Antibiotic Use and Microbiota

Abstract

Our microbiota is one of the most complex components of the human body. The use of antibiotics, primarily beta-lactam antibiotics, is one of the main factors affecting the microbiotic composition. Factors that cause microbiotic changes with antibiotics are not just chemical structures of antibiotics. The duration of treatment, dose, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects, as well as the level of resistance of each microbiota member affect the extent of these changes. Studies have shown that microbial bacteria may be vulnerable or resistant to different antibiotics. Therefore, different effects of antibiotic interventions in terms of microbial composition, metabolism have been observed. (Therefore different effects on microbial composition and metabolism have been observed due to antibiotic interventions.) Antibiotics are used on a large scale worldwide, and antibiotic prescriptions are increasing. However, the effects on microbiota have been shown with limited studies. This article presents a review of antibiotics or antibiotic combinations in relation to changes in the microbiota composition and their molecular agents (genes, proteins, and metabolites), primarily the bowel. (This article presents a review about antibiotics or antibiotic combinations being linked to the changes in the microbiota composition, mainly bowel and their molecular agents (genes, proteins, and metabolites).

Keywords

• microbiota,antibiotics

Antibiyotik Kullanımı ve Mikrobiyota

Abstract

Mikrobiyotamız, insan vücudunun en karmaşık bileşenleri arasında yer almaktadır. Başta beta-laktam antibiyotikler olmak üzere antibiyotiklerin kullanımı, mikrobiyota bileşimini etkileyen başlıca faktörlerden biridir. Antibiyotiklerle ilgili mikrobiyotik değişikliklere neden olan faktör antibiyotiklerin sadece kimyasal yapıları değildir. Tedavinin süresi, dozu, farmakodinamik ve farmakokinetik etkileri, ayrıca her bir mikrobiyota üyesinin direnç seviyesi bu değişikliklerin kapsamını etkilemektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarla mikrobiyotamızdaki bakterilerin farklı antibiyotiklere karşı savunmasız ya da dirençli olabileceği görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla antibiyotik müdahalelerinin mikrobiyal bileşim ve metabolizma açısından farklı etkileri de gözlemlenmiştir. Antibiyotikler dünya çapında büyük ölçekte kullanılmaktadır ve antibiyotik reçeteleri artarak devam etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, mikrobiyotamız üzerindeki etkileri sınırlı çalışmalarla gösterilmiştir. Bu makale, insanlarda kullanımı olan antibiyotikler veya antibiyotik kombinasyonlarının başlıca barsak olmak üzere mikrobiyota kompozisyonundaki ve bunların moleküler ajanlarındaki (genler, proteinler ve metabolitler) değişikliklerle bağlantılı olmasıyla ilgili bir inceleme sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• mikrobiyota,antibiyotikler

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