Pervaporation Supported Synthesis of Fuel Additive Glycerıne Carbonate

Abstract

Production and consumption of biodiesel which is an environmentally friendly alternative to gasoline, has increased in recent years. The amount of crude glycerol obtained as a by-product in this industry has increased with the production of biodiesel, and the crude glycerol price has been reduced. It is important to convert excess and cheap crude glycerol to other valuable chemicals for sustainable economy. Glycerol carbonate, which is low toxicity and biodegradable, is a ring carbonate that synthesized from glycerol. It can be produced by reaction of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or Diethyl carbonate (DEC) in the presence of basic catalysts under environmental and mild conditions. Glycerol Carbonate has wide applications in plastics, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. In addition , it is used in the electrolyte structure in li-ion batteries and studies are carried out on its use as fuel additive. Pervaporation is a separation method in which liquid-liquid mixtures are separated by means of vacuum and membrane. It is a cleaner and more environmentally friendly process compared to conventional separation methods. Membranes, which is a semi-permeable barrier used here, perform selective separation and transport. Membranes can also be used to separate products from reactants in reaction processes. Thus, they can remove the unwanted by- products formed at the end of the reaction from the environment and increase the reaction conversion by shifting the reaction equilibrium to the products side. In this study, GC production methods, transesterification reaction conditions, catalyst types used, hydrophilic membrane types in literature were investigated .

Keywords

• glycerol Carbonate
• Pervaporation
• Membrane

Yakıt Katkısı Gliserin Karbonatın Pervaporasyon Destekli Sentezi

Abstract

Son yıllarda benzinin çevreci bir alternatifi olan biyodizelin üretimi ve tüketimi artmıştır. Biyodizel üretimi ile bu endüstride yan ürün olarak elde edilen ham gliserolün miktarı artmış ve ham gliserol fiyatını düşürmüştür. Bu fazla ve ucuz olan gliserolün başka kimyasallara dönüştürülerek sürdürülebilir bir ekonomiye katkı sağlaması büyük öneme sahiptir. Düşük toksisiteli ve biyobozunur olan Gliserol karbonat (GC) , gliserolden sentezlenen bir halka karbonattır. Çevreci ve ılımlı koşullar altında dimetil karbonatın (DMC) ve dietil karbonatın (DEC) gliserol ile reaksiyonundan bazik katalizörler varlığında üretilebilir. Gliserol Karbonat, plastik, ilaç ve kozmetik alanlarında geniş uygulamalara sahiptir. Bunlara ek olarak Li-ion pillerde elektrolit yapısında kullanılır ve yakıt katkı maddesi olarak kullanımı üzerine çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Pervaporasyon sıvı-sıvı karışımların uygulanan vakum yardımı ve membran aracılığıyla ayrıldığı bir yöntemdir. Klasik ayırma yöntemlerine kıyasla daha temiz ve çevreci bir işlemdir. Burada kullanılan yarı geçirgen bir bariyer olarak membranlar, seçici ayırma taşıma işlemini gerçekleştirirler. Membranlar , reaksiyon işlemlerinde ürünleri reaktantlardan ayırmak için de kullanılabilir. Böylece reaksiyon sonunda oluşan istenmeyen ürünleri ortamdan uzaklaştırarak reaksiyon dengesini ürünler tarafına kaydırıp reaksiyon dönüşümünü arttırabilirler. Bu çalışmada literatürdeki GC üretim yöntemleri, transesterleşme reaksiyon şartları, kullanılan katalizör tipleri, hidrofilik membran türleri incelenmiştir.

Keywords

• Gliserol karbonat
• pervaporasyon
• Membran

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