Research Article
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L2 Learning Effort of Students Majoring in English Language and Literature

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 29.01.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışma, İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı bölümü öğrencilerinin yabancı dil öğrenme çabalarını araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Betimsel tarama deseninde gerçekleştirilen araştırmaya toplam 150 lisans öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırma betimsel tarama deseninde tasarlanmış ve toplam 150 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yabancı dil öğrenme çabasını ölçmek için Yabancı Dil Öğrenme Çabası Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizi ölçek ve alt ölçekler için popülasyon dağılımının normalliği göz önünde bulundurularak parametrik ve parametrik olmayan testler ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler doğrultusunda, öğrencilerin dil öğrenme çabasını sıklıkla gösterdiği ve prosedürel çabanın en yüksek düzeyde gösterilen çaba olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Belirlenen öğrenci özelliklerinin çaba üzerindeki etkisine bakıldığında, yaş ve algılanan yabancı dil düzeyinin anlamlı bir etkisi görülmezken cinsiyet ve eğitim yılı değişkenlerine göre öğrenci cevaplarında anlamlı farklılaşma olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kız öğrencilerin çaba düzeyi erkek öğrencilere oranla daha yüksek bulunmuş; gösterilen dil öğrenme çabasının eğitim yılı ilerledikçe düştüğü, yalnızca son sınıf öğrencilerinin tüm öğrenci grupları arasında en yüksek çaba düzeyine sahip sınıf olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar tartışılarak öneriler sunulmuştur.

Thanks

The author thanks to the students participating in the study.

References

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  • Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 261. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261
  • Arratibel, A. P., & Bueno-Alastuey, M. C. (2015). The influence of socio-economic background, personal effort and motivation on English proficiency. Huarte de San Juan. Filología y Didáctica de la Lengua, (15), 43-65. http://revista-hsj-filologia.unavarra.es/article/view/3097
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
  • Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
  • Bozick, R. N., & Dempsey T. L. (2010). Effort. In Rosen, J. A., Glennie, E. J., Dalton, B. W., Lennon, J. M. & R. N., Bozick (Eds.), Noncognitive skills in the classroom: New perspectives on educational research (pp. 39–68). RTI International.
  • Carbonaro, W. (2005). Tracking, students' effort, and academic achievement. Sociology of Education, 78(1), 27-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/003804070507800102
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th Ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2011). Teaching and researching: Motivation. Longman.
  • Ellis, R. (1994). Understanding second language acquisition. Oxford University Press.
  • Ersoy, F. (2021). Returns to effort: experimental evidence from an online language platform. Experimental Economics, 24(3), 1047-1073. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-020-09689-1
  • Falout, J., Elwood, J., & Hood, M. (2009). Demotivation: Affective states and learning outcomes. System, 37(3), 403-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2009.03.004
  • Falout, J., & Maruyama, M. (2004). A comparative study of proficiency and learner demotivation. The Language Teacher, 28(8), 3-9. https://jalt-publications.org/tlt/issues/2004-08_28.8
  • Gao, X. A. (2010). Autonomous language learning against all odds. System, 38(4), 580-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2010.09.011
  • Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. Edward Arnold Publishers.
  • Gardner, R. C. (2006). The socio-educational model of second language acquisition: A research paradigm. Eurosla Yearbook, 6(1), 237-260. https://doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.6.14gar
  • Gardner, C. R., & Lambert, E. W. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning. Newbury House Publishers.
  • Genç, G. (2016). Attributions to Success and Failure in English Language Learning: The Effects of Gender, Age and Perceived Success. Online Submission, 2(12), 26-43. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED571489.pdf
  • Genç, G., & Köksal, D. (2021). Foreign Language Learning Effort and Use of Digital Media among Digital Natives: A Case Study from an Urban Secondary School. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 15(1), 17-37. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1295579.pdf
  • Getie, A. S. (2020). Factors affecting the attitudes of students towards learning English as a foreign language. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1738184. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1738184
  • Karabiyik, C., & Mirici, I. H. (2018). Development and validation of the foreign language learning effort scale for Turkish tertiary-level students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 18(2), 373-395. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/estp.2018.2.0010
  • Kelly, S. (2008). What types of students' effort are rewarded with high marks? Sociology of Education, 81(1), 32-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/003804070808100102
  • Noels, K. A., Lascano, D. I. V., & Saumure, K. (2019). The development of self-determination across the language course: Trajectories of motivational change and the dynamic interplay of psychological needs, orientations, and engagement. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 41(4), 821-851. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263118000189
  • Oxford, R., & Shearin, J. (1994). Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework. The Modern Language Journal, 78(1), 12-28. https://doi.org/10.2307/329249
  • Özer, S. (2020). Foreign language learning effort levels of students in English for Specific Purposes. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 16(3), 1352-1367. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.803772
  • Özer, S., & Başarır, F. (2020). Öğretmen adaylarının ingilizce özyeterlik inançlarının algılanan başarıları üzerindeki etkisi: Dil öğrenme çabasının aracı rolü [The predictiveness of prospective teachers’ English self-efficacy beliefs on their perceived success: The mediating role of language learning effort]. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 16(Special Issue). 5704-5731. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.771847
  • Patron, H., & Lopez, S. (2011). Student effort, consistency, and online performance. Journal of Educators Online, 8(2), 1-11. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ941408.pdf
  • Ryan, S. (2009). Self and identity in L2 motivation in Japan: The ideal L2 self and Japanese learners. In Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (Eds.). Motivation, language identity and the L2 self. Multilingual Matters.
  • Seçer, İ., (2015). SPSS ve LISREL ile pratik veri analizi: Analiz ve raporlaştırma [Practical data analysis with SPSS and LISREL: Analysis and Reporting](2nd Ed.). Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92(4), 548-573. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.92.4.548
  • Wolters, C. A. (1999). The relation between high school students' motivational regulation and their use of learning strategies, effort, and classroom performance. Learning and Individual Differences, 11(3), 281-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1041-6080(99)80004-1
  • Yagcioglu, O. (2015). New approaches on learner autonomy in language learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199, 428-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.529
  • Yetkin, R., & Ekin, S. (2018). Motivational orientations of secondary school EFL learners toward language learning. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 375-388. https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.464202
  • Yeung, A. S. (2011). Student self-concept and effort: Gender and grade differences. Educational Psychology, 31(6), 749-772. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2011.608487
  • Yeung, A. S., Craven, R. G., & Kaur, G. (2014). Influences of Mastery Goal and Perceived Competence on Educational Outcomes. Australian Journal of Educational & Developmental Psychology, 14, 117-130. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1041683.pdf
Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 29.01.2025

Abstract

References

  • Adamuti-Trache, M., & Sweet, R. (2013). Academic effort and achievement in science: Beyond a gendered relationship. Research in Science Education, 43, 2367-2385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-013-9362-1
  • Ames, C. (1992). Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 261. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.84.3.261
  • Arratibel, A. P., & Bueno-Alastuey, M. C. (2015). The influence of socio-economic background, personal effort and motivation on English proficiency. Huarte de San Juan. Filología y Didáctica de la Lengua, (15), 43-65. http://revista-hsj-filologia.unavarra.es/article/view/3097
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
  • Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
  • Bozick, R. N., & Dempsey T. L. (2010). Effort. In Rosen, J. A., Glennie, E. J., Dalton, B. W., Lennon, J. M. & R. N., Bozick (Eds.), Noncognitive skills in the classroom: New perspectives on educational research (pp. 39–68). RTI International.
  • Carbonaro, W. (2005). Tracking, students' effort, and academic achievement. Sociology of Education, 78(1), 27-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/003804070507800102
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th Ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2011). Teaching and researching: Motivation. Longman.
  • Ellis, R. (1994). Understanding second language acquisition. Oxford University Press.
  • Ersoy, F. (2021). Returns to effort: experimental evidence from an online language platform. Experimental Economics, 24(3), 1047-1073. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-020-09689-1
  • Falout, J., Elwood, J., & Hood, M. (2009). Demotivation: Affective states and learning outcomes. System, 37(3), 403-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2009.03.004
  • Falout, J., & Maruyama, M. (2004). A comparative study of proficiency and learner demotivation. The Language Teacher, 28(8), 3-9. https://jalt-publications.org/tlt/issues/2004-08_28.8
  • Gao, X. A. (2010). Autonomous language learning against all odds. System, 38(4), 580-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2010.09.011
  • Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. Edward Arnold Publishers.
  • Gardner, R. C. (2006). The socio-educational model of second language acquisition: A research paradigm. Eurosla Yearbook, 6(1), 237-260. https://doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.6.14gar
  • Gardner, C. R., & Lambert, E. W. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning. Newbury House Publishers.
  • Genç, G. (2016). Attributions to Success and Failure in English Language Learning: The Effects of Gender, Age and Perceived Success. Online Submission, 2(12), 26-43. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED571489.pdf
  • Genç, G., & Köksal, D. (2021). Foreign Language Learning Effort and Use of Digital Media among Digital Natives: A Case Study from an Urban Secondary School. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 15(1), 17-37. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1295579.pdf
  • Getie, A. S. (2020). Factors affecting the attitudes of students towards learning English as a foreign language. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1738184. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1738184
  • Karabiyik, C., & Mirici, I. H. (2018). Development and validation of the foreign language learning effort scale for Turkish tertiary-level students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 18(2), 373-395. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/estp.2018.2.0010
  • Kelly, S. (2008). What types of students' effort are rewarded with high marks? Sociology of Education, 81(1), 32-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/003804070808100102
  • Noels, K. A., Lascano, D. I. V., & Saumure, K. (2019). The development of self-determination across the language course: Trajectories of motivational change and the dynamic interplay of psychological needs, orientations, and engagement. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 41(4), 821-851. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263118000189
  • Oxford, R., & Shearin, J. (1994). Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework. The Modern Language Journal, 78(1), 12-28. https://doi.org/10.2307/329249
  • Özer, S. (2020). Foreign language learning effort levels of students in English for Specific Purposes. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 16(3), 1352-1367. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.803772
  • Özer, S., & Başarır, F. (2020). Öğretmen adaylarının ingilizce özyeterlik inançlarının algılanan başarıları üzerindeki etkisi: Dil öğrenme çabasının aracı rolü [The predictiveness of prospective teachers’ English self-efficacy beliefs on their perceived success: The mediating role of language learning effort]. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 16(Special Issue). 5704-5731. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.771847
  • Patron, H., & Lopez, S. (2011). Student effort, consistency, and online performance. Journal of Educators Online, 8(2), 1-11. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ941408.pdf
  • Ryan, S. (2009). Self and identity in L2 motivation in Japan: The ideal L2 self and Japanese learners. In Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (Eds.). Motivation, language identity and the L2 self. Multilingual Matters.
  • Seçer, İ., (2015). SPSS ve LISREL ile pratik veri analizi: Analiz ve raporlaştırma [Practical data analysis with SPSS and LISREL: Analysis and Reporting](2nd Ed.). Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92(4), 548-573. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.92.4.548
  • Wolters, C. A. (1999). The relation between high school students' motivational regulation and their use of learning strategies, effort, and classroom performance. Learning and Individual Differences, 11(3), 281-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1041-6080(99)80004-1
  • Yagcioglu, O. (2015). New approaches on learner autonomy in language learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 199, 428-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.529
  • Yetkin, R., & Ekin, S. (2018). Motivational orientations of secondary school EFL learners toward language learning. Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 375-388. https://doi.org/10.32601/ejal.464202
  • Yeung, A. S. (2011). Student self-concept and effort: Gender and grade differences. Educational Psychology, 31(6), 749-772. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2011.608487
  • Yeung, A. S., Craven, R. G., & Kaur, G. (2014). Influences of Mastery Goal and Perceived Competence on Educational Outcomes. Australian Journal of Educational & Developmental Psychology, 14, 117-130. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1041683.pdf
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Didem Erdel 0000-0002-3923-4934

Publication Date January 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Erdel, D. (2025). L2 Learning Effort of Students Majoring in English Language and Literature. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 14(1), 1-12.

All the articles published in the journal are open access and distributed under the conditions of CommonsAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License 

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