Petrography, mineral chemıstry and crystallizatıon conditions of cenozoic plutonic rocks located to the north of Bayburt (Eastern Pontıdes, Turkey)

Year 2018, Volume: 157 Issue: 157, 75 - 102, 15.12.2018

Abdullah Kaygusuz , Cem Yücel , Mehmet Arslan Ferkan Sipahi , İrfan Temizel Gökhan Çakmak Z. Samet Güloğlu

https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.427829

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The Eastern Pontides comprises of many intrusive bodies varying in composition, size and age from Paleozoic to Cenozoic. Those of especially Cenozoic aged ones are commonly observed in the southern part while are rarely exposed in the northern part of the Eastern Pontides. In this study, the petrographical and mineral chemistry properties of Çiçekli, Somarova, Sorkunlu, Şaşurluk, Aydıntepe, Kemerlikdağı and Pelitli plutons located to the north of Bayburt area are determined, and the crystallization conditions of the studied bodies were estimated by means of thermobarometer calculations. The studied plutons extend mostly NE-SW directions and are approximately ellipse in shapes. The contacts between the plutons and surrounding rocks are sharp, and plutons commonly contain mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) of different size. Petrographic and mineral chemistry studies reveal some disequilibrium textures reflecting magma mixing process. Based on modal mineralogy, the plutonic rocks are gabbroic diorite, diorite, tonalite, granodiorite and monzogranite in composition. The rocks have fine to medium granular, porphyric, monzonitic, poikilitic, myrmekitic and micrographic textures. The main minerals are composed of labradorite and albite (An68-02), magnesiohornblende and actinolite (Mg# = 0.6-0.9), diopside and augite (Wo44-46), clinoenstatite (En53-57) and Fe-Ti oxide minerals. Crystallization temperatures calculated from amphibole, biotite, clinopyroxene, magnetite and ilmenite minerals are 405 °C to 1161 °C, pressure values are 0.1 to 2.7 kbar, oxygen fugacity (log10 ƒO2) are -20 to -12. Estimation of water content calculated by using amphiboles is between 2.9 and 6.8%. Based on obtained data, it is suggested that the studied plutons have emplaced in shallow depths (~ 1-8 km).

Keywords

Mineral chemistry, Geothermobarometer, Cenozoic plutonic rocks, Eastern Pontides, Bayburt, Turkey

References

• Ağar, Ü., 1977. Demirözü (Bayburt) ve Köse (Kelkit) bölgesinin jeolojisi. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi. 59 p, İstanbul.
• Alemdağ, S., 2015. Assessment of bearing capacity and permeability of foundation rocks at the Gümüştaş waste dam site, (NE Turkey). Using empirical and numerical analysis. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8, 1099–1110.
• Andersen, D.J., Lindsley, D.H., 1985. New (and final) models for the Ti-magnetite/ilmenite geothermometer and oxygen barometer. Abstract AGU 1985 Spring Meeting Eos Transactions. American Geophysical Union, 66 (18), 416.
• Anderson, J.L., 1996. Status of thermobarometry in granitic batholiths. Trans Royal Society Edinburgh, Earth Sciences, 87, 125–138.
• Anderson, J.L., Smith, D.R., 1995. The effects of temperature and ƒO2 on the Al-in hornblende barometer. American Mineralogist, 80, 549–559.
• Arslan, M., Temizel, İ., Abdioğlu, E., Kolaylı, H., Yücel, C., Boztuğ, D., Şen, C., 2013. 40Ar-39Ar dating, whole-rock and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of post-collisional Eocene volcanic rocks in the southern part of the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey): Implications for magma evolution in extension-induced origin. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 166, 113–142.
• Arslan, M., Şen, C., Aliyazıcıoğlu, İ., Kaygusuz, A., Aslan, Z., 2000. Trabzon ve Gümüşhane yörelerinde (KD, Türkiye) yüzeylenen Eosen (?) volkanitlerinin karşılaştırılmalı jeolojisi, mineralojisi ve petrolojisi. Cumhuriyetin 75. Yıldönümü Yerbilimleri ve Madencilik Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 39–53.
• Arslan, M., Aslan, Z., 2006. Mineralogy, petrography and whole-rock geochemistry of the Cenozoic granitic intrusions in the Eastern Pontides (Turkey). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27, 177–193.
• Aslan, Z., 1998. Saraycık-Sarıhan Granitoyidleri (Bayburt) ve çevre kayaçlarının petrolojisi, jeokimyası ve Sarıhan Granitoyidinin jeokronolojik incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, K.T.Ü Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
• Aslan, Z., Arslan, M., Şen, C., 1999. Doğu Pontidlerin kuzey ve güney zonlarında yüzeylenen Eosen yaşlı granitik sokulumların karşılaştırılmalı jeolojik, petrografik ve jeokimyasal özellikleri. 52. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiriler Kitabı, 223–230.
• Aslan, Z., Arslan, M., Temizel, İ., Kaygusuz, A., 2014. K-Ar dating, whole-rock and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks around the Gümüşhane area: implications for post-collisional volcanism in the Eastern Pontides, Mineralogy and Petrology, 108, 254–267.
• Aydınçakır, E., 2014. The Petrogenesis of Early-Eocene non-adakitic volcanism in NE Turkey: Constraints on geodynamic implications. Lithos, 208, 361–377.
• Bacon C.R., Hirschmann, M.M., 1988. Mg/Mn partitioning as a test for equilibrium between coexisting Fe-Ti oxides. American Mineralogist, 73, 57–61.
• Blundy, J.D., Holland, T.J.B., 1990. Calcic amphibole equilibria and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 208–224.
• Boztuğ, D., Erçin, A.İ., Kuruçelik, M.K., Göç, D., Kömür, İ., İskenderoğlu, A., 2006. Geochemical characteristics of the composite Kaçkar Batholith generated in a Neo-Tethyan convergence system, eastern Pontides, Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27, 286–302.
• Çakmak, G., Kaygusuz, A., 2014. Pelitli (Bayburt) Plütonu’nun petrografik ve jeokimyasal özellikleri. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4 (1), 46–63.
• Çoğulu, E., 1975. Gümüşhane ve Rize bölgelerinde petrolojik ve jeokronometrik araştırmalar. İ.T.Ü. Yayını, 1034, İstanbul, 112 p.
• Dokuz, A., 2011. A slab detachment and delamination Model for the generation of Carboniferous high-potassium I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Köse Composite Pluton. Gondwana Research, 19, 926–944.
• Eggler, D.H., 1972. Water-saturated and undersaturated melting relations in a Paricutin andesite and an estimate of water content in the natural magma, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 34, 261–271.
• Eyuboğlu, Y., Dudas, F.O., Thorkelson, D., Zhu, D.C., Liu, Z., Chatterjee, N., Yi, K., Santosh, M., 2017. Eocene granitoids of northern Turkey: Polybaric magmatism in an evolving arc–slab window system, Gondwana Research, 50, 311–345.
• Eyuboğlu, Y., Dudas F.O., Santosh, M., Y.I.K., Kwon, S., Akaryalı, E., 2013. Petrogenesis and U-Pb zircon chronology of adakitic porphyries within the Kop Ultramafic Massif (Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt, NE Turkey). Gondwana Research, 24, 742–766.
• Gedikoğlu, A., 1978. Harşit granit karmaşığı ve çevre kayaçları. Doçentlik Tezi, KTÜ Yer Bilimleri Fakültesi, Trabzon 161 p (unpublished).
• Hammarstrom, J.M., Zen, E., 1986. Aluminum in amphibole: An empirical igneous geobarometer. American Mineralogist, 71, 1297–1313.
• Helmy, H.M., Ahmed, A.F., El Mahallawi, M.M., Ali, S.M., 2004. Pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity conditions of calc-alkaline granitoids, Eastern Desert of Egypt, and tectonic implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 38, 255–268.
• Helz, RT., 1973. Phase relations of basalts in their melting ranges at PH2O=5 kb as a function of oxygen fugacity, Journal of Petrology, 14, 249–302.
• Hollister, L.S., Grisson, G.C., Peters, E.K., Stowell, H.H. Sisson, V.B., 1987. Confirmation of the empirical calibration of aluminum in amfibole with pressure of solidification of calc-alkaline plutons. American Mineralogist, 72, 231–239.
• İlbeyli, N., 2008. Geochemical characteristics of the Şebinkarahisar Granitoids in the eastern Pontides, northeast Turkey: petrogenesis and tectonic implications. International Geology Review, 50, 563–582.
• Johnson, M.C., Rutherford, M.J., 1989. Experimental calibration of the aluminiun-in amfibole geobarometer with application to Long Valley Caldera (California) volcanic rocks. Geology, 17, 837–841.
• Karslı, O., Chen, B., Aydın, F., Şen, C., 2007. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of the Eocene Dölek and Sarıçiçek Plutons, Eastern Turkey: Implications for magma interaction in the genesis of high-K calc-alkaline granitoids in a post-collision extensional setting. Lithos, 98, 67–96.
• Karslı, O., Dokuz, A., Kandemir, R., 2017. Subduction-related Late Carboniferous to Early Permian magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, the Camlik and Casurluk plutons: Insights from geochemistry, whole-rock Sr-Nd and in situ zircon Lu-Hf isotopes, and U-Pb geochronology. Lithos, doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2016.10.007.
• Karslı, O., Dokuz, A., Uysal, İ., Aydın, F., Chen, B., Kandemir, R., Wijbrans, J., 2010. Relative contributions of crust and mantle to generation of campanian high-K calc-alkaline I-type granitoids in a subduction setting, with special reference to the Harşit Pluton (Eastern Turkey), Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 160, 467–487.
• Kaygusuz, A., Aydınçakır, E., 2011. Petrogenesis of a Late Cretaceous composite pluton from the Eastern Pontides: the Dağbaşı Pluton, NE Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch Für Mineralogie, 188/3, 211–233.
• Kaygusuz, A., Şen, C., 2011. Calc-alkaline I-type plutons in the eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: U-Pb zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence. Chemie der Erde Geochemistry, 71, 59–75.
• Kaygusuz, A., Wolfgang, S., İlbeyli, N., Arslan, M., Satır, M., Şen, C., 2010. Insight into magma genesis at convergent plate margins – a case study from the eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Neues Jahrbuch Für Mineralogie, 187/3, 265–287.
• Kaygusuz, A,. Sipahi, F,. İlbeyli, N,. Arslan, M,. Chen, B,. Aydınçakır, E., 2013. Petrogenesis of the Late Cretaceous Turnagöl intrusion in the eastern Pontides: Implications for magma genesis in the arc setting. Geoscience Frontiers, 4, 423-438.
• Kaygusuz, A., Şahin, K., 2016. Petrographical, geochemical and petrological characteristics of Eocene volcanic rocks in the Mescitli area, Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science, 5 (2), 473–486.
• Kaygusuz, A., Şen, C., Aslan, Z. 2006. Torul (Gümüşhane) volkanitlerin petrografik ve petrolojik özellikleri (KD Türkiye); Fraksiyonel kristallenme ve magma karışımına ilişkin bulgular. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 49, 49–82.
• Kaygusuz, A., 2009. K/Ar ages and geochemistry of the collision related volcanic rocks in the Ilıca (Erzurum) area, eastern Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch Für Mineralogie, 186/1, 21–36.
• Kaygusuz, A., Arslan, M., Sipahi, F., Temizel, İ., 2016. U-Pb zircon chronology and petrogenesis of Carboniferous plutons in the northern part of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: constraints for Paleozoic magmatism and geodynamic evolution. Gondwana Research, 39, 327–346.
• Kaygusuz, A., Arslan, M., Wolfgang, S., Sipahi, F., İlbeyli, N., 2012. Geochronological evidence and tectonic significance of Carboniferous magmatism in the southwest Trabzon area, eastern Pontides, Turkey. International Geology Rew, 54 (15), 1776–1800.
• Kaygusuz, A., Öztürk, M., 2015. Geochronology, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Eocene Bayburt intrusions, Eastern Pontide, NE Turkey: implications for lithospheric mantle and lower crustal sources in the high-K calc-alkaline magmatism. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 108, 97–116.
• Kaygusuz, A., Wolfgang, S., Şen, C., Satır, M., 2008. Petrochemistry and petrology of I-type granitoids in an arc setting: the composite Torul pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97, 739–764.
• Kemp, A.I.S., 2001. Petrogenesis of granitic rocks: A source based perspective. PhD Thesis, Autralian National University, Canberra, Australia (unpublished).
• Kemp, A.I.S., 2004. Petrology of high-Mg, low-Ti igneous rocks of the Glenelg River Complex (SE Australia) and the nature of their interaction with crustal melts, Lithos, 119–156.
• Keskin, İ., Korkmaz, S., Gedik, İ., Ateş, M., Gök, L., Küçümen, Ö., Erkal, T., 1989. Bayburt dolayının jeolojisi. MTA rapor No: 8995,129s, Ankara.
• Köprübaşı, N., Şen, C., Kaygusuz, A., 2000. Doğu Pontid adayayı granitoyidlerinin karşılaştırılmalı petrografik ve kimyasal özellikleri, KD Türkiye. Uygulamalı Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 1, 111–120.
• Leake, E.B., Wooley, A.R., Arps, C.E.S., Birch, W.D., Gilbert, M.C., Grice, J.D., Hawthorne, F.C., Kato, A, Kisch, H.J., Krivovichev, V.G., Linthout, K., Laird, J., Mandarino, J., Maresch, W.V., Nickhel, E.H., Rock, N.M.S., Schumacher, J.C., Smith, D.C., Stephenson, N.C.N., Ungaretti, L., Whittaker, E.J.W., Youzhi, G., 1997. Nomenclature of amphiboles report of the subcommittee on amphiboles of the international mineralogical association commission on new minerals and mineral names. European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 623–651.
• Lepage, L.D., 2003. ILMAT: an excel worksheet for ilmenite--magnetite geothermometry and geobarometry. Computer Geosciences, 29 (5), 673–678.
• Luhr, J.F., Carmichael, I.S.E., Varekamp, J.C., 1984. The 1982 eruptions of El Chicón Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico: Mineralogy and petrology of the anhydrite-bearing pumices. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 23, 69–108.
• Merzbacher, C., Eggler, D.H., 1984. A magmatic geohygrometer: application to Mount St. Helens and other dacitic magmas, Geology, 12, 587–590.
• Moazzen, M., Droop, G.T.R., 2004. Application of mineral thermometers and barometers to granitoid igneous rocks: the Etive Complex, W Scotland. Mineralogy and Petrology, 83, 27–53.
• Morimoto, M., 1988. Nomenclature pyroxenes. Mineralogical Magasine, 52, 535–550.
• Naney, MT., 1983. Phase equilibria of rock-forming ferromagnesian silicates in granitic systems, American Journal of Science, 283, 993–1033.
• Önenç, D.İ., Altınbaş, A.F., Erkanol, D., Tulukçu, A., 2005. Bayburt taşı ve doğal taş potansiyeli. Maden Jeolojisi Raporu, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 155 p.
• Özdamar, Ş., Roden, M.F., Billor, M.Z., 2017. Petrology of the shoshonitic Çambaşı pluton in NE Turkey and implications for the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean: insights from geochemistry, geochronology and Sr–Nd isotopes. Lithos, 284 (285), 477–492.
• Papike, J.J., Cameron, K.L. Baldwin, K., 1974. Amphiboles and pyroxenes: Characterization of other than quadrilateral components and estimates of ferric iron from microprobe data. Geological Society of America, 6, 1053–1054.
• Parsons, I., Mason, R.A., Becker, S.M., Finch, A.A., 1991. Biotite equilibria and fluid circulation in the Klokken Intrusion. Journal of Petrology, 32, 1299–1333.
• Powell, R., Powell, M., 1977. Geothermometry and oxygen barometry using coexisting iron-titanium oxides: a reappraisal. Mineralogical Magazine, 41 (318), 257–263.
• Putirka, K.D., 1999. Clinopyroxene+liquid equilibrium to 100 kbar and 2450 K. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 135, 151–163.
• Putirka, K.D., 2005. Igneous thermometers and barometers based on plagioclase + liquid equilibria: Tests of some existing models and new calibrations. American Mineralogist, 90, 336–346.
• Putirka, K.D., 2008. Thermometers and barometers for volcanic systems. In: Putirka, K.D., Tepley, F., (eds). Reviews in Mineralogy, 69, 61–120.
• Putirka, K.D., Ryerson, F.J., Mikaelian, H., 2003. New igneous thermobarometers for mafic and evolved lava compositions, based on clinopyroxene + liquid equilibria. American Mineralogist, 88, 1542–1554.
• Putirka, K.D., Johnson, M., Kinzler, R., Walker, D., 1996. Thermobarometry of mafic igneous rocks based on clinopyroxene-liquid equilibria, 0-30 kbar. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 123, 92-108.
• Ridolfi, F., Renzulli, A., 2012. Calcic amphiboles in calc-alkaline and alkaline magmas: thermobarometric and chemometric empirical equations valid up to 1,130 °C and 2.2 Gpa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 163, 877–895.
• Ridolfi, F., Renzulli, A., Puerini, M., 2010. Stability and chemical equilibrium of amphibole in calc-alkaline magmas: an overview, new thermobarometric formulations and application to subduction- related volcanoes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 160, 45–66.
• Saydam Eker, Ç., Sipahi, F., Kaygusuz, A. 2012. Trace and rare earth elements as indicators of provenance and depositional environments of Lias cherts in Gumushane, NE Turkey. Chemie der Erde Geochemistry, 72, 167–177.
• Schmidt, M.W., 1992. Amphibole composition in tonalite as a function of pressure: An experimental calibration of the Al-in amfibole barometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 110, 304–310.
• Sipahi, F., Kaygusuz, A., Saydam Eker, Ç., Vural, A., Akpınar, İ., 2017. Late Cretaceous arc igneous activity: The Eğrikar Monzogranite example. International Geology Review, 60 (3), 382–400.
• Sipahi, F., Sadıklar, M.B., Şen, C., 2014. The geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics of Murgul (Artvin) volcanics in the Eastern Black Sea region (NE Turkey). Chemie der Erde/Geochemistry, 74, 331–342.
• Smith, J.V., Brown, W.L., 1988. Feldspar minerals. 2nd review and extended edition Book (ISBN 0387176926), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
• Spencer, K.J., Lindsley, D.H., 1981. A solution model for coexisting iron-titanium oxides. American Mineralogist, 66 (11-12), 1189–1201.
• Streckeisen, A., 1976. To each plutonic rock its proper name. Earth Sciences Review, 12, 1–33.
• Şahin, S.Y., Güngör, Y., Boztuğ, D., 2004. Comparative petrogenetic investigation of Composite Kaçar Batholith Granitoids in eastern Pontide magmatic arc (Northern Turkey). Earth Planets Space, 56, 429–446.
• Temizel, İ., Arslan, M., Ruffet, G., Peucat, J.J., 2012. Petrochemistry, geochronology and Sr–Nd isotopic systematics of the Tertiary collisional and post-collisional volcanic rocks from the Ulubey (Ordu) area, eastern Pontide, NE Turkey: implications for extension-related origin and mantle source characteristics. Lithos, 128, 126–147.
• Temizel, İ., Arslan, M., Yücel, C., Abdioğlu, E., Ruffet, G., 2016. Geochronology and geochemistry of Eocene-aged volcanic rocks around the Bafra (Samsun, N Turkey) area: constraints for the interaction of lithospheric mantle and crustal melts. Lithos, 258-259, 92–114.
• Thompson, R.N., 1977. Primary basalts and magma genesis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 60, 91–108.
• Topuz, G., Altherr, R., Schwarz, W.H., Siebel, W., Satır, M., Dokuz, A., 2005. Post-collisional plutonism with adakite-like signatures: the Eocene Saraycik Granodiorite (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 150, 441–455.
• Topuz, G., Altherr, R., Siebel, W., Schwarz, W.H., Zack, T., Hasözbek, A., Barth, M., Satır, M., Şen, C., 2010. Carboniferous high-potassium I-Type granitoid magmatism in the Eastern Pontides: the Gümüşhane Pluton (NE Turkey). Lithos, 116, 92–110.
• Uchida, E., Endo, S., Makino, M., 2007. Relationship between solidification depth of granitic rocks and formation of hydrothermal ore deposits. Resource Geology, 57, 47–56.
• Wones, D.R., 1989. Significance of the assemblage titanite + magnetite + quartz in granitic rocks. American Mineralogist, 74, 744–749.
• Yılmaz, S., Boztuğ, D., 1996. Space and time relations of three plutonic phases in the Eastern Pontides (Turkey). International Geology Review, 38, 935–956.
• Yılmaz, Y., 1972, Petrology and structure of the Gümüshene Granite and surrounding rocks, North-Eastern Anatolia. PhD Thesis, University of London, 260 p.
• Yücel, C., Arslan, M., Temizel, İ., Abdioğlu Yazar, E., Ruffet, G., 2017. Evolution of K-rich magmas derived from a net veined lithospheric mantle in an ongoing extensional setting: Geochronology and geochemistry of Eocene and Miocene volcanic rocks from Eastern Pontides (Turkey). Gondwana Research, 45, 65–86.
• Yücel, C., Arslan, M., Temizel, İ., Abdioğlu, E., 2014. Volcanic facies and mineral chemistry of Cenozoic volcanics in the northern part of the Eastern Pontides, Northeast Turkey: Implications for pre-eruptive crystallization conditions and magma chamber processes. Mineralogy and Petrology, 108, 439–467.