Microbiota and Infl ammatory Rheumatic Diseases

Year 2017, - Mikrobiyota, 109 - 114, 15.11.2017

İbrahim Tekeoğlu

Abstract

In recent years, microbiomic and microbiota terms are frequently used. Relationship between microorganisms and the host can be studied by microbiomic studies. It was aimed to determine by human microbiology project initiated with 300 volunteers in 2007 and to investigate whether human microbiomic changes can be related to diseases. Just like genomics, the number of microorganisms in the human body is 10 times higher than the number of human cells. That is, a human is a holobiont (super organism) consisting of a combination of 10% human and 90% microbial cells. Human microbiota consist of viruses, fungi and many eukaryotic microorganisms, especially bacteria, In addition, the bacterial genome in the human body is 150 times more than the human genome. Most of the human microbiota is colonized in the gut, genitourinary system and respiratory system, especially in the digestive system. The colon alone contains more than 70% of the microorganisms in our body. Microbiota has an important role in human, illness and health. In this case, microbiota can be thought of as an obscured organ. Primarily the intestinal microbiota, provide the necessary signals by promoting immune cell maturation and normal development of immune system functions. Research in microbiota have opened a new page in rheumatology. In recent years, the microbiota structure of the intestines, urogenital, and respiratory tracts has become more understandable in relation to inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

Keywords

Microbiota, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory rheumatism

İnflamatuvar Romatizmal Hastalıklar ve Mikrobiyota

Abstract

Son yıllarda mikrobiyom ve mikrobiyota terimleri sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Mikroorganizmalar arası ve mikroorganizma ile konak arasındaki ilişkiler, mikrobiyom çalışmaları ile incelenmektedir. 2007 yılında 300 gönüllü ile başlatılan insan mikrobiyom projesi ile insan vücudundaki tüm mikroorganizmaları belirlemek, insan mikrobiyom değişikliklerinin hastalıklarla ilişkilendirilip ilişkilendirilemeyeceğini araştırmak hedefl enmiştir. İnsan mikrobiyotası; başta bakteriler olmak üzere, virüsler, mantarlar ve birçok ökaryotik mikroorganizmalardan oluşmaktadır. Ayrıca insan vücudundaki bakteri genomu, insan genonumdan 150 kat daha fazladır. Tıpkı genom olarak üstünlükleri gibi, insan vücudundaki mikroorganizma sayısı da insan hücre sayısından 10 kat fazladır. Yani insan, %10 insan ve %90 mikrobiyal hücrelerin birleşiminden oluşan bir holobiont (süperorganizma)’tur. İnsan mikrobiyotasının büyük kısmı, başta sindirim sistemi olmak üzere deri, genitoüriner sistem ve solunum sisteminde kolonize olmuştur. Kolon, tek başına vücudumuzdaki mikroorganizmaların %70’inden fazlasını barındırmaktadır. Mikrobiyotanın insanda, hastalık ve sağlık durumlarında önemli rolü mevcuttur. Bu durumda mikrobiyota, gözardı edilmiş bir organ gibi düşünülebilir. Başta intestinal mikrobiyota olmak üzere insanda mikrobiyota, hastalık ve sağlık durumlarını, bağışıklık hücrelerinin olgunlaşmasını ve bağışıklık sistem fonksiyonlarının normal gelişimini teşvik ederek gerekli sinyalleri sağlar. Mikrobiyota ile ilgili bilimsel veriler romatolojiye yeni bir sayfa açmıştır. Son yıllarda başta bağırsak, ürogenital, solunum yollarının mikrobiyota yapısının inflamatuvar romatizmal hastalıklarla ilişkisi daha çok anlaşılır olmuştur.

Keywords

Mikrobiyota, romatoid artrit, ankilozan spondilit, psoriatik artrit, inflamatuvar romatizmalar

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