In The Light of Oral Microbiota Research, New Perspective on Oral Health: Review

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 128 - 137, 21.12.2018

Umut Pamukçu , Fatma Nur Yıldız , Tuba Dal , İlkay Peker

Abstract

Abstract: The aim of this review is to investigate the relationship of oral microbiota with many oral and related diseases, mainly dental caries and periodontitis, and their effects on general health. We shared the results of the studies and the results of the research which are still in the research stage. Specifically, we aimed to introduce and discuss the course of oral microbiota transplantation (OMT) and the process ahead.

Microbiota plays an important role in many metabolic events such as modulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis, satiety regulation, energy and vitamin production, as well as anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. 

The most intense colonization area in the body, which contains hundreds of different bacterial, viral and fungal species after the gastrointestinal tract, is the oral cavity. The diversity in the oral microbiota is shaped by the micro-environmental conditions according to the host's systemic condition, diet, genetic predisposition and the efficacy of antimicrobial agents in saliva. While the microorganisms in the oral microbiota continue their symbiotic relationship with the host, the variation in the proportion of certain species with the potential for pathogenicity in the ecological flora results in some oral and systemic diseases.

In oral medicine, oral microbiota transplantation (OMT) has been hypothetically inspired by fecal microbiota transplantation. Oral microbiota transplantation aims to transfer oral biofilms from a healthy donor to the patient with caries or periodontitis. Ongoing and future studies should provide new information about oral microbiota and how a disbiotic microbiota can be successfully modified with a health-friendly flora.

Keywords

Oral diseases, oral microbiota, transplantation

Oral Mikrobiyota Araştırmaları Işığında Ağız Sağlığına Yeni Bakış Açısı: Derleme

Abstract

Özet: Bu derlemenin amacı, oral mikrobiyotanın, başta diş çürüğü ve periodontitis olmak üzere, birçok ağız içi ve ilişkili hastalıklarla ilişkisini ve bunların genel sağlık üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Konuyla ile ilgili bugüne değin yapılan ve halen araştırma aşamasında olan çalışmaları ve sonuçlarını paylaştık. Spesifik olarak, oral mikrobiyota transplantasyonu (OMT)’nun kat ettiği yol ve önündeki süreci tanıtmayı ve tartışmayı amaçladık.          

 Mikrobiyota, glikoz ve lipit homeostazisinin modülasyonu, tokluk regülasyonu, enerji ve vitamin üretimi gibi birçok metabolik olayda önemli bir rol oynamasının yanında anti-karsinojenik ve anti-inflamatuar etkilere de sahiptir. Gastrointestinal sistemden sonra yüzlerce farklı bakteriyel, viral ve fungal türü barındıran, vücuttaki en yoğun kolonizasyon alanı ağız boşluğudur. Oral mikrobiyotadaki çeşitlilik, konakçının sistemik durumu, diyeti, genetik yatkınlığı ve tükürükteki antimikrobiyal ajanlarının etkinliğine göre, mikro-çevresel koşullar tarafından şekillendirilir. Oral mikrobiyotadaki mikroorganizmalar, konakçı ile simbiyotik ilişkilerini sürdürürken, ekolojik floradaki patojenite potansiyeli olan belirli türlerin oranlarındaki değişim, bazı ağız ve sistemik hastalıklarla sonuçlanmaktadır.

Tıpta fekal mikrobiyota transplantasyondan esinlenerek, oral mikrobiyota transplantasyonu (OMT) hipotetik olarak önerilmiştir. Oral mikrobiyota transplantasyonu, sağlıklı bir donördeki oral biyofilmleri çürük ya da periodontitisli hastaya aktarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Devam eden ve gelecekteki çalışmalar, oral mikrobiyota konusunda ve disbiyotik bir mikrobiyotanın, sağlık açısından yararlı bir flora ile nasıl başarılı bir şekilde değiştirilebileceğine dair yeni bilgiler sunmalıdır.

Keywords

oral mikrobiyota, Ağız hastalıkları, transplantasyon

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