Essential and Fixed Oils: Evaluation of Chemical Structure-Activity Relationship

Abstract

Substances that can be separated from plants and whose effects on living systems are described and their use in fields such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food have always been among the remarkable issues. Antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiviral activities are the most common effects for fixed and essential oils obtained from herbal sources such as flowers, seeds, leaves, bark, branches, roots. Aromatherapy is a holistic treatment approach formulated with essential and fixed oils applied to improve physical and mental health. The National Institutes of Health of America (NIH) has stated that aromatherapy oils are inhalative and diffusive methods through the respiratory tract, topical applications through the skin in the form of gels, creams, lotions, and internal applications in the form of solutions, tablets, capsules. The number of current research articles on aromatherapy oils, which Hippocrates, who is called the father of Medicine, gave great importance to even in the 400s BC, is quite small. Recognizing the chemical structures of essential and fixed oils, associating them with biological activity, is very important in terms of providing basic knowledge to aromatherapy applications. In this review study, current and reliable studies on the most commonly used essential and fixed oils were evaluated in terms of chemical structure-activity applications.

Keywords

• Essential oils
• Fixed oils
• Aromatherapy

Uçucu ve Sabit Yağlar: Kimyasal Yapı-Aktivite İlişki Değerlendirmesi

Öz

Bitkilerden ayrıştırılabilen, canlı sistemlere etkileri tanımlanan maddeler ve bunların farmasötik, kozmetik, gıda gibi alanlarda kullanımı her zaman dikkat çeken konulardan olmuştur. Bitkisel kaynaklardan örneğin çiçek, tohum, yaprak, kabuk, dal, köklerden elde edilen sabit ve uçucu yağlar için antiseptik, antibakteriyel, antifungal, antioksidan, antiviral aktiviteler bilinen en yaygın etkilerdendir. Aromaterapi, fiziksel ve ruhsal olarak yaşam kalitesini düzenlemek için uygulanan uçucu ve sabit yağlarla formüle edilen bütünsel tedavi yaklaşımıdır. Amerika Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri (NIH) aromaterapi yağlarının, solunum yolu üzerinden inhalatif ve difüzif yöntemlerinin, cilt üzerinden jel, krem, losyon şeklinde topikal uygulamalarının ve ağızdan çözelti, tablet, kapsül şeklinde dahili uygulamalarının olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Tıbbın babası olarak anılan Hipokrat’ın MÖ 400’lü yıllarda çok önem verdiği aromaterapi yağları ile ilgili güncel araştırma makale sayısı oldukça azdır. Uçucu ve sabit yağların kimyasal yapılarının tanınması, biyolojik aktivite ile ilişkilendirilmesi, aromaterapi uygulamalarına temel bilgi birikimi sağlaması açısından çok önemlidir. Bu derleme çalışmasında en çok kullanılan uçucu ve sabit yağlarla ilgili güncel ve güvenilir çalışmalar kimyasal yapı-aktivite uygulamaları açısından değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uçucu Yağlar
• Sabit Yağlar
• Aromaterapi

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