişkiler ve
uluslararası politika bakımından, sadece devletler arasında değil aynı zamanda
pek çok konu ve alan ya da aktör düzeyinde ele alınabilir. Fakat bu çalışmada
teorinin çok tercih edilmediği uluslararası örgütler düzeyi incelenecektir. Bu
kapsamda Birleşmiş Milletler, Güç Dengesi Teorisi perspektifinden bakılarak ele
alınacaktır. Çalışmada BM’nin devletler tarafından nasıl ve hangi politikalarla
bir güç dengesi aracı olarak görüldüğü ve kullanıldığı irdelenecektir.

References

  • 1-Baehr P. R., Gordenker, L. (2005) The United Nations: Reality and Ideal, 4. Baskı, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • 2-Bailey S. D., Daws, S. (1995) The United Nations A Concise Political Guide, 3. Baskı, Macmillan Press, London.
  • 3-Brooks, S. G., Wohlforth, W. C. (2005) “Hard Times for Soft Balancing”, International Security, C. 30, S. 1, ss. 72-108.
  • 4-Claude, I. L., Jr. (1962) Power and international relations, Random House, New York.
  • 5-Claude, I. L., Jr. (1989) “The balance of power revisited”, Review of International Studies, C. 15, S. 2, ss. 77–85.
  • 6-Chatterjee, P. (1972) “The Classical Balance of Power Theory”, Journal of Peace Research, C. 9, S. 1, ss. 51-61.
  • 7-Danilovic, V. (2005) When the Stakes Are High Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers, The University of Michigan Press, Michigan.
  • 8-Duchêne, A. (2008) Ideologies across Nations: The Construction of Linguistic Minorities at the United Nations, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin.
  • 9-Gordon, J. (2014) “The United Nations Security Council and the Emerging Crisis of Legitimacy”, Yale Journal of International Affairs, C. 9, S. 1, ss. 40-47.
  • 10-Haas, E. B. (1953) “The Balance of Power: Prescription, Concept, or Propaganda”, World Politics, C. 5, S. 4, ss. 442-477.
  • 11-Kaplan, M. A. (1957) “Balance of Power, Bipolarity and Other Models of International Systems”, The American Political Science Review, C. 51, S. 3, ss. 684-695.
  • 12-Keskin, F. (2002) “New Challenges Facing the United Nations”, Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, C. 33, ss. 271-284.
  • 13-Latif, D. (2000) “United Nations’ Changing Role in the Post-Cold War Era”, The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, C. 30, ss. 23-66.
  • 14-Lim, C. L. (2007) “The Great Power Balance, the United Nations and What the Framers Intended: In Partial Response to Hans Köchler”, Chinese Journal of International Law, C. 6, S. 2, ss. 307-328.
  • 15-Little, R. (2007) The Balance of Power in International Relations: Metaphors, Myths and Models, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • 16-Lupu, Y. (2006) “Rules, Gaps and Power: Assessing Reform of the U.N. Charter”, Berkeley Journal of International Law, C. 24, S. 3, ss. 881-907.
  • 17-Mearsheimer, J. J. (2013) “Structural Realism”, Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki ve Steve Smith (Ed.); International Relations Theories Discipline and Diversity, 3. Baskı, Oxford University Press, Oxford, ss. 77-93.
  • 18-Morgenthau, H. J. (1948) Politics Among Nations The Struggle For Power, Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
  • 19-Pape, R. A. (2005) “Soft Balancing against the United States”, International Security, C. 30, S. 1, ss. 7-45.
  • 20-Pijovic, N. (2012) “The Relative Gains Theorem and the Stalling United Nations Security Council Membership Reform”, Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, C. 11, S. 4, ss. 32-41.
  • 21-Roskin, M. G., Berry, N. O. (2014) Uluslararası İlişkiler: Uİ’nin Yeni Dünyası (Çev. Özlem Şimşek), 1. Baskı, Adres Yayınları, Ankara.
  • 22-Rudd, K. (2016) “UN 2030: Rebuilding Order in a Fragmenting World”, International Peace Institute, ss. 1-74. https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/IPI-ICM-UN-2030-Chairs-Report2FINAL.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2019).
  • 23-Russell, R. B. (1970) ““Power Politics” and the United Nations”, International Journal, C. 25, S. 2, ss. 321-332.
  • 24-Schweller, R. L. (2016) The Balance of Power in World Politics, https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-119?print=pdf ss. 1-20, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2019)
  • 25-Sengupta, S. (2017) The United Nations Explained: Its Purpose, Power and Problems, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/17/world/americas/united-nations-un-explainer.html (Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2019).
  • 26-Sheehan, M. (1996) The Balance of Power History and Theory, Routledge, New York.
  • 27-Shraideh, S. A. (2017) “The Security Council’s Veto in the Balance”, Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, C. 58, ss. 135-145.
  • 28-Thérien, J-P. (2015) “The United Nations Ideology: From Ideas to Global Policies”, Journal of Political Ideologies, C. 20, S. 3, ss. 221-243.29-Walt, S. (1985) “Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power”, International Security, C. 9, S. 4, ss. 3-43.
  • 30-Wight, M. (1966) “The Balance of Power”, Herbert Butterfield, Martin Wight (Ed.); Diplomatic Investigations Essays in the Theory of International Relations, Cambridge, Harward University Press, Massachusetts, ss. 149-175.
  • 31-Zinnes, D. A. (1967) “An Analytical Study of the Balance of Power Theories”, Journal of Peace Research, C. 4, S. 3, ss. 270-287.

From The Balance of Power Theory Perspective The United Nations

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 575 - 601, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.592734

Abstract

Balance of Power
Theory provides theoretical and conceptual framework for researches and studies
in many subjects and/or problems. In general, when the studies in the
literature are taken into consideration, it is seen that this theory treats the
balance of power, as a form of power that emerges as a result of the policies
pursued in order to maintain or change the distribution of power in the system
between states or alliances. When the study areas of the theory are examined;
inter-state relations in the classical context and especially Europe in the
XIX. century have become one of the important fields of the study. On the other
hand, in terms of international relations and international politics, this
perspective can be addressed not only among states but also at the level of a
wide range of topics, areas or actors. In this study; the level of
international organizations where theory is not preferred much will be
examined. In this context, the United Nations will be examined from the
perspective of Balance of Power Theory. In this study, the role and function of
the UN in terms of balance of power will be questioned. During this
questioning, both the Cold War period of the organization and the post-Cold War
period of the organization will be examined. In addition, it will examine which
policies that the UN is used as a balance of power by the states.

References

  • 1-Baehr P. R., Gordenker, L. (2005) The United Nations: Reality and Ideal, 4. Baskı, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • 2-Bailey S. D., Daws, S. (1995) The United Nations A Concise Political Guide, 3. Baskı, Macmillan Press, London.
  • 3-Brooks, S. G., Wohlforth, W. C. (2005) “Hard Times for Soft Balancing”, International Security, C. 30, S. 1, ss. 72-108.
  • 4-Claude, I. L., Jr. (1962) Power and international relations, Random House, New York.
  • 5-Claude, I. L., Jr. (1989) “The balance of power revisited”, Review of International Studies, C. 15, S. 2, ss. 77–85.
  • 6-Chatterjee, P. (1972) “The Classical Balance of Power Theory”, Journal of Peace Research, C. 9, S. 1, ss. 51-61.
  • 7-Danilovic, V. (2005) When the Stakes Are High Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers, The University of Michigan Press, Michigan.
  • 8-Duchêne, A. (2008) Ideologies across Nations: The Construction of Linguistic Minorities at the United Nations, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin.
  • 9-Gordon, J. (2014) “The United Nations Security Council and the Emerging Crisis of Legitimacy”, Yale Journal of International Affairs, C. 9, S. 1, ss. 40-47.
  • 10-Haas, E. B. (1953) “The Balance of Power: Prescription, Concept, or Propaganda”, World Politics, C. 5, S. 4, ss. 442-477.
  • 11-Kaplan, M. A. (1957) “Balance of Power, Bipolarity and Other Models of International Systems”, The American Political Science Review, C. 51, S. 3, ss. 684-695.
  • 12-Keskin, F. (2002) “New Challenges Facing the United Nations”, Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, C. 33, ss. 271-284.
  • 13-Latif, D. (2000) “United Nations’ Changing Role in the Post-Cold War Era”, The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, C. 30, ss. 23-66.
  • 14-Lim, C. L. (2007) “The Great Power Balance, the United Nations and What the Framers Intended: In Partial Response to Hans Köchler”, Chinese Journal of International Law, C. 6, S. 2, ss. 307-328.
  • 15-Little, R. (2007) The Balance of Power in International Relations: Metaphors, Myths and Models, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • 16-Lupu, Y. (2006) “Rules, Gaps and Power: Assessing Reform of the U.N. Charter”, Berkeley Journal of International Law, C. 24, S. 3, ss. 881-907.
  • 17-Mearsheimer, J. J. (2013) “Structural Realism”, Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki ve Steve Smith (Ed.); International Relations Theories Discipline and Diversity, 3. Baskı, Oxford University Press, Oxford, ss. 77-93.
  • 18-Morgenthau, H. J. (1948) Politics Among Nations The Struggle For Power, Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
  • 19-Pape, R. A. (2005) “Soft Balancing against the United States”, International Security, C. 30, S. 1, ss. 7-45.
  • 20-Pijovic, N. (2012) “The Relative Gains Theorem and the Stalling United Nations Security Council Membership Reform”, Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, C. 11, S. 4, ss. 32-41.
  • 21-Roskin, M. G., Berry, N. O. (2014) Uluslararası İlişkiler: Uİ’nin Yeni Dünyası (Çev. Özlem Şimşek), 1. Baskı, Adres Yayınları, Ankara.
  • 22-Rudd, K. (2016) “UN 2030: Rebuilding Order in a Fragmenting World”, International Peace Institute, ss. 1-74. https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/IPI-ICM-UN-2030-Chairs-Report2FINAL.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2019).
  • 23-Russell, R. B. (1970) ““Power Politics” and the United Nations”, International Journal, C. 25, S. 2, ss. 321-332.
  • 24-Schweller, R. L. (2016) The Balance of Power in World Politics, https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-119?print=pdf ss. 1-20, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2019)
  • 25-Sengupta, S. (2017) The United Nations Explained: Its Purpose, Power and Problems, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/17/world/americas/united-nations-un-explainer.html (Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2019).
  • 26-Sheehan, M. (1996) The Balance of Power History and Theory, Routledge, New York.
  • 27-Shraideh, S. A. (2017) “The Security Council’s Veto in the Balance”, Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, C. 58, ss. 135-145.
  • 28-Thérien, J-P. (2015) “The United Nations Ideology: From Ideas to Global Policies”, Journal of Political Ideologies, C. 20, S. 3, ss. 221-243.29-Walt, S. (1985) “Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power”, International Security, C. 9, S. 4, ss. 3-43.
  • 30-Wight, M. (1966) “The Balance of Power”, Herbert Butterfield, Martin Wight (Ed.); Diplomatic Investigations Essays in the Theory of International Relations, Cambridge, Harward University Press, Massachusetts, ss. 149-175.
  • 31-Zinnes, D. A. (1967) “An Analytical Study of the Balance of Power Theories”, Journal of Peace Research, C. 4, S. 3, ss. 270-287.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ege Demirel 0000-0001-9880-4741

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Submission Date July 16, 2019
Acceptance Date September 2, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demirel, E. (2019). Güç Dengesi Teorisi Perspektifinden Birleşmiş Milletler. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 575-601. https://doi.org/10.33905/bseusbed.592734