EXOSOMES FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Abstract

Exosomes, as a nanoparticle, are small fat vesicles, which are ejected by all cells. When they were first discovered in the 1980s, they were determined as as vesicles that allow throwing the wastes out from the cell. Currently conducted researches indicated that many steps were taken forward that these sacs have important physiological functions. These vesicles having an important role in intercellular communication, signal transmission, genetic material transfer and regulation of immunological response, and many other biological activities can be obtained from all types of body fluids. Because of their functions, it is of great interest in the pathogenesis of the diseases and therefore it is being used both in diagnosis and treatment. It has been suggested that exosomes originating from different cell roots have immune-suppressive and activating properties, therapeutic applications that will regulate immune function in auto-immune and immune suppression and similar situations. In addition, since they are natural nano-carriers, exosomes may allow the design of new generation vaccines in which both the adjuvant and the antigen which can be transported. Apart from therapeutic applications, there are findings that exosomes could be used in the diagnosis of various types of cancers such as prostate cancer, glioblastoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma because of their role in disease pathogenesis.

Keywords

• Exosomes, diognosis, nanovesicle, immunity, cancer, pathogenesis

Project Number

NA

EKSOZOMLARIN HASTALIKLARDAKİ ROLÜ, TANI VE TEDAVİ AMAÇLI KULLANIMI

Abstract

Eksozomlar, hücre tarafından dışarı atılan nano ölçekte çift zar yapısına sahip yağ kesecikleri olarak bilinmektedir. İlk keşfedildiği 1980’li yıllarda, hücre atıklarının hücre dışına atılmasını gerçekleştiren kesecik yapılar olduğu düşünüldü. Günümüzde yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda, bu keseciklerin önemli fizyolojik görevleri yerine getirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Hücreler arası iletişim, sinyal iletimi, genetik materyal transferi, immünolojik yanıtın düzenlenmesi ve benzeri çok sayıda biyolojik aktivitede önemli fizyolojik rollere sahip olan bu kesecikler, hemen hemen tüm vücut sıvılarında yer almaktadır. Gerçekleştirdiği görevler nedeniyle hastalık patogenezinde de önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu nedenle, hem tanı hem de tedavi uygulamalarında kullanımı giderek artmıştır. Farklı hücrelerden kökene sahip olan eksozomların, immün baskılayıcı ve etkinleştirici özelliklerinin varlığından dolayı otoimmün ve immün baskılama ve benzeri durumlarda immün işlevinin düzenlenmesini sağlamayı gerektiren, terapötik uygulamalarda kullanılabileceği öngörülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, doğal bir nanotaşıyıcı olmaları nedeniyle, eksozomlar hem adjuvanın hem de antijenin taşınabildiği yeni nesil aşıların, tasarımı ve geliştirilmesine imkân sağlamaktadır. Eksozomların tedavi edici uygulamalarının yanısıra, hastalık patogenezlerinde rol alması rolü vasıtasıyla prostat kanseri, glioblastom, akciğer yassı hücreli karsinomu ve hepatoselüler karsinom ve benzeri kanser çeşitlerinin tanısında da etkin birşekilde kullanılabileceğine dair bulgular bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Ekzozom
• tanı
• nanokesecik
• nanovezikül
• immünite
• kanser
• patogenez

Supporting Institution

NA

Project Number

NA

Thanks

Bu çalışmanın gerçekleşmesi sırasında gösterdiği değerli katkılarından dolayı, Burak Aygan lisans tez danışmanı Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Esra Cansever Mutlu’ ya teşekkür etmektedir.

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