Studying the Academic Procrastination Theme with Psychodrama: A Case Report
Year 2022,
Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 384 - 395, 20.06.2022
Nilüfer Uyar
,
Bircan Şimşek
Ebru Güç
Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to be evaluated qualitatively of the sharing and awareness of the case participating in the academic procrastination psychodrama experience group within the framework of the literature on academic procrastination. The case is a 30-year-old male, married and living in Eskişehir with his family and is at the dissertation stage of his doctoral education. The psychodrama experience group was planned as 10 sessions of approximately two and a half hours a week and the application were carried out at Psychological Counseling and Guidance Center of Anadolu Unıversıty in 2018-2019 Spring term. The sessions were aimed at increasing the awareness of the participants about themselves and gaining insight into their academic procrastination. The case joined the group in the second session and continued with the group until the end of the group process. In “seed planting” game held in the second session, the case has determined “achieving its professional goals” as its short-term goal and “reaching its ideals” as its long-term goal. During the psychodrama experience group process, it was observed that the case gained significant awareness about himself and his academic procrastination. In the light of the findings, it can be stated that the case made significant gains from this study and therefore psychodrama practice is an effective method for young adults to gain awareness about themselves and to gain insight about their academic procrastination.
References
- Altınay, D. (2015). Psikodramada seçme konular, teoriden pratiğe psikodrama [Selected topics in psychodrama, from theory to practice psychodrama]. İstanbul: Epsilon Yayıncılık.
- Balkıs, M. (2013). Academic procrastination, academic life satisfaction and academic achievement: The mediation role of rational beliefs about studying. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 13(1), 57-74.
- Balkis, M., & Erdinç, D. (2017). Gender differences in the relationship between academic procrastination, satifaction with academic life and academic performance. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 15(1), 105-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14204/ejrep.41.16042
- Baumeister, R. F., Heatherton, T. F. ve Tice, D. M. (1994). Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation. Academic press.
- Beck, B. L., Koons, S. R. ve Milgram, D. L. (2000). Correlates and consequences of behavioral procrastination: The effects of academic procrastination, self-consciousness, self-esteem and self-handicapping. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 15 (5), 3-13.
- Beswick, G., Rothblum, E. D. ve Mann, L. (1988). Psychological antecedents of student procrastination. Australian Psychologist, 23(2), 207-217.
- Blatner, H. A. (2002). Psikodramanın temelleri. [Foundations of Psychodrama] (G. Şen, Çev.) İstanbul: Sistem
- Burka, J. B. & Yuen, L. M. (2008). Procrastination: Why you do it, what to do about it now. Da Capo Press
- Çetin, N., & Ceyhan, E. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranışlarının sürekli kaygı, akılcı olmayan inanç, öz düzenleme ve akademik başarı ile ilişkisi [The Relationship between the Academic Procrastination of High School Students and the Trait Anxiety, Irrational Belief, SelfRegulation and Academic Achievement]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (32), 2, 1-20. doi: 10.16986/HUJE.2017028261
- Dewitte, S. & Schouwenburg, H. C. (2002). Procrastination, temptations, and incentives: The struggle between the present and the future in procrastinators and the punctual. European Journal of Personality, 16(6), 469-489. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.461
- Ellis, A. & Knaus, W. J. (1979). Overcoming procrastination: or, how to think and act rationally in spite of life' s inevitable hassles. Signet.
- Ferrari, J. R. (1991a). Compulsive procrastination: Some self-reported characteristics. Psychological Reports, 68(2), 455-458.
- Ferrari, J. R. (1991b). Self-handicapping by procrastinators: Protecting self-esteem, social-esteem, or both? Journal of Research in Personality, 25(3), 245-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(91)90018-L
- Ferrari, J. R. (2001). Procrastination as self-regulation failure of performance: Effects of cognitive load, self-awareness, and time limits on ‘working best under pressure’. European Journal of Personality, 15(5), 391-406. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.413
- Ferrari, J. R. & Emmons, R. A. (1995). Methods of procrastination and their relation to self-control and self-reinforcement: An exploratory study. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 10(1), 135-142.
- Ferrari, J. R., O’Callaghan, J. & Newbegin, I. (2005). Prevalence of procrastination in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia: Arousal and avoidance delays among adults. North American Journal of Psychology, 7(1), 1-6.
- Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., ve Martin, T. R. (1995). Dimensions of perfectionism and procrastination. In J. R. Ferrari, J. L. Johnson & W. G. McCown (Eds), Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research and treatment (pp. 113-136). New York: Plenum.
- Flett, G., Hewitt, P., Davis, R., ve Sherry, S. (2004). Description and counseling of the perfectionistic procrastinator. In H. Schouwenberg, C. Lay, J. R. Ferrari, & T. Pychyl (Eds.), Counseling the procrastinator in academic settings (pp. 181- 194). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10808-013.
- Gençtan, E. (1976). Tiyatro yolu ile ruhsal tedavi" psikodrama" [Psychotherapy through theater "psychodrama"]. Tiyatro Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(7), 103-112.
- Hill, R. W., Zrull, M. C., & Turlington, S. (1997). Perfectionism and interpersonal problems. Journal of Personality Assessment, 69(1), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6901_5
- Holmes, P. K. (2013). The Handbook of Pyschodrama. (N. Oğuzhanoğlu, Çev.) İstanbul: Nobel.
- Janis, I. L. & Mann, L. (1977). Decision making: A psychological analysis of conflict, choice, and commitment. Free Press.
- Kachgal, M. M., Hansen, L. S. ve Nutter, K. J. (2001). Academic procrastination prevention/intervention: Strategies and recommendations. Journal of Developmental Education, 25(1), 14-24.
- Kağan, M. (2010). Akılcı duygusal davranışsal yaklaşıma dayalı akademik erteleme davranışını önleme programının etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesi [An evaluation the effectiveness of academic procrastination bahavior preventation program based on rational emotive behavioral approach]. Doctorate Dissertattion, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey.
- Kellermann PF. Psikodramaya Derinlemesine Bakış [Focus of psychodrama: The therapeutic aspects of psychodrama]. Gökler B, Gökler Danışman I, Mavili Aktaş A (çeviri) Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık, 2013
- Lay, C. H. (1986). At last, my research article on procrastination. Journal of Research İn Personality, 20(4), 474-495.
Milgram, N. A., Sroloff, B. ve Rosenbaum, M. (1988). The procrastination of everyday life. Journal of Research in Personality, 22(2), 197-212.
- Neenan, M. (2008). Tackling procrastination: An REBT perspective for coaches. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 26(1), 53-62.
- Özbek, A. & Leutz, G. (1987). Psikodrama: Grup psikoterapilerinde sahnesel etkileşim, J.L Moreno’ya göre psikodrama [Psychodrama: Stage interaction in group psychotherapies, psychodrama according to J. L Moreno]. (3. Basım, 2011). Ankara: Ayrıntı Basımevi.
- Rothblum, E. D., Solomon, L. J. & Murakami, J. (1986). Affective, cognitive, and behavioral differences between high and low procrastinators. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33(4), 387.
- Saddler, C. D. & Sacks. (1993). Multidimensional perfectionism and academic procrastination: relationships with depression in university students. Psychological Reports, 73, 863–871.
- Saddler, C. D. & Buley, J. (1999). Predictors of academic procrastination in college students. Psychological Reports, 84(2), 686-688.
- Semb, G., Glick, D. M. & Spencer, R. E. (1979). Student withdrawals and delayed work patterns in self-paced psychology courses. Teaching of Psychology, 6(1), 23-25.
- Senecal, C., Koestner, R. & Vallerand, R. J. (1995). Self-regulation and academic procrastination. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(5), 607-619. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1995.9712234
- Senecal, C., Lavoie, K. & Koestner, R. (1997). Trait and situational factors in procrastination: An interactional model. Journal of Socifal Behavior & Personality. 12(4), 889-903.
- Sharma, M. & Kaur, G. (2011). Gender differences in procrastination and academic stress among adolescents. Indian Journal of Social Science Researches, 8(1-2), 122-127.
- Slade, P. D., Newton, T., Butler, N. M., & Murphy, P. (1991). An experimental analysis of perfectionism and dissatisfaction. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2, 169- 176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00932.x
- Solomon, L. J. & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 503.
- Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: a meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 1-121. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
- Tice D. M. & Baumeister, R. F. (1997). Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health: The costs and benefits of dawdling. Psychological Science, 8 (6), 454-458. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9280.1997.tb00460.x
- Uzun Özer, B. (2010). A path analytic model of procrastination: Testing cognitive, affective and behavioral components. Master’ s Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Uzun Özer, B., O'Callaghan, J., Bokszczanin, A., Ederer, E. & Essau, C. (2014). Dynamic interplay of depression, perfectionism and self-regulation on procrastination. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 42(3), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2014.896454.
Psikodramayla Akademik Erteleme Temasının Çalışılması: Bir Olgu Sunumu
Year 2022,
Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 384 - 395, 20.06.2022
Nilüfer Uyar
,
Bircan Şimşek
Ebru Güç
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, akademik erteleme temalı psikodrama yaşantı grubuna katılan olgunun süreç içerisindeki paylaşım ve farkındalıklarının akademik ertelemeyle ilgili alanyazını çerçevesinde nitel olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Olgu 30 yaşında, erkek, evli ve ailesiyle birlikte Eskişehir’de yaşamakta ve doktora eğitiminin tez aşamasındadır. Psikodrama yaşantı grubu haftada bir yaklaşık iki buçuk saatlik 10 oturum şeklinde planlanmış ve uygulama 2018-2019 Bahar döneminde Anadolu Üniversitesi Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Merkezi’nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Oturumlarda üyelerin kendileriyle ilgili farkındalıklarının arttırılması ve akademik ertelemeleriyle ilgili içgörü kazanmaları amaçlanmıştır. Olgu, gruba ikinci oturumda katılmış ve grup süreci bitimine kadar gruba devam etmiştir. İkinci oturumda gerçekleştirilen tohum ekme oyununda olgu “mesleki olarak hedeflerini gerçekleştirebilme” yi kısa vadeli hedefi,” ideallerine ulaşmayı” da uzun vadeli hedefi olarak belirlemiştir. Psikodrama yaşantı grubu sürecinde olgunun kendisiyle ve akademik ertelemeleriyle ilgili önemli farkındalıklar kazandığı görülmüştür. Bulgular ışığında olgunun bu çalışmadan anlamlı kazanımlar sağladığı ve dolayısıyla psikodrama uygulamasının genç yetişkinlerin kendileriyle ilgili farkındalık kazanımı ve akademik ertelemeleriyle ilgili içgörü edinebilmelerinde etkili bir yöntem olduğu ifade edilebilir.
References
- Altınay, D. (2015). Psikodramada seçme konular, teoriden pratiğe psikodrama [Selected topics in psychodrama, from theory to practice psychodrama]. İstanbul: Epsilon Yayıncılık.
- Balkıs, M. (2013). Academic procrastination, academic life satisfaction and academic achievement: The mediation role of rational beliefs about studying. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, 13(1), 57-74.
- Balkis, M., & Erdinç, D. (2017). Gender differences in the relationship between academic procrastination, satifaction with academic life and academic performance. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 15(1), 105-125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14204/ejrep.41.16042
- Baumeister, R. F., Heatherton, T. F. ve Tice, D. M. (1994). Losing control: How and why people fail at self-regulation. Academic press.
- Beck, B. L., Koons, S. R. ve Milgram, D. L. (2000). Correlates and consequences of behavioral procrastination: The effects of academic procrastination, self-consciousness, self-esteem and self-handicapping. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 15 (5), 3-13.
- Beswick, G., Rothblum, E. D. ve Mann, L. (1988). Psychological antecedents of student procrastination. Australian Psychologist, 23(2), 207-217.
- Blatner, H. A. (2002). Psikodramanın temelleri. [Foundations of Psychodrama] (G. Şen, Çev.) İstanbul: Sistem
- Burka, J. B. & Yuen, L. M. (2008). Procrastination: Why you do it, what to do about it now. Da Capo Press
- Çetin, N., & Ceyhan, E. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinin akademik erteleme davranışlarının sürekli kaygı, akılcı olmayan inanç, öz düzenleme ve akademik başarı ile ilişkisi [The Relationship between the Academic Procrastination of High School Students and the Trait Anxiety, Irrational Belief, SelfRegulation and Academic Achievement]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (32), 2, 1-20. doi: 10.16986/HUJE.2017028261
- Dewitte, S. & Schouwenburg, H. C. (2002). Procrastination, temptations, and incentives: The struggle between the present and the future in procrastinators and the punctual. European Journal of Personality, 16(6), 469-489. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.461
- Ellis, A. & Knaus, W. J. (1979). Overcoming procrastination: or, how to think and act rationally in spite of life' s inevitable hassles. Signet.
- Ferrari, J. R. (1991a). Compulsive procrastination: Some self-reported characteristics. Psychological Reports, 68(2), 455-458.
- Ferrari, J. R. (1991b). Self-handicapping by procrastinators: Protecting self-esteem, social-esteem, or both? Journal of Research in Personality, 25(3), 245-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(91)90018-L
- Ferrari, J. R. (2001). Procrastination as self-regulation failure of performance: Effects of cognitive load, self-awareness, and time limits on ‘working best under pressure’. European Journal of Personality, 15(5), 391-406. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.413
- Ferrari, J. R. & Emmons, R. A. (1995). Methods of procrastination and their relation to self-control and self-reinforcement: An exploratory study. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 10(1), 135-142.
- Ferrari, J. R., O’Callaghan, J. & Newbegin, I. (2005). Prevalence of procrastination in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia: Arousal and avoidance delays among adults. North American Journal of Psychology, 7(1), 1-6.
- Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., ve Martin, T. R. (1995). Dimensions of perfectionism and procrastination. In J. R. Ferrari, J. L. Johnson & W. G. McCown (Eds), Procrastination and task avoidance: Theory, research and treatment (pp. 113-136). New York: Plenum.
- Flett, G., Hewitt, P., Davis, R., ve Sherry, S. (2004). Description and counseling of the perfectionistic procrastinator. In H. Schouwenberg, C. Lay, J. R. Ferrari, & T. Pychyl (Eds.), Counseling the procrastinator in academic settings (pp. 181- 194). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/10808-013.
- Gençtan, E. (1976). Tiyatro yolu ile ruhsal tedavi" psikodrama" [Psychotherapy through theater "psychodrama"]. Tiyatro Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(7), 103-112.
- Hill, R. W., Zrull, M. C., & Turlington, S. (1997). Perfectionism and interpersonal problems. Journal of Personality Assessment, 69(1), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6901_5
- Holmes, P. K. (2013). The Handbook of Pyschodrama. (N. Oğuzhanoğlu, Çev.) İstanbul: Nobel.
- Janis, I. L. & Mann, L. (1977). Decision making: A psychological analysis of conflict, choice, and commitment. Free Press.
- Kachgal, M. M., Hansen, L. S. ve Nutter, K. J. (2001). Academic procrastination prevention/intervention: Strategies and recommendations. Journal of Developmental Education, 25(1), 14-24.
- Kağan, M. (2010). Akılcı duygusal davranışsal yaklaşıma dayalı akademik erteleme davranışını önleme programının etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesi [An evaluation the effectiveness of academic procrastination bahavior preventation program based on rational emotive behavioral approach]. Doctorate Dissertattion, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey.
- Kellermann PF. Psikodramaya Derinlemesine Bakış [Focus of psychodrama: The therapeutic aspects of psychodrama]. Gökler B, Gökler Danışman I, Mavili Aktaş A (çeviri) Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık, 2013
- Lay, C. H. (1986). At last, my research article on procrastination. Journal of Research İn Personality, 20(4), 474-495.
Milgram, N. A., Sroloff, B. ve Rosenbaum, M. (1988). The procrastination of everyday life. Journal of Research in Personality, 22(2), 197-212.
- Neenan, M. (2008). Tackling procrastination: An REBT perspective for coaches. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 26(1), 53-62.
- Özbek, A. & Leutz, G. (1987). Psikodrama: Grup psikoterapilerinde sahnesel etkileşim, J.L Moreno’ya göre psikodrama [Psychodrama: Stage interaction in group psychotherapies, psychodrama according to J. L Moreno]. (3. Basım, 2011). Ankara: Ayrıntı Basımevi.
- Rothblum, E. D., Solomon, L. J. & Murakami, J. (1986). Affective, cognitive, and behavioral differences between high and low procrastinators. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 33(4), 387.
- Saddler, C. D. & Sacks. (1993). Multidimensional perfectionism and academic procrastination: relationships with depression in university students. Psychological Reports, 73, 863–871.
- Saddler, C. D. & Buley, J. (1999). Predictors of academic procrastination in college students. Psychological Reports, 84(2), 686-688.
- Semb, G., Glick, D. M. & Spencer, R. E. (1979). Student withdrawals and delayed work patterns in self-paced psychology courses. Teaching of Psychology, 6(1), 23-25.
- Senecal, C., Koestner, R. & Vallerand, R. J. (1995). Self-regulation and academic procrastination. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(5), 607-619. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1995.9712234
- Senecal, C., Lavoie, K. & Koestner, R. (1997). Trait and situational factors in procrastination: An interactional model. Journal of Socifal Behavior & Personality. 12(4), 889-903.
- Sharma, M. & Kaur, G. (2011). Gender differences in procrastination and academic stress among adolescents. Indian Journal of Social Science Researches, 8(1-2), 122-127.
- Slade, P. D., Newton, T., Butler, N. M., & Murphy, P. (1991). An experimental analysis of perfectionism and dissatisfaction. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2, 169- 176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1991.tb00932.x
- Solomon, L. J. & Rothblum, E. D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 503.
- Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: a meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 1-121. DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65
- Tice D. M. & Baumeister, R. F. (1997). Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health: The costs and benefits of dawdling. Psychological Science, 8 (6), 454-458. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9280.1997.tb00460.x
- Uzun Özer, B. (2010). A path analytic model of procrastination: Testing cognitive, affective and behavioral components. Master’ s Thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Uzun Özer, B., O'Callaghan, J., Bokszczanin, A., Ederer, E. & Essau, C. (2014). Dynamic interplay of depression, perfectionism and self-regulation on procrastination. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 42(3), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2014.896454.