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Post-Glacial Terraces of The Marmara Sea and water exchange periods

Year 2018, Volume: 157 Issue: 157, 39 - 57, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.401208

Abstract

Semi-enclosed Marmara Sea is a passage between the Aegean
Sea (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea) and the Black Sea. The Marmara Sea is
connected to the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea through the İstanbul Strait
(Bosphorus) and Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles), respectively. Despite the
fact that the late Pleistocene-Holocene connections between the seas have been
explored by many scientists, there are still uncertainties about the nature and
timing of the connections. Within the scope of this study, a new approach has
been displayed for post-glacial connections between the Black Sea, Marmara Sea,
and the Aegean Sea. This study is based on 80 shallow seismic reflection
lines, multibeam bathymetric data and 15 short gravity cores collected from the
northeastern shelf of the Marmara Sea (between Silivri and Golden Horn). The
sea bottom and sub-bottom morphology have a highly chaotic structure at the
exit of the Büyükçekmece/Küçükçekmece lagoons and further east near the
Marmara- İstanbul Strait junction. This chaotic bottom and sub-bottom
surface morphologies are mainly controlled by the structure of the basin,
current regime of the shelf, coastal drainage systems and by the sea/lake water
level changes controlled by climate and the sill depths of the two straits, which
in turn determined the water exchange between the seas. The
sedimentological interpretation of the seismic reflection profiles and core
sediments have allowed us to distinguish five stratigraphic units (S1-S5) and
four sedimentary layers (A-D) over the acoustic basement. The lower
stratigraphic unit and sedimentary layer are separated from the overlying
acoustic basement by a chaotic to parallel and by a high amplitude seismic
reflector. Seaward dipping units of the acoustic basement are inferred to be
the seaward continuation of the Oligocene–Upper Miocene units widely exposed on
land. The presence of three different marine terraces distinguished (T1-T3)
along the northeastern shelf of the Marmara Sea have been associated with the
six different curves of the post-glacial sea-level changes. From statistical point
of view, the most significant terraces occur from -78 m to -80 m (T1), -58 m to
-62 m (T2) and -28 m to -32 m at (T3). Considering the global sea level curves,
these terraces can be dated 9.25, 12.25 and 13.75 Cal kyr BP, respectively.

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Year 2018, Volume: 157 Issue: 157, 39 - 57, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.401208

Abstract


References

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  • Aksu, A.E., Hiscott, R.N., Mudie, P.J., Rochon, A., Kaminski, M.A., Abrajano, T, and D. Yaşar 2002b. Persistent Holocene outflow from the Black Sea to the Eastern Mediterranean contradicts Noah’s Flood hypothesis. GSA Today 12 (5), 4–10.
  • Aksu, A.E., Hiscott, R.N., Kaminski, M.A., Mudie, P.J., Gillespie, H., Abrojano, T., Yaşar, D. 2002c. Last glacial–Holocene paleoceanography of the Black Sea and Marmara Sea: stable isotopic, foraminiferal and coccolith evidence. Mar. Geol. 190, 119–149.
  • Aksu, A.E., Jenner, G., Hiscott, R.N., İşler, E.B. 2008. Occurrence, stratigraphy and geochemistry of Late Quaternary tephra layers in the Aegean Sea and the Marmara Sea Mar. Geol. 252, 174–192.
  • Alavi, S.N., Ediger, V., Ergin, M. 1989. Recent sedimentation on the shelf and upper slope in the Bay of Anamur, southern coast of Turkey, Mar. Geol.i 89: 29-56. Fli.igel, E. 1978. Mikrofazielle Untersuchungsmethoden yon Kalken. Springer, Berlin, 454 p.
  • Alpar, B., Yüce, H. 1998. Sea-level variations and their interactions between the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sciences, 46, 609-619.
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  • Beşiktepe, Ş., Sur, H.I., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Oğuz, T., Ünlüata, Ü. 1994. The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Prog. Oceanogr. 34, 285-334.
  • Boggs, S., Jr. 1987. Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy. Macmillan, New York, 784 p.
  • Brown, Jr., L.F., Fisher, W.L. 1980. Seismic Stratigraphic Interpretation and Petroleum Exploration. AAPG Continuing Education Course Note Series 16, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 125 p.
  • Çağatay, M.N., Algan, O., Sakınç, M., Eastoe, C.J., Egesel, L., Balkıs, N., Ongan, D., Caner., H. 1999. A mid-late Holocene sapropelic sediment unit from the southern Marmara sea shelf and its palaeoceanographic significance, Quaternary Science Reviews 18 (1999) 531-540.
  • Çağatay, N., Görür, N., Algan, O., Eastoe, C., Tchalaliga, A., Ongan, D., Kuhşl, T., Kuşçu, I. 2000. Late Glacial - Holocene paleoceanography of the Sea of Marmara: timing of connections with the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Mar. Geol. 167, 191–206.
  • Çagatay, M.N., Görür, N., Polonia, A., Demirbağ, E., Sakınç, M., Cormier, M.-H., Capotondi, L., McHugh, C.M.G., Emre, Ö., Eriş, K., 2003. Sea-level changes and depositional environments in the Izmit Gulf, eastern Marmara Sea, during the late glacial–Holocene period. Mar. Geol. 202, 159–173.
  • Çağatay, N., Eriş, K., Ryan, W.B.F., Sancar, Ü., Polonia, A., Akçer, S., Biltekin, D., Gasperini L, Görür, N., Lericolaris, G., Bard, E. 2009. Late pleistocene-holocene evolution of the northern shelf of the Sea of Marmara, Mar. Geol. 265, 87-100.
  • Çağatay, M.N., Wulf, S. Guichard, F. Özmaral, A., Henry, P, Gasperini, L., 2015. Tephra record from the Sea of Marmara for the last 71 ka and its paleoceanographic implications. Marine Geology, 361: 96-110.
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  • DAMOC 1971. Master plan and feasibility report for water supply and sewerage for Istanbul region. Prepared by the DAMOC Consortium for WHO, Los Angeles, CA, vol. III, part II and III.
  • Degens, E.T., Ross, A. 1974. The Black Sea-Geology, chemistry, and biology. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 633 p.
  • Dimitrov, P., 1982. Radiocarbon datings of bottom sediments from the Bulgarian Black Sea shelf. Bulg. Acad. Sci. Oceanol. 9, 45-53.
  • Ediger, V., Okyar, M, Ergin, M. 1993. Seismic stratigraphy of the fault-controlled submarine canyon/valley system on the shelf and upper slope of Anamur Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Geol. 15, 129-142.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Vedat Ediger This is me 0000-0003-4388-7951

Emin Demirbağ 0000-0001-8448-8741

Semih Ergintav 0000-0001-5094-6599

Sedat İnan This is me 0000-0001-5639-6831

Ruhi Saatçılar This is me 0000-0001-6739-1702

Publication Date December 15, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 157 Issue: 157

Cite

APA Ediger, V., Demirbağ, E., Ergintav, S., İnan, S., et al. (2018). Post-Glacial Terraces of The Marmara Sea and water exchange periods. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 157(157), 39-57. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.401208
AMA Ediger V, Demirbağ E, Ergintav S, İnan S, Saatçılar R. Post-Glacial Terraces of The Marmara Sea and water exchange periods. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. December 2018;157(157):39-57. doi:10.19111/bulletinofmre.401208
Chicago Ediger, Vedat, Emin Demirbağ, Semih Ergintav, Sedat İnan, and Ruhi Saatçılar. “Post-Glacial Terraces of The Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 157, no. 157 (December 2018): 39-57. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.401208.
EndNote Ediger V, Demirbağ E, Ergintav S, İnan S, Saatçılar R (December 1, 2018) Post-Glacial Terraces of The Marmara Sea and water exchange periods. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 157 157 39–57.
IEEE V. Ediger, E. Demirbağ, S. Ergintav, S. İnan, and R. Saatçılar, “Post-Glacial Terraces of The Marmara Sea and water exchange periods”, Bull.Min.Res.Exp., vol. 157, no. 157, pp. 39–57, 2018, doi: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.401208.
ISNAD Ediger, Vedat et al. “Post-Glacial Terraces of The Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 157/157 (December 2018), 39-57. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.401208.
JAMA Ediger V, Demirbağ E, Ergintav S, İnan S, Saatçılar R. Post-Glacial Terraces of The Marmara Sea and water exchange periods. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2018;157:39–57.
MLA Ediger, Vedat et al. “Post-Glacial Terraces of The Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, vol. 157, no. 157, 2018, pp. 39-57, doi:10.19111/bulletinofmre.401208.
Vancouver Ediger V, Demirbağ E, Ergintav S, İnan S, Saatçılar R. Post-Glacial Terraces of The Marmara Sea and water exchange periods. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2018;157(157):39-57.

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