Research Article
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Evaluation of the Relationship Between Oral Infections and Oral Care Habits of Immunosuppressive Patients

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 189 - 195, 21.12.2018

Abstract













Objective: Oral infections in immunosuppressive patients cause disruptions in the treatment protocols of the patients. Effective oral care is important in preventing oral infections.
In this study, aimed to investigate the relationship between oral care habits and oral infection in immunosuppressive patients.






Material and
Method: Patients who were followed up at the Hematology and oncology clinic and who received chemotherapy in theday-to-day chemotherapy unit were included in the study.
Patients with severe neutropenic neutrophil count<500, antibiotic use due to systemic infection, remission and no chemotherapeutic drugs were excluded. In order
to collect information about oral care habits, a structured questionnaire was applied as a question and answer. Patients were retrospectively screened through files of
information related to oral infection that could be developed during chemotherapy treatments.






Findings and
Results: Of the 185 patients studied, 75.6% (n: 140) were followed in the oncology clinic and 24.4% (n: 45) in the hematology clinic. Oral infection was detected in 25.4%
(N:47) of the patients. Forty-seven patients were accompanied by oral infection in the mucositis. Candida infection in 32 patients diagnosed with direct microscopic
examination, In 15, there was a clinically diagnosed and serologically confirmed herpes virus infection. It was found that patients with oral infection did not take effective
oral care. There was a significant difference between the patients with oral infections and the group without oral infection in terms of denta lhygiene, prosthesis cleaning
and tooth paste selection, the frequency of tooth brushes replacement and daily oral care.






Conclusion: According to the responses given to survey questions, it was understood that patients did not perform effective oral care. The effectiveness of oral care in the group
with oral infection was found to be decreased significantly in the group without oral infection. Oral infections can be reduced with effective oral care. For this reason,
clinicians ' patients should be more stimulating about oral care and oral care habits should be questioned periodically in follow-up. 





References

  • 1. Redding SW. Cancer therapy-related oral mucositis. J DentEduc. 2005;69(8): 919-929
  • 2. Sonis ST, Elting LS, Keef D, Peterson DE, Schubert M, Hauer-Jensen M, et al. Perspectives on cancer therapy-induced mucosal injury. Cancer. 2004;100(9):1995-2025
  • 3. Scully C, Sonis S, Diz PD. Mucosal diseases series: Oral mucositis. Oral Diseases. 2006;12: 229-241
  • 4. Paster BJ, Boches SK, Galvin JL, Ericson RE, Lau CN, Levanos VA. Bacterial diversity in human subgingival plaque. J Bacteriol. 2001;183:3770–83
  • 5. Paju S, Pussinen PJ, Suominen-Taipale L, Hyvönen M, Knuuttila M, Könönen E. Detection of multiple pathogenic species in saliva is associated with periodontal infection in adults. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:235–8
  • 6. Vozza I, Caldarazzo V, Ottolenghi L. Changes in microflora in dental plaque from cancer patients under going chemotherapy and the relationship of these changes with mucositis: A pilot study. Med Oral Patol Oral CirBucal 2015;20(3):259-66
  • 7. Feller L, Essop R, Wood NH, Khammissa RA, Chikte UM, Meyerov R. Chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis: pathobiology, epidemiology and management. SADJ. 2010;65:372–4
  • 8. Valéra MC, Noirrit-Esclassan E, Pasquet M, Vaysse F. Oral complications and dental care in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Oral Pathol Med. 2015;44(7):483-9
  • 9. Hong CH, da Fonseca M. Considerations in the pediatric population with cancer. DentClin North Am. 2008; 52(1):155-81
  • 10. Epstein JB, Thariat J, Bensadoun RJ, Barasch A, Murphy BA, Kolnick L, Popplewell L, Maghami E. Oral complications of cancer and cancer therapy: from cancer treatment to survivorship. CA Cancer J Clin 2012;62(6):400–422
  • 11. Azher U, Shiggaon N. Oral health status of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia under going chemotherapy. Indian J DentRes 2013; 24: 523
  • 12. Elad S, Raber-Durlacher JE, Brennan MT, Saunders DP, Mank AP, Zadik Y, Quinn B, Epstein JB, Blijlevens NM, Waltimo T, Passweg JR, Correa ME, Dahllöf G, Garming-Legert KU, Logan RM, Potting CM, Shapira MY, Soga Y, Stringer J, Stokman MA, Vokurka S, Wallhult E, Yarom N, Jensen SB. Basic oral care for hematology–oncology patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: a position paper from the joint taskforce of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) and theEuropean Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Support Care Cancer. 2015;23(1):223-36
  • 13. Qutob AF, Allen G, Gue S, Revesz T, Logan RM, Keefe D. Implementation of a hospital oral care protocol and recording of oral mucositis in children receiving cancer treatment: a retrospective and a prospective study. Support Care Cancer. 2013;21(4):1113–1120
  • 14. Newbrun E. Topical fluorides in caries prevention and management: a North American perspective. J DentEduc. 2001;65(10):1078–1083
  • 15. Ransier A, Epstein JB, Lunn R, Spinelli J. A combined analysis of a toothbrush, foam brush, and a chlorhexidine-soaked foam brush in maintaining oral hygiene. Cancer Nurs. 1995;18(5):393–396).Newbrun E. Topical fluorides in caries prevention and management: a North American perspective. J DentEduc. 2001;65(10):1078–1083
  • 16. Greenberg MS, Cohen SG, McKitrick JC, Cassileth PA. The oral flor as a source of septicemia in patients with acute leukemia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1982;53(1):32–36

İmmunsupresif Hastaların Ağız Bakım Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi ve Oral Enfeksiyonlar Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 189 - 195, 21.12.2018

Abstract

Amaç: İmmunsupresif hastalarda oral enfeksiyonlar
hastaların tedavi protokollerinde aksamalara neden olmaktadır. Oral enfeksiyonların
önlenmesinde etkin ağız bakımı önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada immunsupresif
hastaların ağız bakım alışkanlıkları ile oral enfeksiyon arasında ilişkiyi incelemek
amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç-Yöntem:
Hematoloji
ve Onkoloji kliniğinde takipte olan ve günlük kemoterapi ünitesinde kemoterapi
alan 18-75 yaş arasında hastalar çalışmaya alındı. Ağır nötropenik nötrofil
sayısı <500 olan, sistemik enfeksiyonu nedeniyle antibiyotik kullanan,
remisyonda olan ve herhangi bir kemoterapötik ilaç kullanmayan hastalar çalışma
dışı bırakıldı. Çalışmaya katılan hastalara ağız bakımı alışkanlıkları ile
ilgili bilgi toplamak amacıyla, soru-cevap şeklinde yapılandırılmış anket
uygulandı. Anket sonuçları değerlendirilen hastaların otomasyon sistemi
aracıyla dosyalarından retrospektif olarak kemoterapi tedavileri sırasında
gelişmiş olabilecek oral enfeksiyon ile ilişkili bilgilere ulaşıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 185
hastanın %75,6’sı (n:140) onkoloji kliniği, %24,4’ü (n:45) hematoloji
kliniğinde takipteydi. Hastaların %25.4’ünde (n:47) oral enfeksiyon saptandı.
Kırkyedi hastanın 18’inde oral enfeksiyona mukozittte eşlik ediyordu.  Hastaların 32’sinde doğrudan mikroskopik inceleme  ile tanı konulmuş  kandida enfeksiyonu, 15’inde ise klinik
olarak tanı konulan ve serolojik olarak doğrulanmış herpes virüs enfeksiyonu
mevcuttu. Çalışmaya alınan ve oral enfeksiyonu mevcut olan hastaların etkin
ağız bakımı yapmadıkları saptandı. Oral enfeksiyonları olan hastaların diş
fırçalama alışkanlıkları, protez temizliği ve diş fırçası, macunu seçimini
önemseme, diş fırçası değiştirme sıklığı, günlük ağız bakımı açısından oral
enfeksiyonu olmayan grupla anlamlı farklılık olduğu tespit edildi.







Sonuç: Anket sorularına verilen
yanıtlar doğrultusunda hastaların etkin ağız bakımı yapmadıkları anlaşılmıştır.
Oral enfeksiyon olan grupta ağız bakımının etkinliği, oral enfeksiyon olmayan
gruba göre anlamlı oranda azalmış olduğu tespit edidli.
Oral enfeksiyonların etkin ağız bakımı ile
azaltılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle klinisyenlerin hastalarının ağız
bakımları konusunda daha uyarıcı olmaları ve tedavi takiplerinde ağız bakım
alışkanlıklarının aralıklı olarak sorgulanması gerektiği sonucuna
varılmıştır.  

References

  • 1. Redding SW. Cancer therapy-related oral mucositis. J DentEduc. 2005;69(8): 919-929
  • 2. Sonis ST, Elting LS, Keef D, Peterson DE, Schubert M, Hauer-Jensen M, et al. Perspectives on cancer therapy-induced mucosal injury. Cancer. 2004;100(9):1995-2025
  • 3. Scully C, Sonis S, Diz PD. Mucosal diseases series: Oral mucositis. Oral Diseases. 2006;12: 229-241
  • 4. Paster BJ, Boches SK, Galvin JL, Ericson RE, Lau CN, Levanos VA. Bacterial diversity in human subgingival plaque. J Bacteriol. 2001;183:3770–83
  • 5. Paju S, Pussinen PJ, Suominen-Taipale L, Hyvönen M, Knuuttila M, Könönen E. Detection of multiple pathogenic species in saliva is associated with periodontal infection in adults. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:235–8
  • 6. Vozza I, Caldarazzo V, Ottolenghi L. Changes in microflora in dental plaque from cancer patients under going chemotherapy and the relationship of these changes with mucositis: A pilot study. Med Oral Patol Oral CirBucal 2015;20(3):259-66
  • 7. Feller L, Essop R, Wood NH, Khammissa RA, Chikte UM, Meyerov R. Chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis: pathobiology, epidemiology and management. SADJ. 2010;65:372–4
  • 8. Valéra MC, Noirrit-Esclassan E, Pasquet M, Vaysse F. Oral complications and dental care in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. J Oral Pathol Med. 2015;44(7):483-9
  • 9. Hong CH, da Fonseca M. Considerations in the pediatric population with cancer. DentClin North Am. 2008; 52(1):155-81
  • 10. Epstein JB, Thariat J, Bensadoun RJ, Barasch A, Murphy BA, Kolnick L, Popplewell L, Maghami E. Oral complications of cancer and cancer therapy: from cancer treatment to survivorship. CA Cancer J Clin 2012;62(6):400–422
  • 11. Azher U, Shiggaon N. Oral health status of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia under going chemotherapy. Indian J DentRes 2013; 24: 523
  • 12. Elad S, Raber-Durlacher JE, Brennan MT, Saunders DP, Mank AP, Zadik Y, Quinn B, Epstein JB, Blijlevens NM, Waltimo T, Passweg JR, Correa ME, Dahllöf G, Garming-Legert KU, Logan RM, Potting CM, Shapira MY, Soga Y, Stringer J, Stokman MA, Vokurka S, Wallhult E, Yarom N, Jensen SB. Basic oral care for hematology–oncology patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: a position paper from the joint taskforce of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) and theEuropean Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Support Care Cancer. 2015;23(1):223-36
  • 13. Qutob AF, Allen G, Gue S, Revesz T, Logan RM, Keefe D. Implementation of a hospital oral care protocol and recording of oral mucositis in children receiving cancer treatment: a retrospective and a prospective study. Support Care Cancer. 2013;21(4):1113–1120
  • 14. Newbrun E. Topical fluorides in caries prevention and management: a North American perspective. J DentEduc. 2001;65(10):1078–1083
  • 15. Ransier A, Epstein JB, Lunn R, Spinelli J. A combined analysis of a toothbrush, foam brush, and a chlorhexidine-soaked foam brush in maintaining oral hygiene. Cancer Nurs. 1995;18(5):393–396).Newbrun E. Topical fluorides in caries prevention and management: a North American perspective. J DentEduc. 2001;65(10):1078–1083
  • 16. Greenberg MS, Cohen SG, McKitrick JC, Cassileth PA. The oral flor as a source of septicemia in patients with acute leukemia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1982;53(1):32–36
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ebru Karagün 0000-0002-5032-7429

Publication Date December 21, 2018
Acceptance Date December 2, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Karagün E. İmmunsupresif Hastaların Ağız Bakım Alışkanlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi ve Oral Enfeksiyonlar Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. J Biotechnol and Strategic Health Res. December 2018;2(3):189-195.
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