Breastmilk and Development of Microbiota

Year 2017, - Mikrobiyota, 17 - 24, 15.11.2017

Rabiye Güney Nursan Çınar

Abstract

Findings of the studies on the effect of the healthy microbiota development have a lot of implication for future healthy life in children. Many non-communicable diseases, such as asthma, diabetes, obesite, have a close relationship with a damaged or underdeveloped gut microbiota. Human milk is a source of huge non-pathogenic bacterial community which is transferred to infant for establishing a healthy gut microbiota. Nevertheless, the source of these breast milk’s microbes is still controversial. An explanative theory, which is called “entero-mammary pathway”, needs more research to be proven. According to this theory, gut microbiota of the mother is transferred to the mammary ducts by means of dendritic cells. Being the most important probiotic for newborn with diverse microbial system, breast milk is also an important prebiotic for infant gut microbiota containing oligosaccharides specifi cally preferred by Bifi do bacteria. As a conclusion, breast milk is critical for establishment of healthy gut microbiota particularly during the first months of life. Progressing the policies to improve breastfeeding rates in our country is strongly recommended.

Keywords

Breast milk, microbiota, probiotic, prebiotic

Anne Sütü ve Mikrobiyota Gelişimi

Abstract

Sağlıklı mikrobiyotanın etkisine yönelik yapılan çalışmalarda, çocukların gelecekteki sağlığı için mikrobiyota gelişiminin büyük önem taşıdığı vurgulanmaktadır. Astım, şeker hastalığı, obezite gibi birçok hastalığın zarar görmüş ya da gelişmemiş bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile yakın ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Anne sütü, sağlıklı bir bağırsak mikrobiyotasının gelişmesi için bebeğe aktarılan çok sayıda non-patojen bakteriyi içinde barındırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, anne sütündeki mikroorganizmaların nereden geldiği hala tartışmalıdır. "Entero mammary pathway" adı verilen ve anne sütündeki mikroorganizmaların kaynağını açıklamak üzere geliştirilmiş olan teorinin ispatlanması için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Bu teoriye göre, annenin bağırsak mikrobiyotası dendritik hücreler aracılığıyla süt kanallarına iletilmektedir. İçerdiği çeşitli mikrobiyal sistemleri ile yenidoğanlar için en önemli probiyotik olan anne sütü, Bifi do bakteriler tarafından tercih edilen oligosakkaritleri içermesi nedeniyle de bebek bağırsak mikrobiyotası için önemli bir prebiyotiktir. Sonuç olarak, anne sütü özellikle yaşamın ilk aylarında sağlıklı bağırsak mikrobiyotasının oluşumu için kritik önem taşır. Ülkemizde emzirme oranlarını iyileştirmeye yönelik politikalara devam edilmesi güçlü bir şekilde tavsiye edilmektedir.

Keywords

Anne sütü, mikrobiyota, probiyotik, prebiyotik

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