Year 2024,
Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 222 - 231, 17.01.2024
S. Burcu Özgülük Üçok
,
Didem Aydoğan
,
Çiğdem Topcu
,
Ashley K. Randall
References
- Acitelli, L. K., Rogers, S., & Knee, C. R. (1999). The role of identity in the link between relationship thinking and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 16(5), 591–618. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407599165003
- Agnew, C. R., & Etcheverry, P. E. (2006). Cognitive interdependence considering self-in- relationship. In K. D. Vohs & E. J. Finkel (Eds.), Self and relationships: Connecting intrapersonal and interpersonal processes (pp. 274–293). Guilford Press
- Agnew, C. R., Van Lange, P. A., Rusbult, C. E., & Langston, C. A. (1998). Cognitive interdependence: Commitment and the mental representation of close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(4), 939–954. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.4.939
- Arbuckle, J. L. (2012). IBM SPSS Amos 21 Users Guide [Computer software and manual]. IBM.
- Arriaga, X. B., & Agnew, C. R. (2001). Being committed: Affective, cognitive, and conative components of relationship commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(9), 1190–1203.
- Bodenmann, G. (2005). Dyadic coping and its significance in marital functioning. In T. A. Revenson, K. Kayser, & G. Bodenmann (Eds.), Couples coping with stress: Emerging perspectives on dyadic coping (pp. 33– 49). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11031-002
- Bodenmann, G. (2008). Dyadisches Coping Inventar (DCI). Test manual [Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI). Test manual]. Huber & Hogrefe.
- Bodenmann, G., Randall, A. K., & Falconier, M. K. (2016). Coping in couples: The Systemic Transactional Model (STM). In M. K. Falconier, A. K. Randall, & G. Bodenmann (Eds.), Couples coping with stress: A cross-cultural perspective (pp. 5–22). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group
- Buehlman, K. T., Gottman, J. M., & Katz, L. F. (1992). How a couple views their past predicts their future: Predicting divorce from an Oral History Interview. Journal of Family Psychology, 5(3-4), 295–318. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.5.3-4.295
- Cukur, C. S., de Guzman, M. R. T., & Carlo, G. (2004). Religiosity, values, and horizontal and vertical individualism-collectivism: A Study of Turkey, the United States, and the Philippines. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144(6), 613–634. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.144.6.613-634
- Cutrona, C. (1996). Social support in couples: Marriage as a resource in times of stress. Sage.
- Falconier, M. K., Jackson, J. B., Hilpert, P., & Bodenmann, G. (2015). Dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 42, 28–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.07.002
- Fergus, K. D., & Reid, D.W. (2001). The Couple's mutual identity and reflexivity: A Systemic-constructivist approach to the integration of persons and systems. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 11(3), 385–410 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016658301629
- Field, A. P. (2005). Is the meta-analysis of correlation coefficients accurate when population correlations vary? Psychological Methods, 10(4), 444
- Gildersleeve, S. (2015). Capturing the “we-ness” of happy couples through narrative analysis. Connecticut College.
- Gildersleeve, S., Singer, J. A., Skerrett, K., & Shelter, W. (2017). Coding “We-ness” in couple’s relationship stories: A method for assessing mutuality in couple therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 27(3), 313-325 https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2016.1262566
- Gottman, J. M. (2011). The science of trust: Emotional attunement for couples. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Güler, A. (2004). Relationship between self-construals and future time orientations. [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. Middle East Technical University.
- Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1(1), 1–16.
- Hocker, L., Topcu-Uzer, C, Gandhi, Y., Isolani, S., Chiarolanza, C. & Randall, A. K. (2022). English validation of the Chronic and Acute Stress Inventory for use with individuals in a romantic relationship. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2022.2058141
- Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Sage.
- Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations (3rd ed.). McGraw Hill.
- İmamoğlu, E. O. (1998). Individualism and collectivism in a model and scale of balanced differentiation and integration. Journal of Psychology, 132(1), 95-105, https://doi.org/10.1080/00223989809599268
- İmamoğlu, E. O. (2003). Individuation and relatedness: Not opposing, but distinct and complementary. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 129(4), 367-402.
- Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 403-422. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022105275959
- Kelley, H. H. (1979). Personal relationships: Their structure and processes. Erlbaum.
- Kelley, H. H., & Thibaut, J. W. (1978). Interpersonal relations: A theory of interdependence. Wiley.
- Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Guilford.
- Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224–253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
- Meier, T., Milek, A., Mehl, M. R., Nussbeck, F. W, Neysari, M., Bodenmann, G., Martin, M., Zemp, M., & Horn, A. (2021). I blame you, I hear you: Couples’ pronoun use in conflict and dyadic coping. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 38(11), 3265–3287. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075211029721
- Ozdemir, Y., & Sagkal, A. S. (2021). The Couples Satisfaction Index: Turkish Adaptation, Validation, and Reliability Study. Manisa Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences, 19, 273-286. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.854797
- Panayiotou, G. (2005). Love, commitment, and response to conflict among Cypriot dating couples: Two models, one relationship. International Journal of Psychology, 40(2), 108-117.
- Randall, A. K., & Bodenmann, G. (2017). Stress and its associations with relationship satisfaction. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.010
- Reid, D. W., Dalton, E. J., Laderoute, K., Doell, F. K., & Nguyen, T. (2006). Therapeutically induced changes in couple identity: The role of we-ness and interpersonal processing in relationship satisfaction. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 132(3), 241–284. https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.132.3.241-288
- Rusbult, C. E. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(1), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.101
- Seider, B. H., Hirschberger, G., Nelson, K. L., & Levenson, R. W. (2009). We can work it out: Age differences in relational pronouns, physiology, and behavior in marital conflict. Psychology and Aging, 24(3), 604–613. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016950
- Singer, J. A., Labunko, B., Alea, N., & Baddeley, J. L. (2015). Mutuality and Marital Engagement – Type of Union Scale [ME (To US)]: Empirical support for a clinical instrument in couples therapy. In K. Skerrett & K. Fergus (Eds.), Couple resilience (pp. 108–119). Springer.
- Skerrett, K. (2003). Couple dialogues with illness: Expanding the 'we'. Families, Systems, & Health, 21(1), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0089503
- Terzino, K. A., & Cross, S. E. (2009). Predicting Commitment in New Relationships: Interactive Effects of Relational Self-construal and Power. Self & Identity, 8(4), 321-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860802102273
- Topcu-Uzer, C., Randall, A. K., Vedes, A. M., Reid, D. & Bodenmann, G. (2020). We-ness Questionnaire: Development and validation. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 20(3), 256-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2020.1805082
- Whitton, S. W., & Kuryluk, A. D. (2012). Relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms in emerging adults: cross-sectional associations and moderating effects of relationship characteristics. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(2), 226.
Adaptation and Validation of the We-ness Questionnaire in a Turkish Sample
Year 2024,
Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 222 - 231, 17.01.2024
S. Burcu Özgülük Üçok
,
Didem Aydoğan
,
Çiğdem Topcu
,
Ashley K. Randall
Abstract
We-ness refers to a feeling of unity between partners, and a mental representation of the relationship as a shared identity. Despite its relevance, research on understanding partners’ sense of we-ness is limited in collectivist cultures such as Turkey. A psychometrically sound measure of we-ness is needed to increase research on we-ness. Hence, this study aimed to examine the basic psychometrics of the We-ness Questionnaire. Two hundred and nineteen married individuals participated in this study and completed the Turkish version of the We-ness Questionnaire along with the Turkish version of the Couple Satisfaction Index, Self-developmental Orientation Subscale, and Inter-relational Orientation Subscale of the Balanced Integration and Differentiation Scale. The one-factor structure of the We-ness Questionnaire was confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis. Adequate convergent and discriminant validity besides satisfactory internal consistency results were achieved as a result of these analyses. Based on the preliminary investigation, the Turkish We-ness Questionnaire proved to be a promising measure of we-ness in Turkish married individuals. As such, the findings of this study were discussed regarding the previous literature, limitations were pointed out, and suggestions for future research were given.
References
- Acitelli, L. K., Rogers, S., & Knee, C. R. (1999). The role of identity in the link between relationship thinking and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 16(5), 591–618. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407599165003
- Agnew, C. R., & Etcheverry, P. E. (2006). Cognitive interdependence considering self-in- relationship. In K. D. Vohs & E. J. Finkel (Eds.), Self and relationships: Connecting intrapersonal and interpersonal processes (pp. 274–293). Guilford Press
- Agnew, C. R., Van Lange, P. A., Rusbult, C. E., & Langston, C. A. (1998). Cognitive interdependence: Commitment and the mental representation of close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(4), 939–954. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.4.939
- Arbuckle, J. L. (2012). IBM SPSS Amos 21 Users Guide [Computer software and manual]. IBM.
- Arriaga, X. B., & Agnew, C. R. (2001). Being committed: Affective, cognitive, and conative components of relationship commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(9), 1190–1203.
- Bodenmann, G. (2005). Dyadic coping and its significance in marital functioning. In T. A. Revenson, K. Kayser, & G. Bodenmann (Eds.), Couples coping with stress: Emerging perspectives on dyadic coping (pp. 33– 49). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11031-002
- Bodenmann, G. (2008). Dyadisches Coping Inventar (DCI). Test manual [Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI). Test manual]. Huber & Hogrefe.
- Bodenmann, G., Randall, A. K., & Falconier, M. K. (2016). Coping in couples: The Systemic Transactional Model (STM). In M. K. Falconier, A. K. Randall, & G. Bodenmann (Eds.), Couples coping with stress: A cross-cultural perspective (pp. 5–22). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group
- Buehlman, K. T., Gottman, J. M., & Katz, L. F. (1992). How a couple views their past predicts their future: Predicting divorce from an Oral History Interview. Journal of Family Psychology, 5(3-4), 295–318. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.5.3-4.295
- Cukur, C. S., de Guzman, M. R. T., & Carlo, G. (2004). Religiosity, values, and horizontal and vertical individualism-collectivism: A Study of Turkey, the United States, and the Philippines. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144(6), 613–634. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.144.6.613-634
- Cutrona, C. (1996). Social support in couples: Marriage as a resource in times of stress. Sage.
- Falconier, M. K., Jackson, J. B., Hilpert, P., & Bodenmann, G. (2015). Dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 42, 28–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.07.002
- Fergus, K. D., & Reid, D.W. (2001). The Couple's mutual identity and reflexivity: A Systemic-constructivist approach to the integration of persons and systems. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 11(3), 385–410 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016658301629
- Field, A. P. (2005). Is the meta-analysis of correlation coefficients accurate when population correlations vary? Psychological Methods, 10(4), 444
- Gildersleeve, S. (2015). Capturing the “we-ness” of happy couples through narrative analysis. Connecticut College.
- Gildersleeve, S., Singer, J. A., Skerrett, K., & Shelter, W. (2017). Coding “We-ness” in couple’s relationship stories: A method for assessing mutuality in couple therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 27(3), 313-325 https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2016.1262566
- Gottman, J. M. (2011). The science of trust: Emotional attunement for couples. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Güler, A. (2004). Relationship between self-construals and future time orientations. [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. Middle East Technical University.
- Hambleton, R. K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1(1), 1–16.
- Hocker, L., Topcu-Uzer, C, Gandhi, Y., Isolani, S., Chiarolanza, C. & Randall, A. K. (2022). English validation of the Chronic and Acute Stress Inventory for use with individuals in a romantic relationship. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2022.2058141
- Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Sage.
- Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations (3rd ed.). McGraw Hill.
- İmamoğlu, E. O. (1998). Individualism and collectivism in a model and scale of balanced differentiation and integration. Journal of Psychology, 132(1), 95-105, https://doi.org/10.1080/00223989809599268
- İmamoğlu, E. O. (2003). Individuation and relatedness: Not opposing, but distinct and complementary. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 129(4), 367-402.
- Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 403-422. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022105275959
- Kelley, H. H. (1979). Personal relationships: Their structure and processes. Erlbaum.
- Kelley, H. H., & Thibaut, J. W. (1978). Interpersonal relations: A theory of interdependence. Wiley.
- Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Guilford.
- Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224–253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
- Meier, T., Milek, A., Mehl, M. R., Nussbeck, F. W, Neysari, M., Bodenmann, G., Martin, M., Zemp, M., & Horn, A. (2021). I blame you, I hear you: Couples’ pronoun use in conflict and dyadic coping. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 38(11), 3265–3287. https://doi.org/10.1177/02654075211029721
- Ozdemir, Y., & Sagkal, A. S. (2021). The Couples Satisfaction Index: Turkish Adaptation, Validation, and Reliability Study. Manisa Celal Bayar University Journal of Social Sciences, 19, 273-286. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.854797
- Panayiotou, G. (2005). Love, commitment, and response to conflict among Cypriot dating couples: Two models, one relationship. International Journal of Psychology, 40(2), 108-117.
- Randall, A. K., & Bodenmann, G. (2017). Stress and its associations with relationship satisfaction. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.010
- Reid, D. W., Dalton, E. J., Laderoute, K., Doell, F. K., & Nguyen, T. (2006). Therapeutically induced changes in couple identity: The role of we-ness and interpersonal processing in relationship satisfaction. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 132(3), 241–284. https://doi.org/10.3200/MONO.132.3.241-288
- Rusbult, C. E. (1983). A longitudinal test of the investment model: The development (and deterioration) of satisfaction and commitment in heterosexual involvements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(1), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.1.101
- Seider, B. H., Hirschberger, G., Nelson, K. L., & Levenson, R. W. (2009). We can work it out: Age differences in relational pronouns, physiology, and behavior in marital conflict. Psychology and Aging, 24(3), 604–613. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016950
- Singer, J. A., Labunko, B., Alea, N., & Baddeley, J. L. (2015). Mutuality and Marital Engagement – Type of Union Scale [ME (To US)]: Empirical support for a clinical instrument in couples therapy. In K. Skerrett & K. Fergus (Eds.), Couple resilience (pp. 108–119). Springer.
- Skerrett, K. (2003). Couple dialogues with illness: Expanding the 'we'. Families, Systems, & Health, 21(1), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0089503
- Terzino, K. A., & Cross, S. E. (2009). Predicting Commitment in New Relationships: Interactive Effects of Relational Self-construal and Power. Self & Identity, 8(4), 321-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860802102273
- Topcu-Uzer, C., Randall, A. K., Vedes, A. M., Reid, D. & Bodenmann, G. (2020). We-ness Questionnaire: Development and validation. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 20(3), 256-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2020.1805082
- Whitton, S. W., & Kuryluk, A. D. (2012). Relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms in emerging adults: cross-sectional associations and moderating effects of relationship characteristics. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(2), 226.