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COVID-19 Hikayesine Göre Oral Hijyen Alışkanlığının ve Periodontal Hastalık Hikayesinin Teledişhekimliği Aracılığıyla Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Araştırma

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 200 - 206, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.998414

Abstract

Amaç: Bu anket çalışmasında teledişhekimliği ile bireylerin oral hijyen alışkanlıklarının, periodontal hastalık hikayelerinin değerlendirilmesi ve COVID-19 hikayelerine göre oral hijyen, periodontal hastalık durumlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya pandemi öncesinde fakültemize başvurmuş hastalardan teledişhekimliği yolu ile ulaşılan hastalar dahil edildi. Onamı alınan hastalara 4 bölüm ve 25 sorudan oluşan bir anket telefon konuşması aracılığıyla uygulandı. Anketin ilk bölümünde demografik bilgiler, medikal hikaye, sigara içme alışkanlığı ve COVID-19 hikayesi (COVID-19 geçiren [COVID(+)] veya geçirmeyen [COVID(-)]) sorgulanırken sonraki üç bölümde dental hijyen (DH), çevresel dental hijyen (ÇH), periodontal hastalık hikayesi (PH) değerlendirildi. Bu üç bölümdeki sorulara verilen yanıtlar, artan değerler olumsuz tutumu sembolize edecek şekilde puanlandırıldı. Puanların toplamından elde edilebilecek minimum ve maksimum değerler dikkate alınarak düşük, orta ve yüksek değer aralıklarının yer aldığı DH, ÇH ve PH ölçekleri oluşturuldu. Gruplar ölçeklerden alınan ortalama değer ve ölçek aralıklarında dağılım açısından kıyaslandı.
Bulgular: Anketi tamamlayan 154 kişinin 84’ü (%54.5) COVID(+) grubunda yer alırken 70’i (%45.5) COVID(-) grubunda yer aldı. İki grup arasında yaş, cinsiyet, sistemik hastalık varlığı ve ilaç kullanımı açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmazken sigara alışkanlığı açısından farklılık tespit edildi. Sigara içen kişi sayısı COVID(-) grubunda daha fazla bulundu (p=0.034). Mann Whitney U ve Chi-square testlerinin sonuçlarına göre iki grup arasında ölçek değerleri ve hastaların ölçek aralıklarına dağılımları açısından istatistiksel farklılık görülmedi.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada periodontal durum ile COVID-19 ilişkisini destekleyecek kanıt elde edilememiştir ve teledişhekimliğiyle belirlenen periodontal açıdan riskli bireylerin yer aldığı, COVID-19 komplikasyon verilerine yer verilen, katılımcı sayısının fazla olduğu ileri klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

References

  • Belser JA, Rota PA, Tumpey TM. Ocular tropism of respiratory viruses. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2013;77(1):144-56.
  • To KK-W, Tsang OT-Y, Yip CC-Y, Chan K-H, Wu T-C, Chan JM-C, et al. Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):841-3.
  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13.
  • Liu L, Wei Q, Alvarez X, Wang H, Du Y, Zhu H, et al. Epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts are early target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the upper respiratory tracts of rhesus macaques. J Virol. 2011;85(8):4025-30.
  • Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):1-6.
  • Wang W-K, Chen S-Y, Liu I-J, Chen Y-C, Chen H-L, Yang C-F, et al. Detection of SARS-associated coronavirus in throat wash and saliva in early diagnosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(7):1213.
  • Robba C, Battaglini D, Pelosi P, Rocco PR. Multiple organ dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2: MODS-CoV-2. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020;14(9):865-8.
  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13.
  • Pitones-Rubio V, Chávez-Cortez EG, Hurtado-Camarena A, González-Rascón A, Serafín-Higuera N. Is periodontal disease a risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness? Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:109969.
  • Sahni V, Gupta S. COVID-19 & Periodontitis: The cytokine connection. Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:109908.
  • Scannapieco FA. Role of oral bacteria in respiratory infection. J Periodontol 1999;70(7):793-802.
  • Takahashi Y, Watanabe N, Kamio N, et al. Aspiration of periodontopathic bacteria due to poor oral hygiene potentially contributes to the aggravation of COVID-19. J Oral Sci 2020;63(1):1-3.
  • Garcia-Huidobro D, Rivera S, Valderrama Chang S, Bravo P, Capurro D. System-wide accelerated implementation of telemedicine in response to COVID-19: Mixed methods evaluation. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(10):e22146.
  • REferans 14 Khan SA, Omar H. Teledentistry in practice: literature review. Telemed J E Health. 2013;19(7):565-7.
  • Referans 15 Rocca MA, Kudryk VL, Pajak JC, Morris T. The evolution of a teledentistry system within the Department of Defense. Proc AMIA Symp. 1999:921-4.
  • Referans 16 World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Jama. 2013;310(20):2191-4.
  • González-Olmo MJ, Delgado-Ramos B, Ruiz-Guillén A, Romero-Maroto M, Carrillo-Díaz M. Oral hygiene habits and possible transmission of COVID-19 among cohabitants. BMC Oral Health 2020;20(1):286.
  • Gilbert AD, Nuttall NM. Self-reporting of periodontal health status. Br Dent J 1999;186(5):241-4.
  • Ruíz-López Del Prado G, Blaya-Nováková V, Saz-Parkinson Z, et al. [Design and validation of an oral health questionnaire for preoperative anaesthetic evaluation]. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2017;67(1):6-14.
  • Kamel AHM, Basuoni A, Salem ZA, AbuBakr N. The impact of oral health status on COVID-19 severity, recovery period and C-reactive protein values. Br Dent J 2021:1-7.
  • Daniel SJ, Kumar S. Teledentistry: a key component in access to care. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2014;14 Suppl:201-8.
  • Rockwell KL, Gilroy AS. Incorporating telemedicine as part of COVID-19 outbreak response systems. Am J Manag Care. 2020;26(4):147-8.
  • Rahman N, Nathwani S, Kandiah T. Teledentistry from a patient perspective during the coronavirus pandemic. Br Dent J. 2020:1-4.
  • Wallace CK, Schofield CE, Burbridge LAL, O'Donnell KL. Role of teledentistry in paediatric dentistry. Br Dent J. 2021:1-6.
  • Axelsson P, Lindhe J. The significance of maintenance care in the treatment of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1981;8(4):281-94.
  • Leung JM, Yang CX, Tam A, Shaipanich T, Hackett TL, Singhera GK, et al. ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5).
  • Lippi G, Henry BM. Active smoking is not associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eur J Intern Med. 2020;75:107-8.
  • Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Henry BM. Active smoking and COVID-19: a double-edged sword. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;77:123-4.
  • Marouf N, Cai W, Said KN, Daas H, Diab H, Chinta VR, et al. Association between periodontitis and severity of COVID-19 infection: A case-control study. J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48(4):483-91.
  • Larvin H, Wilmott S, Wu J, Kang J. The impact of periodontal disease on hospital admission and mortality during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:604980.
  • Larvin H, Wilmott S, Kang J, Aggarwal VR, Pavitt S, Wu J. Additive effect of periodontal disease and obesity on COVID-19 outcomes. J Dent Res. 2021:220345211029638.
  • Anand PS, Jadhav P, Kamath KP, Kumar SR, Vijayalaxmi S, Anil S. A case-control study on the association between periodontitis and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). J Periodontol. 10.1002/JPER.21-0272. Published online: 4 August 2021.

Evaluation Of Oral Hygiene Habits And Periodontal Disease According To The COVID-19 History By Teledentistry: A Cross-Sectional Study

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 200 - 206, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.998414

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate oral hygiene habits and periodontal disease status with teledentistry and to compare oral hygiene and periodontal disease status according to the COVID-19 history.
Materials and Methods: Patients who had applied to our faculty before the pandemic and were reached via teledentistry were included. A questionnaire consisting of 4 sections and 25 questions was administered through telephone conversation. Demographic information, medical history, smoking habits, and COVID-19 history (with [COVID(+)] or without COVID-19 [COVID(-)]) were questioned in the first section, while dental hygiene (DH), environmental dental hygiene (EH), history of periodontal disease (PH) were evaluated in the next three sections. The answers were scored in a way that increased values symbolize negative attitude. Taking into account the minimum and maximum values that can be obtained from the sum of the scores; DH, EH and PH scales with low, medium and high value ranges were created. The groups were compared in terms of the mean value from the scales and the distribution in the scale ranges.
Results: Of the 154 people who completed the survey, 84 (54.5%) were in the COVID(+), while 70 (45.5%) were in the COVID(-). While there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, presence of systemic disease and medication use; there was a difference in smoking habit. The number of smokers was higher in the COVID(-) (p=0.034). According to the results of Mann Whitney U and Chi-square tests, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of scale values and distribution of patients to scale ranges.
Conclusion: There was no evidence to support the relationship between periodontal status and COVID-19, and further clinical studies with a higher number of participants, including individuals with periodontal risk determined by teledentistry, and COVID-19 complication data are needed.

References

  • Belser JA, Rota PA, Tumpey TM. Ocular tropism of respiratory viruses. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2013;77(1):144-56.
  • To KK-W, Tsang OT-Y, Yip CC-Y, Chan K-H, Wu T-C, Chan JM-C, et al. Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):841-3.
  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13.
  • Liu L, Wei Q, Alvarez X, Wang H, Du Y, Zhu H, et al. Epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts are early target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the upper respiratory tracts of rhesus macaques. J Virol. 2011;85(8):4025-30.
  • Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):1-6.
  • Wang W-K, Chen S-Y, Liu I-J, Chen Y-C, Chen H-L, Yang C-F, et al. Detection of SARS-associated coronavirus in throat wash and saliva in early diagnosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(7):1213.
  • Robba C, Battaglini D, Pelosi P, Rocco PR. Multiple organ dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2: MODS-CoV-2. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020;14(9):865-8.
  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13.
  • Pitones-Rubio V, Chávez-Cortez EG, Hurtado-Camarena A, González-Rascón A, Serafín-Higuera N. Is periodontal disease a risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness? Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:109969.
  • Sahni V, Gupta S. COVID-19 & Periodontitis: The cytokine connection. Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:109908.
  • Scannapieco FA. Role of oral bacteria in respiratory infection. J Periodontol 1999;70(7):793-802.
  • Takahashi Y, Watanabe N, Kamio N, et al. Aspiration of periodontopathic bacteria due to poor oral hygiene potentially contributes to the aggravation of COVID-19. J Oral Sci 2020;63(1):1-3.
  • Garcia-Huidobro D, Rivera S, Valderrama Chang S, Bravo P, Capurro D. System-wide accelerated implementation of telemedicine in response to COVID-19: Mixed methods evaluation. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(10):e22146.
  • REferans 14 Khan SA, Omar H. Teledentistry in practice: literature review. Telemed J E Health. 2013;19(7):565-7.
  • Referans 15 Rocca MA, Kudryk VL, Pajak JC, Morris T. The evolution of a teledentistry system within the Department of Defense. Proc AMIA Symp. 1999:921-4.
  • Referans 16 World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Jama. 2013;310(20):2191-4.
  • González-Olmo MJ, Delgado-Ramos B, Ruiz-Guillén A, Romero-Maroto M, Carrillo-Díaz M. Oral hygiene habits and possible transmission of COVID-19 among cohabitants. BMC Oral Health 2020;20(1):286.
  • Gilbert AD, Nuttall NM. Self-reporting of periodontal health status. Br Dent J 1999;186(5):241-4.
  • Ruíz-López Del Prado G, Blaya-Nováková V, Saz-Parkinson Z, et al. [Design and validation of an oral health questionnaire for preoperative anaesthetic evaluation]. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2017;67(1):6-14.
  • Kamel AHM, Basuoni A, Salem ZA, AbuBakr N. The impact of oral health status on COVID-19 severity, recovery period and C-reactive protein values. Br Dent J 2021:1-7.
  • Daniel SJ, Kumar S. Teledentistry: a key component in access to care. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2014;14 Suppl:201-8.
  • Rockwell KL, Gilroy AS. Incorporating telemedicine as part of COVID-19 outbreak response systems. Am J Manag Care. 2020;26(4):147-8.
  • Rahman N, Nathwani S, Kandiah T. Teledentistry from a patient perspective during the coronavirus pandemic. Br Dent J. 2020:1-4.
  • Wallace CK, Schofield CE, Burbridge LAL, O'Donnell KL. Role of teledentistry in paediatric dentistry. Br Dent J. 2021:1-6.
  • Axelsson P, Lindhe J. The significance of maintenance care in the treatment of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1981;8(4):281-94.
  • Leung JM, Yang CX, Tam A, Shaipanich T, Hackett TL, Singhera GK, et al. ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5).
  • Lippi G, Henry BM. Active smoking is not associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eur J Intern Med. 2020;75:107-8.
  • Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Henry BM. Active smoking and COVID-19: a double-edged sword. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;77:123-4.
  • Marouf N, Cai W, Said KN, Daas H, Diab H, Chinta VR, et al. Association between periodontitis and severity of COVID-19 infection: A case-control study. J Clin Periodontol. 2021;48(4):483-91.
  • Larvin H, Wilmott S, Wu J, Kang J. The impact of periodontal disease on hospital admission and mortality during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:604980.
  • Larvin H, Wilmott S, Kang J, Aggarwal VR, Pavitt S, Wu J. Additive effect of periodontal disease and obesity on COVID-19 outcomes. J Dent Res. 2021:220345211029638.
  • Anand PS, Jadhav P, Kamath KP, Kumar SR, Vijayalaxmi S, Anil S. A case-control study on the association between periodontitis and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). J Periodontol. 10.1002/JPER.21-0272. Published online: 4 August 2021.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Dentistry
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ezgi Gürbüz 0000-0001-8774-8537

Ezgi Ceylan 0000-0003-1835-0474

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Acceptance Date November 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Gürbüz E, Ceylan E. COVID-19 Hikayesine Göre Oral Hijyen Alışkanlığının ve Periodontal Hastalık Hikayesinin Teledişhekimliği Aracılığıyla Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Araştırma. J Biotechnol and Strategic Health Res. December 2021;5(3):200-206. doi:10.34084/bshr.998414

Journal of Biotechnology and Strategic Health Research