Epidemiology of COVID-19: What We Learn From Pandemic

Year 2020, COVID-19Special Issue, 29 - 36, 30.04.2020

Asiye Uğraş Dikmen , Mediha Kına Seçil Özkan , Mustafa Necmi İlhan

https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.715153

Cited By: 76

Abstract

The COVID-19 outbreak, which occurred as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that spread in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province in late 2019, is a public health crisis. The virus is thought to be caused by bat. The disease is transmitted from person to person through droplets and contact. Incubation time is shown as 4-5 days (0-14 days). The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. The disease can be severe and fatal in people with old age and comorbid disease. More fatality rates were shown in men than in women. The global fatality rate is known as 2-3%. As the age increases, the rate of fatality increases. Routine BCG vaccine policy is thought to reduce mortality. The diagnosis is made in possible cases by showing the virus in respiratory secretions by special molecular tests. In the presence of clinical suspicion, imaging methods such as chest radiography and computed tomography are used in treatment planning. Mainly supportive and empirical treatment is used and specific treatment and vaccine are not yet available. Effective use of personal protective equipment to reduce contact with people, isolation of precise and suspicious cases and protection from contamination is crucial to combating the epidemic. 

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, Epidemic, COVID-19, Pandemic

COVID-19 Epidemiyolojisi: Pandemiden Ne Öğrendik

Abstract

2019’un sonunda Çin’in Hubei eyaleti Wuhan şehrinde ortaya çıkan ve yayılanSARS-CoV-2 virüsü sonucu meydana gelen COVID-19 pandemisihalen ciddi bir halk sağlığı problemi olarak etkisini sürdürmektedir. Virüsün yarasa kaynaklı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Hastalık damlacık ve temas yolu ile insandan insana bulaşmaktadır. İnkübasyon süresi ortalaması 4-5 gün (0-14 gün) olarak gösterilmiştir. En yaygın semptomları ateş, kuru öksürük ve nefes darlığıdır. Hastalık ileri yaş ve komorbid hastalığı olan kişilerde şiddetli ve mortal seyredebilmektedir. Erkeklerde daha fazla fatalite hızı gösterilmiştir. Fatalite hızı dünya genelinde %2-3 olarak değişmektedir. Yaş arttıkça fatalite hızı artmaktadır. Rutin BCG aşısı politikasının mortaliteyi azalttığı düşünülmektedir.
Teşhis olası vakalarda virüsün solunum sekresyonlarında özel moleküler testlerle gösterilmesi ile konur. Klinik şüphe varlığında tedavi planlamasında akciğer grafisi ve bilgisayarlı tomografi gibi görüntüleme yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Esas olarak destekleyii ve ampirik tedavi uygulanmakta olup spesifik tedavisi ve aşısı henüz yoktur. İnsanların temasının azaltılması, kesin ve şüpheli vakaların izolasyonu ve bulaştan korunmak için kişisel koruyucu ekipmanların etkin kullanımı salgın ile mücadelede çok büyük öneme sahiptir.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, Salgın, COVID-19, Pandemi

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