Factors Associated with Screen Addiction in Adults: A Prospective Study

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 126 - 131, 01.05.2024

Ayşenur Gökşen , Gonca Ince

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1431982

Abstract

Screen addiction is a common public health problem that causes significant harm to both individuals and society. This study’s primary purpose is to examine the factors associated with screen addiction and to propose a sustainable solution to screen addiction. This research was conducted on staff who work at Cukurova University. Phone addiction, internet addiction and physical activity level were evaluated with Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form (SAS-SF), Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), and International Physical Activity Survey Short Form (IPAQ-SF), consecutively. Craniovertebral angle was measured with a goniometer and shoulder protraction was measured with a tape measure. The study group consisted of 189 individuals (111 women and 78 men). The mean age was 44.15 ± 11.25 years (min: 23, max: 60). The addiction level was determined to be higher in the sedentary individuals. Phone and internet addiction is statistically higher in sedentary individuals than in individuals with sports habits (P<0.05). While internet addiction is associated with age, body mass index, sports year, sports frequency, sports duration, back pain, shoulder protraction angle, severe activity level, moderate activity level, and sitting activity; phone addiction was found to be associated with age, sleep duration, sports year, sports frequency, sports duration, back pain, severe activity level, moderate activity level, and sitting activity (P<0.05). Sleep duration is especially negatively affected by phone addiction (P<0.01; r=-0.23). Internet addiction was found to be more related to postural problems (P<0.01; r=0.024). Consequently, sports habits are a crucial factor in preventing screen addiction. Which sports branches will be more effective for addicted individuals and what motivating activities should be done to direct working individuals to sports will require further study.

Keywords

Addiction, Physical activity, Sport, Mobile phone use, Internet addiction disorder

Ethical Statement

The authors confirm that the ethical policies of the journal, as noted on the journal's author guidelines page, have been adhered to. The experimental procedures were approved by the Tarsus University Non-Invasive Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Date:18/01/2023, Decision number: 2023/01).

References

• Azam M, Ali A, Mattiullah J, Perveen N. 2020. Physical activity, sports participation, and smartphone addiction in adolescent students: A systematic review. J Evid-Based Psychot, 20(1): 25-42. https://www.doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2020.1.2.
• Betsch M, Kalbhen K, Michalik R, Schenker H, Gatz M, Quack V, Siebers H, Wild M, Migliorini F. 2021. The influence of smartphone use on spinal posture - A laboratory study. Gait Posture, 85: 298-303. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.02.018.
• Chau JY, der Ploeg HP, van Uffelen JG, Wong J, Riphagen I, Healy GN, Gilson ND, Dunstan DW, Bauman AE, Owen N, Brown WJ. 2010. Are workplace interventions to reduce sitting effective? A systematic review. Prev Med, 51(5): 352-356. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.08.012.
• Chau JY, van der Ploeg HP, Merom D, Chey T, Bauman AE. 2012. Cross-sectional associations between occupational and leisure-time sitting, physical activity and obesity in working adults. Prev Med, 54(3): 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.12.020.
• Chen Q, Dai W, Li G, Ma N. 2022. The impact of screen time changes on anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: sleep and physical activity as mediators. Sleep Biol Rhythms, 20(4): 521-531. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s41105-022-00398-1.
• Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P. 2003. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35(8): 1381-1395. https://wwww.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb.
• Evren C, Dalbudak E, Topcu M, Kutlu N, Evren B, Pontes HM. 2018. Psychometric validation of the Turkish nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short Form (IGDS9-SF). Psychiatry Res, 265: 349-354. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.002.
• Haahr JPL, Frost P, Andersen JH. 2007. Predictors of health related job loss: A two-year follow-up study in a general working population. J Occup Rehabil, 17(4): 581-592. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10926-007-9106-z.
• Haug S, Castro RP, Kwon M, Filler A, Kowatsch T, Schaub MP. 2015. Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. J Behav Addict, 4(4): 299-307. https://www.doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.037.
• Ibrahim NK, Baharoon BS, Banjar WF, Jar AA, Ashor RM, Aman AA, Al-Ahmadi JR. 2018. Mobile phone addiction and its relationship to sleep quality and academic achievement of medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Res Health Sci, 18(3): e00420.
• Kayri M, Gunuc S. 2008. Adaptation of internet addiction scale in Turkish: validity and reliability. Ankara Uni J Fac Edu Sci, 42(1): 157-176. https://www.doi.org/10.1501/Egifak_0000001142.
• Kee IK, Byun JS, Jung JK, Choi JK. 2016. The presence of altered craniocervical posture and mobility in smartphone-addicted teenagers with temporomandibular disorders. J Phys Ther Sci, 28(2): 339-346. https://www.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.339.
• Noyan CO, Darçin AE, Nurmedov S, Yilmaz O, Dilbaz N. 2015. Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeğinin Kısa Formunun üniversite öğrencilerindeTürkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 16: 73-81. https://www.doi.org/10.5455/apd.176101.
• Piekartz H. 2015. Temporomandibular Disorders:Neuromusculoskeletal Assessment and Management. In Jull G, Moore A, Falla D, Lewis J, McCarthy C, Sterling M, editors. Grieve's Modern Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 433-444.
• Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, Tokgozoglu L. 2010. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills, 111(1): 278-284.
• Sahu M, Gandhi S, Sharma MK. 2019. Mobile phone addiction among children and adolescents: A systematic review. J Addict Nurs, 30(4): 261-268. https://www.doi.org/10.1097/jan.0000000000000309.
• Salvi R, Battin S. 2018. Correlation of mobile phone addiction scale (mpas) score with craniovertebral angle, scapular index and beck's depression inventory score in young adults. Int J Physiother, 5(1): 7-12. https://www.doi.org/10.15621/ijphy/2018/v5i1/167191.
• Tahir MJ, Malik NI, Ullah I, Khan HR, Perveen S, Ramalho R, Siddiqi AR, Waheed S, Shalaby MMM, De Berardis D, Jain S, Vetrivendan GL, Chatterjee H, Gopar Franco WX, Shafiq MA, Fatima NT, Abeysekera M, Sayyeda Q, Shamat SF, Aiman W, Akhtar Q, Devi A, Aftab A, Shoib S, Lin C-Y, Pakpour AH. 2021. Internet addiction and sleep quality among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational cross-sectional survey. PloS One, 16(11): e0259594. https://www.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259594.
• Temprom V, Sangnon C, Boontham P, Viriyatharakij N. 2019. Clarifying acromial distance: Standardisation and association between supine and sitting positions. Phys Ther Sport, 36: 51-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.01.001.
• Thompson JC. 2015. Netter's concise orthopaedic anatomy. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Nederland, pp: 142.
• Torkamani MH, Mokhtarinia HR, Vahedi M, Gabel CP. 2023. Relationships between cervical sagittal posture, muscle endurance, joint position sense, range of motion and level of smartphone addiction. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 24(1): 61. https://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12891-023-06168-5.
• Tudini FT, Myers BJ, Bohannon RW. 2022. Forward flexed posture: reliability and determinants of tragus-to-wall measurement. Physiother Theory Pract, 38(4): 579-586. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2020.1771801.