Human Intestinal Microbiome and In Vivo Animal Models

Abstract

Studies related to microbiota have increased enormously with the introduction of the next generation squencing technology. Results of these studies have revealed the details of the interaction between the human body and its gut microbiota and the many mysterious and undefi ned topics. It is determined that gut microbiota is not stable, and it adapts to some factors in hours such as daytime diet, drug use (especially antibiotics). One of the methods used for better understanding of this dynamic structure of microbiota and human-gut microbiota interaction is animal models. Animal models offer several advantages in terms of the tractability of microbiota. Many different animal models are suitable for such studies. In this respect, the role of microbiota on human metabolism can be determined more clearly. Steriled and gnotobiotic animal models can be designed to include even from a single microbiota member and to all microbiota members. Almost all of the microbiota studies are concentrated on bacteria. Since viruses, parasites and fungi are also covered by microbiota, animal models should be developed for such microorganisms. By this way, other mysterious topics areas will also be revealed.

Keywords

• Microbiota,animal models,gnotobiotic,microbes,gut

İnsan Bağırsak Mikrobiyomu ve İn Vivo Hayvan Modelleri

Abstract

Yeni nesil dizileme teknolojisinin kullanıma girmesi ile mikrobiyota üzerine yapılan çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Mikrobiyota çalışmaları neticesinde insan vücudu ile kendi bağırsak mikrobiyotası arasındaki etkileşimin ayrıntıları ve karanlıkta kalmış birçok alan aydınlanmaya başlamıştır. Bağırsak mikrobiyotasının stabil olmadığı, gün içindeki diyet, ilaç kullanımı (özellikle antibiyotik) gibi etkenlerle saatler içinde değişim gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Mikrobiyotanın bu dinamik yapısını ve insan-bağırsak mikrobiyotası etkileşimini daha iyi anlamak için uygulanan yöntemlerden birisi de hayvan modelleridir. Hayvan modelleri, mikrobiyotanın ölçülebilirliği ve izlenebilirliği açısından çeşitli avantajlar sunmaktadır. Bu tip çalışmalar farklı hayvan modelleri üzerinde yapılabilmektedir. Bu sayede mikrobiyotanın insan metabolizması üzerindeki rolleri daha net gösterilebilmektedir. Gnotobiyotik ile steril hayvan modelleri ile tek bir mikrobiyota üyesi ve tüm mikrobiyota üyelerini kapsayacak şekilde hayvan modelleri oluşturabilmektedir. Mikrobiyota çalışmalarının hemen hemen tamamı bakteriler üzerine yoğunlaşmış durumdadır. Virüsler, parazitler ve mantarlar da mikrobiyota kapsamında olduğundan göz ardı edilmemeli, bu tür mikroorganizmalar ile ilgili de hayvan modelleri geliştirilmedir. Böylece karanlıkta kalan diğer alanlar da aydınlığa kavuşacaktır

Keywords

• Mikrobiyota,hayvan modelleri,gnotobiyotik,mikrop,bağırsak

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