Modeling of the complex hydrocarbon traps by the shot domain acoustic finite difference method and data-processing

Year 2022, , 93 - 109, 18.08.2022

Şerife Boğazkesen , Hakan Karslı

https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.985502

Abstract

Numerical modeling studies have a widespread application in exploration seismology in order to understand the seismic reflection responses of hydrocarbon traps formed in relation to tectonic structure, lithological changes and unconformities in complex geological environments and to develop effective data processing strategies. In this study, the seismic modeling of two important hydrocarbon trap models (Granite Wash and Normal Fault Trap) was performed by the Finite Difference Method (FDM), which provides the solution of the acoustic wave equation. Seismic data models were carried out in the pre-stack shot environment, and the obtained shot data were passed through appropriate data-processing stages to obtain stack and migration (zero offset) sections. By converting the obtained migration sections to depth, the spatial location and dimensions of hydrocarbon traps on the section were determined and it has been observed that they are compatible by comparing with the initial geological models. Thus, the seismic responses of hydrocarbon trap structures were learned, the importance of data processing was understood, and zero offset crosssections were obtained by processing of the generated synthetic shot records. Accordingly, it was observed that it is appropriate to make more and frequent shots in the investigation of granite wash type traps which are thin and short-width, whereas it is useful to make relatively less frequent shots in order to reduce the scattering intensity caused by the discontinuities of the fault type structures. Consequently, it is thought that before the field study for the hydrocarbon exploration, the modeling of the pre-stack shot instead of the post-stack modeling (zero offset) will contribute to the development of the data processing stages and the testing of the seismic section interpretation. In the future, such synthetic models and data processing will be developed for different complex trap structures and real data.

Keywords

Finite Difference Method, Data Processing, Hydrocarbon Traps, Seismic Modeling, Synthetic Shot.

Thanks

The authors, one of the judges, contributed to the development of the article with his constructive criticism and suggestions, Prof. Dr. Derman DONDURUR, Prof. Dr. Serkan ÖZTÜRK and another referee who did not reveal his name. In this study, Matlab code for Finite Difference Modeling of CREWES project is used for free access http://www.crewes.ucalgary.ca/).In order to process the calculated shot records, the Department of Geophysical Engineering of Karadeniz University of technology carried out academic research and use. Promax software of Landmark Graphics Co. donated by Halliburton company is used.

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