Solunum Sistemi ve Mikrobiyota

Year 2017, - Mikrobiyota, 104 - 108, 15.11.2017

Yusuf Aydemir

Abstract

Uzun yıllardır, kültür temelli araştırmaların sonuçlarına dayanılarak, akciğerlerin steril olduğuna inanılıyordu. Hatta bu yüzden akciğerler, İnsan Mikrobiyom Projesi’ne dâhil edilmedi.Bununla birlikte, son zamanlarda geliştirilen kültürden bağımsız yöntemler ile sağlıklı insanların akciğerlerinde, sayı bakımından az, ancak çeşitliliği fazla bakteri türlerininyaşadığı gösterilmiştir. Ancak, günümüzde devam eden araştırmalarda önemli metodolojik ve teknik engeller bulunmaktadır.Akciğer mikrobiyomundaki nicel ve/veya nitel değişiklikler hastalık oluşumu, ilerlemesi ve alevlenmelere katkıda bulunabilir.Akciğer mikrobiyomunun bileşimi ve immünolojik etkileri hakkında bilgi, özellikle kistik fi broz, bronşektazi, astım ve kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı gibi hastalıklarda önemli patojenik kazanımlar sağlayacaktır.Gelecekte büyük kohortları içine alan, çok merkezli çalışmaların akciğer mikrobiyomu hakkındaki bilgimize ve anlayışımıza katkıda bulunacağını düşünüyoruz.

Keywords

Akciğer, Mikrobiyota, Solunum Sistemi

Respiratory System and Microbiota

Abstract

The lungs of healthy humans were previously believed to be sterile, based on results of classical, culture-based studies. Therefore, the lungs were not included in the National Institutes of Health’s initial Human Microbiome Project. However, recent culture- independent methods demonstrate that the lungs of healthy humans are inhabited by communities of bacteria that are very few in number but composed of diverse types of bacteria. On the other hand, at the present time, there are signifi cant methodologic and technical hurdles that must be addressed in ongoing investigations. Quantitative and/or qualitative changes in the lung microbiome may be contributed to disease occurrence, progression and exacerbations in a number of pulmonary diseases. Knowledge of the composition and immunological effects of the lung microbiome will likely provide important pathogenic insights in diseases such as especially cystic fi brosis, bronchiectasis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We anticipate that multicenter studies involving large cohorts in the future will contribute to our knowledge and understanding of the lung microbiome.

Keywords

Lungs, Microbiota, Respiratory System

References

• 1. Savage DC. Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. Annu Rev Microbiol 1977;31:107–133.
• 2. Qin J, Li R, Raes J, MetaHIT Consortium. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 2010;464:59–65.
• 3. https://hmpdacc.org/ erişim:30/08/2017
• 4. Segal LN, Rom WN, Weiden MD. Lung microbiome for clinicians. New discoveries about bugs in healthy and diseased lungs. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014;11(1):108-16.
• 5. https://biolincc.nhlbi.nih.gov/studies/lhmp/ erişim:30/08/2017
• 6. Segal LN, Alekseyenko AV, Clemente JC, et al. Enrichment of lung microbiome with supraglottic taxa is associated with increased pulmonary infl ammation. Microbiome 2013;1:19.
• 7. Brooks C, Pearce N, Douwes J. The hygiene hypothesis in allergy and asthma: an update. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;13(1):70-7.
• 8. Nembrini C, Sichelstiel A, Kisielow J, et al. Bacterial-induced protection against allergic infl ammation through a multicomponent immunoregulatory mechanism. Thorax 2011;66:755–763.
• 9. Ege MJ, Mayer M, Normand AC, et al. Exposure to environmental microorganisms and childhood asthma. N Engl J Med 2011;364:701–709.
• 10. Ege MJ, Bieli C, Frei R, et al. Parsifal Study Team. Prenatal farm exposure is related to the expression of receptors of the innate immunity and to atopic sensitization in school-age children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117:817–823.
• 11. Sethi S, Evans N, Grant BJB, Murphy TF. New Strains of Bacteria and Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. N Engl J Med, 2002;347(7):465-71
• 12. Aydemir Y, Aydemir Ö, Kalem F. Relationship between the GOLD combined COPD assessment staging system and bacterial isolation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014;9:1045-51.
• 13. Molyneaux PL, Mallia P, Cox MJ, et al. Growth of the bacterial airway microbiome after rhinovirus exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013;188:1224– 1231.
• 14. Huang YJ, Nelson CE, Brodie EL, et al. Airway microbiota and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with suboptimally controlled asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:372–381.
• 15. Hilty M, Burke C, Pedro H, Cardenas P, Bush A, Bossley C, Davies J, Ervine A, Poulter L, Pachter L, Moffatt MF, Cookson WO. Disordered microbial communities in asthmatic airways. PLoS One. 2010 Jan 5;5(1):e8578.
• 16. Ezendam J, van Loveren H. Lactobacillus casei Shirota administered during lactation increases the duration of autoimmunity in rats and enhances lung infl ammation in mice. Br J Nutr. 2008; 99:83–90.
• 17. Forsythe P, Inman MD, Bienenstock J. Oral treatment with live Lactobacillus reuteri inhibits the allergic airway response in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007; 175:561–9.
• 18. Hunt JR, Martinelli R, Adams VC, et al. Intragastric administration of Mycobacterium vaccae inhibits severe pulmonary allergic infl ammation in a mouse model. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005; 35:685– 90.