Sulu Çözeltide Tetrasiklin Giderimi için Fındık ve Antep Fıstığı Kabuklarının Eş-karbonizasyonundan Elde Edilen Yeni Hidrokömürün Kullanımı

Öz

Bu çalışmada, fındık ve fıstık kabuklarının (HS ve PS) kombine hidrotermal karbonizasyonu (ko-HTK) ile üretilen yeni bir hidrokömürün (HSPSHC), tetrasiklin (TC) antibiyotiğinin sudan uzaklaştırılmasında sorbent malzeme olarak kullanımı araştırılmıştır. HSPSHC, fındık ve fıstık kabuklarının 220 oC'de 6 saat boyunca kütlece 1:1 oranında karıştırılmasıyla hidrotermal karbonizasyonundan elde edildi. HSPSHC için kütle verimi, enerji yoğunluğu ve üst ısıl değer parametreleri hesaplandı ve yüzey kimyası, Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR) kullanılarak karakterize edildi. HSPSHC üzerinde TC adsorpsiyonu, kesikli yöntem kullanılarak kinetik ve izoterm çalışmaları ile gerçekleştirildi. Deneysel kinetik sonuçlar yalancı birinci dereceden (PFO) ve ikinci dereceden (PSO) kinetik denklemlerinde değerlendirildi ve adsorpsiyonun PSO kinetiğine uyduğu görüldü. Deneysel olarak elde edilen sonuçlar Langmuir ve Freundlich model denklemlerine uygulanarak izoterm modellemesi yapıldı. Hazırlanan hidrokömür üzerindeki TC'nin adsorpsiyon izotermi, HSPSHC hidrokömürü üzerinde 323 K'de ve pH 4,0'da qm: 137,06 mg/g'lik maksimum tek katmanlı TC adsorpsiyon kapasitesi sağlayan Langmuir denklemiyle iyi bir şekilde uymuştur. Ek olarak termodinamik çalışmalar, TC'nin HSPSHC tarafından adsorpsiyonunun kendiliğinden ve endotermik bir süreç olduğunu ortaya çıkardı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hidrotermal ko-karbonizasyon
• Fındık ve fıstık kabukları
• Ürün karakterizasyonu
• Tetrasiklin
• Giderim

Use of Novel Hydrochar from Co‑carbonization of Hazelnut and Pistachio Shells for Tetracycline Removal from Aqueous Solution

Abstract

In present work, the use of a new hydrochar (HSPSHC) produced by the combined hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of hazelnut and pistachio shells (HS and PS) as a sorbent material in tetracycline (TC) antibiotic removal from water was investigated. It was obtained from hydrothermal carbonization of HSPSHC, hazelnut and pistachio shells by mixing 1:1 by mass at 220 oC for 6 h. Mass yield, energy density and higher heating value parameters were calculated for HSPSHC, and the surface chemistry was characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TC adsorption on HSPSHC was carried out by kinetic and isotherm studies using batch method. The experimental kinetic results were qualified in pseudo first-order (PFO) and second-order (PSO) kinetic equations and it was observed that the adsorption complied with the PSO kinetics. The experimentally obtained results were applied to Langmuir and Freundlich model equations and isotherm modeling was performed. The adsorption isotherm of TC on the prepared hydrochar was well fitted by the Langmuir equation, which yielded a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of TC of qm: 137.06 mg/g at 323 K and pH 4.0 on the HSPSHC hydrochar. In addition, thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of TC by HSPSHC is spontaneous and is an endothermic process.

Keywords

• Hydrothermal co-carbonization
• Hazelnut and pistachio shells
• Product characterization
• Tetracycline
• Removal

References

1. [1] C. Espro, A. Saitra, F. Mauriello, K. Moulaee, D. Iannazzo, and G. Neri, "Orange peels-derived hydrochar for chemical applications," Sens. Actuators B Chem., vol. 341, pp. 130016, 2021.
2. [2] Y. Shen, "A review on hydrothermal carbonization of biomass and plastic wastes to energy products," Biomass Bioenergy., vol. 134, pp. 105479, 2021.
3. [3] F. Dhaouadi, L. Sellaoui, L.E. Hernández-Hernández, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, D.I. Mendoza-Castillo, H.E. Reynel-Ávila, H.A. González-Ponce, S. Taamalli, F. Louis, and A.B. Lamine, "Preparation of an avocado seed hydrochar and its application as heavy metal adsorbent: Properties and advanced statistical physics modeling," J. Chem. Eng., vol. 419, pp. 129472, 2021.
4. [4] L.H. Nguyen, H.T. Van, Q.T. Nguyen, T.H. Nguyen, T.U. Bui, and H.L. Sy, “Paper waste sludge derived-hydrochar modified by iron (III) chloride for effective removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution: Kinetic and isotherm studies,” J. Water Process. Eng., vol. 39, pp. 101877, 2021.
5. [5] D. Gupta, S.M. Mahajani, and A. Garg, "Hydrothermal carbonization of household wet waste-characterization of hydrochar and process business stream," Bioresour. Technol., vol. 342, pp. 125972, 2021.
6. [6] K.Y.V. Beri, D.P. Barbosa, M. Zbair, S. Ojala, and S.B. Oliveira, "Adsorption of Estradiol from aqueous solution by hydrothermally carbonized and steam activated palm kernel shells," Energy Nexus., vol. 1, pp. 100009, 2021.
7. [7] X. Zhang, L. Zhang, and A. Li, "Hydrothermal co-carbonization of sewage sludge and pinewood sawdust for nutrient-rich hydrochar production: Synergistic effects and our products characterization," J. Environ. Manage., vol. 201, pp. 52-62, 2017.
8. [8] H.Z. Li, Y.N. Zhang, J.Z. Guo, J.Q. Lv, W.W. Huan, and B. Li, "Preparation of hydrochar with high adsorption performance for methylene blue by co-hydrothermal carbonization of polyvinyl chloride and bamboo," Bioresour. Technol., vol. 337, pp. 125442, 2021.

9. [9] M. Liang, K. Zhang, P. Lei, B. Wang, C.M. Shu, and B. Li, "Fuel properties and combustion kinetics of hydrochar derived from co-hydrothermal carbonization of tobacco residues and graphene oxide," Biomass Convers. Biorefin.,vol. 10(1), pp. 189-201, 2020.
10. [10] S. Zhang, M. Pi, Y. Su, D. Xu, Y. Xiong, and H. Zhang, "Physicochemical properties and pyrolysis behavior evaluations of hydrochar from co-hydrothermal treatment of rice straw and sewage sludge," Biomass Bioenergy., vol. 140, pp. 105664, 2020.
11. [11] L. Azaare, M.K. Commeh, A.M. Smith, and F. Kemausuor, "Co-hydrothermal carbonization of pineapple and watermelon peels: Effects of process parameters on hydrochar yield and energy content," Bioresour. Technol. Rep., vol. 15, pp. 100720, 2021.
12. [12] Q. Li, S. Zhang, M. Gholizadeh, X. Hu, X. Yuan, B. Sarkar, M. Vithanage, O. Masek, and Y.S. Ok, "Co-hydrothermal carbonization of swine and chickens manure: Influence of cross-interaction on hydrochar and liquid characteristics, Sci. Total Environ., vol. 786, pp. 147381, 2021.
13. [13] C. Zhang, C. Zheng, X. Ma, Y. Zhou, and J. Wu, "Co-hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge and banana stalk: Fuel properties of hydrochar and environmental risk of heavy metals," J. Environ. Chem. Eng., vol. 9, pp. 10651, 2021.
14. [14] S. Lagergren, "Zur Theorie Der Sogenannten Adsorption Gelöster Stoffe," Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., vol. 24, pp. 1-39, 1898. [15] Y.S. Ho, and G. McKay, "Sorption of Dye from Aqueous Solution by Peat," J. Chem. Eng.,vol. 70, pp. 115-124, 1998. [16] I. Langmuir, "The Adsorption of Gases on Plane Surfaces of Glass, Mica and Platinum," J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 40(9), pp. 1361-1403, 1918.
15. [17] H.M.F. Freundlich, "Over the Adsorption in Solution," J. Phys. Chem., vol. 57, pp. 385-470, 1906.
16. [18] S.K. Hoekman, A. Broch, and C. Robbins, "Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignocellulosic biomass," Energy Fuels., vol. 25, pp. 1802-1810, 2011.
17. [19] J.G. Lynam, M.T. Reza, W. Yan, V.R. Vasquez, and C.J. Coronella, "Hydrothermal carbonization of various lignocellulosic biomass," Biomass Convers. Biorefin.,vol. 5, pp. 173-181, 2015.
18. [20] H.E. Putra et al., "Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass waste under low temperature condition," in 2018 MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018, vol.154, pp. 01025.
19. [21] C. Falco, N. Bacile, and M.M. Shaking, "Morphological and structural differences between glucose, cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass derived hydrothermal carbon," Green Chem., vol. 13, pp. 3273-3281, 2011.
20. [22] O. Uner, "Acid Blue 80 Removal from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Obtained from Nerium Oleander Fruits," Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci., vol. 7(1), pp. 86-99, 2021.
21. [23] Z. Bakıcı Tanaydın, M. Tanaydın, M. İnce, and N. Demirkıran, "Bakır ve Kadmiyumun Perlit ile Adsorpsiyonu ve Adsorpsiyon Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması," Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci., vol. 6(2), pp. 208-218, 2020.
22. [24] P. Kulshrestha, R.F. Giese, and D.S. Aga, "Investigating the molecular interactions of oxytetracycline in clay and organic matter: insights on factors affecting its mobility in soil," Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 38, pp. 4097-4105, 2004.
23. [25] L. Shao, Z. Ren, G. Zhang, and L. Chen, "Facile synthesis, characterization of a MnFe2O4/activated carbon magnetic composite and its effectiveness in tetracycline removal," Mater. Chem. Phys., vol. 135, pp. 16-24, 2012.