Cross Boundary Virtual Museum Experiences of Pre-service Social Studies Teachers during the Pandemic

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 577 - 594, 31.07.2024

Hülya Gölgesiz

Abstract

The present study aimed to examine the experiences of the 18 senior class pre-service social studies teachers based on virtual tours of the Hermitage, Louvre, and British museums in the scope of the online “Museum Education and Historical Places” course during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The study investigated their views on the benefits of their experience with the aforementioned museums for the purposes of social studies courses. The study design was based on a holistic single case method. Accordingly, the study data was collected by means of the reports of the pre-service teachers, online forum comments, and focus group interviews. Content and descriptive analysis techniques were used to assess the study data. Results of the study suggested a potential use of the virtual collections of museums in social studies teaching from the perspective of pre-service teachers and indicated the extraordinary impact of these experiences on participants. Therefore, the research suggested that an awareness about virtual museum activities should be raised in the undergraduate level to foster a wider and productive use of virtual museums in the educational environment.

Keywords

Covid-19 Pandemic, museum education, social studies education, teacher education, virtual museum

Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Covid-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Sınır Ötesi Sanal Müze Deneyimleri

Abstract

Bu araştırmada COVID 19 virüsü kaynaklı küresel salgın döneminde “Müze Eğitimi ve Tarihi Mekânlar” dersini çevrimiçi alan 18 son sınıf sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayının ders içinde Ermitaj, Louvre ve British müzelerine ilişkin sanal müze deneyimleri ve bu müzelerden sosyal bilgiler derslerinde yararlanma potansiyeli ile ilgili görüşlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bütüncül tek durum desenine uygun olarak kurgulanmış olan bu nitel araştırmanın verileri öğretmen adaylarının raporları, çevrimiçi forum yorumları ve odak grup görüşmelerinden elde edilmiştir. Veriler betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi teknikleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma katılımcıların bakış açısından belirtilen müzelerin sanal koleksiyonlarının sosyal bilgiler öğretimi için önemli bir kaynak özelliği taşıdığını ortaya koymaktadır. Diğer yandan bulgulara dayanarak bu sanal müze deneyimlerinin öğretmen adaylarında mesleki katkıların ötesinde bireysel açıdan da olağanüstü bir etki yarattığını söylemek mümkündür. Bu nedenle araştırma sonuçlarına dayanarak sanal müzelerin eğitim ortamında daha yaygın ve verimli kullanımı için lisans düzeyinde öğretmen adaylarının sanal müze etkinliklerine ilişkin farkındalıklarının ve becerilerinin artırılması gerektiği önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Covid-19 Pandemisi, müze eğitimi, sosyal bilgiler eğitimi, öğretmen ağitimi, sanal müze

References

• Referens1 Aktaş, V. (2017). The attitudes of the teachers of social studies about the use of virtual museum (Publication No. 469632) [Master dissertation, Marmara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Referans2 Aladağ, E., Akkaya, D. & Şensöz G. (2014). Evaluatıon of usıng vırtual museums ın socıal studıes lessons accordıng to teacher’s view. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2), 199- 217.
• Referans3 Ata, B. (2010). Sosyal bilgiler öğretiminde müzelerin önemi [The importance of museums in social studies teaching]. In Turan, R. & Ulusoy, K. (Eds.), Sosyal bilgilerin temelleri [Fundamentals of social study] (pp.191 – 205). Istanbul: Pegem.
• Referans4 Avcı- Akçalı, A. (2015). Perception of outdoor history teaching in theory and practice: Opinions of teachers and prospective teachers. Education and Science, 40(181), 117 -137. Doi:10.15390/eb.2015.4299
• Referans5 Baker, S.C., Wentz, R.K. & Woods, M.M. (2009). Using virtual worlds in education: second life[r] as an educational tool. Teaching of Psychology, 36(1), 59-64. DOI: 10.1080/00986280802529079
• Referans6 Bouck, E. C., Courtad, C. A., Heutsche, A., Okolo, C.M. & Englert, C.C (2009). The Virtual History Museum: A universally designed approach to social studies instruction. Teaching Exceptional Children, 42(2), 14-20. DOI:10.1177/004005990904200202
• Referans7 Buyurgan, S. (2006). Müze eğitimi [Museum education], Sanat Sokağı, 1, 22 -25.
• Referans8 Buyurgan, S. (2017). Verimli bir müze ziyareti nasıl gerçekleştirilir? [How to organize a productive museum visit?]. Milli Eğitim, 214, 317-343.
• Referans9 Canlı, K. (2016). The views of teachers, students and parents about virtual museum application in the 4th grade primary school visual arts course (Publication No. 430678) [Master dissertation, Necmettin Erbakan University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Referans10 Christal, M.E. (2003). Virtual museum projects for culturally responsive teaching in American Indian education (Publication No. 3110762) [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas]. ProQuest Dissertions Publishing.
• Referans11 Clough, G.W. (2013). Best of both worlds museums, libraries and archives in digital age. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution https://doi.org/10.5479/si.9780981950013
• Referans12 Clutterbuck, R. (2008). Making sense of museums. In I. San (Ed.), Education and Museum Seminars, October 18 -21 2007, (pp. 63 – 70). Kök.
• Referans13 Corona, L. (2021). Museums and communication: The case of the Louvre Museum at the COVID-19 Age. Humanities and Social Science Research, 4(1). 15- 26. https://doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v4n1p15
• Referans14 Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson Education.
• Referans15 Çalışkan, E., Önal, N. & Yazıcı, K. (2016). What do social studies pre-service teachers think about virtual museums for instructional activities? Turkish Studies, 11(3), 689-706.
• Referans16 Çalışkan, H. & Çerkez, S. (2012). An Evaluation of education with museum practices in social studies classes based on student views. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(1), 162- 173.
• Referans17 Çengelci, T. (2013). Social studies teachers’ Views on learning outside the classroom. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 13(3), 1823-1841. DOI: 10.12738/estp.2013.3.1410.
• Referans18 Çınar, C., Utkugün, C. & Gazel, A.A. (2021). Student Opinions about the Use of Virtual Museum in Social Studies Lesson. International Journal of Social and Educational Sciences, 16, 174 – 194. https://doi.org/10.20860/ijoses.1017419
• Referans19 Daniella, L. (2020). Virtual museums as learning agents. Sustainability, 12(7), 1-24. http://dx.doi:10.3390/su12072698
• Referans20 Demir, A. (2015). Approaches of social studies teachers to the realization of attainments related to museum education in social studies curriculum (A case study in the city of Tokat) (Publication No. 395142) [Master dissertation, Gaziosmanpaşa University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Referans21 Demirboğa, E. (2010). The effects of virtual museum tours on students cognitive and affective abilities (Publication No. 279618) (Master dissertation, Gazi University). Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Referans22 Dilmaç, O. (2016). The effect of active learning techniques on class teacher candidates’ success rates and attitudes toward their museum theory and application unit in their visual arts course. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 16(5), 1587-1618. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2016.5.0108
• Referans23 Egüz, Ş & Kesten, A (2012). Teachers and students’ opinions regarding learning with museum in social studies course: Case of Samsun. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 13(1), 8-103.
• Referans24 Ekmekçi, S. (2015). Perceptions of history teachers about museum visits: Sample of Trabzon (Publication No. 407712) [Master dissertation, Karadeniz Technical University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Referans25 Falk, J. (2022). Making the case for the value of museum experiences, Museum Management and Curatorship, 1- 16. DOI: 10.1080/09647775.2021.2023906
• Referans26 Filiz, N. (2010). Use of museum in social studies teaching (Publication No. 279840). (Master dissertation, Marmara University), Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Referans27 Gartenhaus, A.R. (2000). Minds in motion-using museums to expand creative thinking (trs. R. Mergenci & B. Onur). Ankara University Child Culture Research and Application Center.
• Referans28 Garzón, J & Acevado, J. (2019). Meta- analysis of the impact of Augmented Reality on students’ learning gains. Educator Research Review, 27, 244-260.
• Referans29 Görmez, E. (2020). A study on social studies teacher candidates’ views on museums. Elementary Education Online, 19(3), 1465 -1475.
• Referans30 Güler, S. & Alkış, S. (2003). Sosyal bilgiler öğretiminde müze gezilerinin iletişimsel boyutu [Communicational dimension of museum trips in social studies teaching] Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1), 63 -78.
• Referans31 Hawkey, R. (2004). Learning with digital technologies in museums, science centers and galleries, Nesta Futurelab Series, Report 9, King College, London. https://www.nfer.ac.uk/publications/futl70/futl70.pdf
• Referans32 Hein, G. H. (2006). Progressive education and museum education. Journal of Museum Education, 31(3), 161-173. DOI: 10.1080/10598650.2006.11510544
• Referans33 ICOM (2020). Museums, museum professionals and COVID-19: Survey results. International Council of Museums. https://icom.museum/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Report-Museums-and-COVID-19.pdf
• Referans34 Ilhan, G.O., Tokmak, A & Aktaş, V. (2021). Virtual museum experiences of social studies teacher candidates. Journal of International Museum Education, 3(1). 74-93.
• Referans35 Ismaeel, D.A., & Al-Abdullatif, A.M. (2016). The impact of an interactive virtual museum on students' attitudes toward cultural heritage education in the region of Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn., 11, 32-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i04.5300
• Referans36 Işlek, D. (2021). The effect of museum education practices integrated with virtual teaching environments on achievement levels of preschool teacher candidates during the pandemic. Revısta de Cercetare Sı Interventıe Socıala, 73, 133-153.
• Referans37 Işlek, D. & Danju, I. (2019). The effect of museum education practices carried out on virtual teaching environments on prospective teachers’ views, Revısta de Cercetare Sı Interventıe Socıala, 67(2), 114- 135.
• Referans38 Kafadar, T. (2020). Virtual museum experiences of social studies prospective teachers. The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational & Social Sciences, 18, 109-112.
• Referans39 Kahn, R. (2020). Corona as Curator: How museums are responding to the pandemic. Elefant in the Lab doi:10.5281/zenodo.3751749
• Referans40 Kampouropoulou, M. , Fokiali, P., Efstathiou, I & Stefos, E. (2013). The virtual museum in educational practice. Review of European Studies, 5(4), 120-129. doi:10.5539/res.v5n4p120
• Referans41 Karadeniz, C. & Çıldır, Z. (2012). İngiltere’de müze eğitimi “Londra’dan izlenimler” [Museum education in Great Britain “impressions from London”]. (Ed. Onur, B.) Kalemkitap.
• Referans42 Karakaya, İ. (2015). Secondary school students' habits of visiting museums for the social sciences course (In the case of Giresun province) (Publication No. 407616) [Master dissertation, Giresun University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Referans43 Karataş, S., Yılmaz. A., Kapanoğlu, G. & Meriçelli, M. (2016). An investigation of teachers’ opinions about virtual museums. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching 5(1), 112 -125.
• Referans44 Kashack, J. C. (2014). Museum visits in social studies: The role of methods course. Social Studies Research and Practice, 9(1). 107- 118.
• Referans45 Katz, J.E. & Halpern, D. (2015). Can virtual museums motivate students? Toward a constructivist learning approach. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24(6), 776-788.
• Referans 46 Kaya, R. & Okumuş, O. (2018). An evaluation of the use of virtual museums in history courses by student opinion. Turkish History Education Journal, 7(1), 113-153.
• Referans47 Kırca, S. S. (2008). A study on museum visit habits of visitors and factors affecting museum preference (Publication No. 228834) [Master dissertation, Sakarya University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Referans148 Kırksekiz, A., İşbulan, O. Kiper, A., Tercan, S.S. & Kıyıcı, M. (2020). A new alternative to museum activities in teaching social studies course: 360-degree videos as a virtual museum. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 10(2), 398-414. Doi: 10.19126/suje.730350
• Referans49 Kısa, Y. (2012). Social studies teacher and student evaluation of teaching museum of use of opinions: Museums Afyonkarahisar (Publication No.314221) (Master dissertation, Afyon Kocatepe University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Referans50 Koca, N. & Daşdemir, İ. (2018). Vırtual tour application in social studies. Turkish Studies, 13(27), 1007-1016. DOI: 10.7827/TurkishStudies.14420
• Referans51 Mamur, N., Özsoy, V., & Karagöz, İ. (2020). Digital learning experience in museums: Cultural readings in a virtual environment. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 7(2), 335-350. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.799643
• Referans52 McKenzie, J. (1995). Virtual museums: Full of sound and fury signifying… . From Now on The Educational Technology Journal, 5(5). http://www.fno.org/FNOJan95.html
• Referans53 McKenzie, J. (1997). Building virtual museum community. Museums & The Web Conference, Getty Information Institute, March 16-19. Los Angeles. http://fno.org/museum/museweb.html
• Referans54 MEB (2018). Social studies curriculum (primary and secondary school 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th grades). Ministry of National Education of Turkish Republic. http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/Dosyalar/201812103847686-SOSYAL%20B%C4%B0LG%C4%B0LER%20%C3%96%C4%9ERET%C4%B0M%20PROGRAMI%20.pdf
• Referans55 Memişoğlu, H. & Kamçı, S. (2013). Museum of social studies in education students’ attitudes and views. International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications, 4(3), 121- 138.
• Referans56 Mercin, L. (2006). Museums and society. https://www.ayk.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Yrd.-Do%c3%a7.-Dr.-Levent-MERC%c4%b0N-M%c3%9cZELER-VE-TOPLUM.pdf
• Referans57 Merriam, S. B. & Tisdell, E.J. (2016). Qualitative Research: A guide to design and implementation. CA Jossey Bass.
• Referans58 NCSS (2006). A vision of powerful teaching and learning in the social studies. Social Education, 80(3), 180-182
• Referans59 Nunez, J. D. (2021). Teaching historical skills using monuments, markers, and online museums (Publication No. 28413604) (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Alabama ). ProQuest Dissertions Publishing.
• Referans60 Öztürk- Kömleksiz, F. & Gökmenoğlu, T. (2020). A situation determination study in the preparation process of the museum education booklet: The TRNC example. Milli Eğitim, 49(228), 365-385.
• Referans61 Peker, N. (2014). Use of virtual museum in social studies and social studies teachers 'attitudes to use virtual museum of candidate (Publication No. 376690) [Master dissertation, Aksaray University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Referans62 Schweibenz, W. (2019). The virtual museum: an overview of its origins, concepts, and terminology. The Museum Review, 4(1),
• Referans63 Seidel, S. & Hudson, K. (1999). Museum education and cultural identity [ed. B. Onur; trans. B. Ata] Ankara University Publications.
• Referans64 Skamantzari, M. & Georgopoulos, A. (2016). 3D visualization for virtual museum development. Proceedings of The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2016 XXIII ISPRS Congress, XLI-B5, (pp. 961–968), Prague, Czech Republic: ISPRS Publications.
• Referans65 Stinson, S.T. (2001). The effect of a Web-based museum tour on the social studies achievement of fifth grade students (Publication No. 3004087) [Doctoral dissertation, Universtiy of Huston]. ProQuest Dissertions Publishing.
• Referans66 Sungur, T. & Bülbül, H. (2019). The opinions of the prospective classroom teachers on the applications of virtual museum. Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Jounal of Faculty of Education, 19(2), 652-666.
• Referans67 Şentürk, M. (2019). The opinions of social studies teachers and 7th grade students on the use of a museum: Manisa sample (Publication No. 565289) [Master dissertation, Afyon Kocatepe University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Referans68 Torch, C. (2010). European museums and interculture. Responding to challenges in globalized world. Stockholm: Culture and Cultural and Natural Heritage of the Council of Europe. www.coe.int/culture
• Referans69 Tsichritzis, D. &, Gibbs, S. (1991). Virtual museums and virtual realities. Proceedings of International Conference on Hypermedia & Interactivity in Museums, (pp.17-25). Archives & Museum Informatics.
• Referans70 Turgut, G. (2015). Benefit from the virtual museum as an educational tool in social studies lessons (Publication No. 413995) [Master dissertation, Adnan Menderes University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
• Referans71 Ulusoy, K. (2010). Open education students’ perspectives on using virtual museums application in teaching history subjects, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 11(4), 36 – 46.
• Referans72 Ulvay, G. F. & Ozkul, A. E. (2017). Museum education's contribution to multicultural education. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(1), 639- 652.
• Referans73 Ustaoğlu, A. (2012). The effect of using virtual museum in “travel in history of Turkish” unit of primary education 7th grade social studies course on student’s academic success (Publication No. 317060)
• Referans74 Uztemur, S., Dinc, E., & Acun, I. (2019). Teaching social studies in historic places and museums: An activity-based action research. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 5(1), 252-271.
• Referans75 Yeşilbursa, C. C. & Uslu, S. (2014). Pre-service social studies teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs toward museum education. International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 5(16), 410-428.
• Referans76 Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Oualitative research methods in the social studies]. Seçkin.
• Referans77 Yıldırım, T. & Tahiroğlu, M. (2012). The effects of virtual museum visits on elementary students’ attitudes towards social studies courses. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 11(39), 104-114.
• Referans78 Yılmaz, K. & Şeker, M. (2011). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin müze gezilerine ve müzelerin sosyal bilgiler öğretiminde kullanılmasına ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi [Investigation of Primary School Students' Views on Museum Visits and the Use of Museums in Social Studies Teaching] Journal of Istanbul Aydın University, 3(9), 21-39..
• Referans79 Yin, R. K. (2013). Case study research: Design and methods. Sage