Research Article

A Critical Reexamination of International Humanitarianism: Power, Ethics, and Critical Human Security across Africa, Asia, and Europe

Number: 9 October 1, 2026
EN TR

A Critical Reexamination of International Humanitarianism: Power, Ethics, and Critical Human Security across Africa, Asia, and Europe

Abstract

This study offers a critical reexamination of international humanitarianism as both a mechanism of power and an ethical project within international relations, situated at the intersection of Critical Human Security (CHS), Critical Security Studies (CSS), and global justice. While humanitarianism presents itself as neutral and morally universal, the paper interrogates its persistent entanglement with geopolitical power, militarization, donor agendas, and strategic interests. Drawing on historical and contemporary cases across Africa, Asia, and Europe, the analysis explores the tension between humanitarian ethical commitments and the political and operational realities of international intervention. The study argues that international humanitarianism functions simultaneously as a tool of global power and as an ethical ideology, challenging conventional assumptions of neutrality, impartiality, and moral exceptionalism. By foregrounding CHS principles—freedom from fear, want, and indignity—and integrating global justice concerns such as equity, accountability, and the redress of structural inequalities, the paper advances a reframing of humanitarian action as both ethically rigorous and politically responsible. It advocates for interventions that prioritize local agency, ethical accountability, and human security outcomes, while critically examining how power relations, climate change, wars, protracted conflicts, and structural inequalities shape humanitarian practices across diverse contexts. The analysis emphasizes the moral and operational responsibilities of states, NGOs, and international institutions, underscoring the inseparability of power, ethics, and human security in contemporary international humanitarianism.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because of there was no study on animals or humans.

References

  1. Anzellini, V. (2022). Global food insecurity is on the rise, so is internal displacement: What is the relationship? Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC). https://www.internal-displacement.org/expert-analysis/global-food-insecurity-is-on-the-rise-so-is-internal-displacement-what-is-the/ (accessed on 12 December 2025).
  2. Barnett, M. (2005). Humanitarianism transformed. Perspectives on Politics, 3(4), 723–740. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592705050401
  3. Benelli, P., Donini, A., & Nilan, N. (2012). Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in uncertain times. Feinstein International Center, Tufts University. https://library.alnap.org/system/files/content/resource/files/main/afghan-uncertain-times.pdf (accessed on 01 December 2025).
  4. Donini, A. (2010). Humanitarianism in the 21st century. Humanitaire. http://journals.openedition.org/humanitaire/771 (accessed on 10 November 2025).
  5. Hadžić, F. (2020a). Bosnia between the Dayton's peace straightjacket, development, and power centers' moral obligation; Solicitation to Biden. Small Wars Journal. https://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/bosnia-between-daytons-peace-straightjacket-development-and-power-centers-moral-obligation (accessed on 09 December 2025).
  6. Hadžić, F. (2020b). The impact of climate change on human security: wars and terrorism. Panoply Journal, 1, 53–56. https://doi.org/10.71166/rx19gq09
  7. Hadžić, F. (2021). Critical security approach to climate change with an emphasis on marginalized global inequalities. In Current Studies in Educational Disciplines (Chapter 1). International Society for Research in Education and Science (ISRES). https://www.isres.org/critical-security-approach-to-climate-change-with-an-emphasis-on-marginalized-global-inequalities-236-s.html (accessed on 02 December 2025).
  8. Hadžić, F. (2022a). Sociopolitics, psychology, and genocracy of global nationalism and neo-racism; Peace and conflict philosophy. Universal Journal of History and Culture, 4(2), 158–193. https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1116521

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Environmental Law, Climate Change Law, Mining, Energy and Natural Resources Law, Ecology, Sustainability and Energy, Political Geography, Countries Geography, Military Sociology , Environmental Sociology, Change, Underdevelopment and Modernisation Sociology, Sociology of Religion, Sociology of Inequalities, Migration Sociology, Sociology of Migration, Ethnicity and Multiculturalism, Sociology of Law, Sociology of Culture, Political Sociology, Social Theory

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Publication Date

October 1, 2026

Submission Date

January 6, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 10, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 9

APA
Hadžić, F. (2026). A Critical Reexamination of International Humanitarianism: Power, Ethics, and Critical Human Security across Africa, Asia, and Europe. Black Sea Journal of Public and Social Science, 9, 160-167. https://doi.org/10.52704/bssocialscience.1857845
AMA
1.Hadžić F. A Critical Reexamination of International Humanitarianism: Power, Ethics, and Critical Human Security across Africa, Asia, and Europe. BSJ Pub. Soc. Sci. 2026;(9):160-167. doi:10.52704/bssocialscience.1857845
Chicago
Hadžić, Faruk. 2026. “A Critical Reexamination of International Humanitarianism: Power, Ethics, and Critical Human Security across Africa, Asia, and Europe”. Black Sea Journal of Public and Social Science, nos. 9: 160-67. https://doi.org/10.52704/bssocialscience.1857845.
EndNote
Hadžić F (October 1, 2026) A Critical Reexamination of International Humanitarianism: Power, Ethics, and Critical Human Security across Africa, Asia, and Europe. Black Sea Journal of Public and Social Science 9 160–167.
IEEE
[1]F. Hadžić, “A Critical Reexamination of International Humanitarianism: Power, Ethics, and Critical Human Security across Africa, Asia, and Europe”, BSJ Pub. Soc. Sci., no. 9, pp. 160–167, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.52704/bssocialscience.1857845.
ISNAD
Hadžić, Faruk. “A Critical Reexamination of International Humanitarianism: Power, Ethics, and Critical Human Security across Africa, Asia, and Europe”. Black Sea Journal of Public and Social Science. 9 (October 1, 2026): 160-167. https://doi.org/10.52704/bssocialscience.1857845.
JAMA
1.Hadžić F. A Critical Reexamination of International Humanitarianism: Power, Ethics, and Critical Human Security across Africa, Asia, and Europe. BSJ Pub. Soc. Sci. 2026;:160–167.
MLA
Hadžić, Faruk. “A Critical Reexamination of International Humanitarianism: Power, Ethics, and Critical Human Security across Africa, Asia, and Europe”. Black Sea Journal of Public and Social Science, no. 9, Oct. 2026, pp. 160-7, doi:10.52704/bssocialscience.1857845.
Vancouver
1.Faruk Hadžić. A Critical Reexamination of International Humanitarianism: Power, Ethics, and Critical Human Security across Africa, Asia, and Europe. BSJ Pub. Soc. Sci. 2026 Oct. 1;(9):160-7. doi:10.52704/bssocialscience.1857845