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Geology and sratigraphy of the Cainozoic Sedimantary Rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık Area, Denizli, Southwestern Turkey

Year 1989, Volume: 109 Issue: 109, 1 - 14, 01.02.1989

H.yavuz Hakyemez

Abstract

In this work, the geological and stratigraphical characteristics of the Cainozoic sedimentary rocks exposed at the Kale-Kurbalık (SW Denizli) area have been investigated. In the study area the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rocks form the basement rocks and are overlain by the Oligocene to the Quaternary aged sedimentary rocks. The Tertiary rocks have been considered in two groups, namely the Akçay group and the Muğla group. The Oligocene to the Burdigalian aged Akçay group is represented by the Karadere, Mortuma, Yenidere, Künar and Kale formations. During this time interval, mostly the terrestrial fine and coarse clastics were deposited, but in the last stage of this time shallow marine carbonates were sedimented on the some parts of the region. There is an angular unconformity between the Mortuma and the Yenidere formations of the Akçay group; others are conformable to each other. The Akçay group is 4100 meter thick. The Upper Astarasian (Middle Miocene) to Pliocene aged Muğla group which overlies the Akçay group uncorformably is formed of the Sekköy, Yatağan and Milet formations. During this time interval, the lacustrine siltstones and carbonates and the terrestrial coarse elastics were deposited. The formations of the Muğla group are conformable and gradational to each other. The Muğla group is 550 meter thick. The Quaternary deposits have been considered in two units, namely "Lower" and "Upper" Quaternary sediments. Only the Mortuma formation of all units of the study area is gently folded, but others have low degree dips. Tectonic activity has played a big important role in the forming of the various sedimentary basins which have been generated since the beginning of the Oligocene up to the present.

Keywords

Geology Cainozoic Sedimantary

References

  • Allen, J.R.L,., 1964, Studies in fluviatile sedimentation : Six cyclothems from the Lower Old Red Sandstone, AngloWelsh Basin: Sedimentology, 3, 163-198.
  • ,1965a, Fining upwards cycles in alluvial successions : Geol.J.,4,229-246.
  • — ,1965b, A review of the origin and characteristics of recent alluvial sediments: Sedimentology, 5,89-191.
  • — ,1968, Current Ripples. Their Relation to Patterns of Water and Sediment Motion, pp.433, Amsterdam, North-Holland Publ.Comp.
  • — , 1970, A quantative model of grain size and sedimentary structures in lateral deposits: Geol.J., 7, 129-146.
  • Altınlı, İ.E., 1955, Denizli güneyinin jeolojik incelemesi: İst. Üniv. Fen Fak.Bull., B, XX, 1-2,1-47.
  • Atalay, Z., 1980, Muğla-Yatağan ve yakın dolayı karasal Neojeninin . stratigrafi araştırması : Türk Jeol. Kur. Bull., 23,1,93-99.
  • Becker-Platen, J.D., 1970, Lithostratigraphische Untersuchungen in Kanozoikum Südwest-Anatoliens (Kanozoikum und Braunkohlen der Türkei,2) :Beih.Geol.Jb., 97,244 p., Hannover.
  • ; Benda, L. and Steffens, P., 1977, Litho- und biostratigraphische deutung radiometrischer alterbestimmungen aus dem Jungtertiar der Türkei (Kanozoikum und Braukohlender Turkei, 18):Geol.Jahr., B25, 139-167.
  • Benda, L. and Meulenkamp J.E., 1979, Biostratigraphic correlations in the Mediterranean Neogene, 5.Calibration of sporomorph associations, marine and continental stages and the radio metrie scale. Ann.Geol.Pays Hellen., Tome hors Serie, 1979,1, 61-70. Vllth International Congresson Mediterranean Neogene, Athens, 1979.
  • Bernard, H. A. and Major, C.F. Jr., 1963, Recent meander belt deposits of the Brazos River: an alluvial sand model: Bull. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol., 47,350.
  • Bull., W.B., 1972, Recognition of alluvial-fan deposits in the stratigramodel: BulLAm.Ass. Petrol.Geol., 47, 350.
  • — , 1972, Recognition of alluvial-fan deposits in the stratigraphic record.In: Recognition of Ancient Sedimentary Environments (ed.by K.J.Rigby and W.K.Hamblin), 68- 83. Spec.Publ.Soc.Econ.Paleont.Miner., 16, Tulsa
  • Coleman, J.M., 1969, Brahmaputra River: Channel processes and sedimentation: Sedim. Geol., &,129-139.
  • Collinson, J.D., 1978, Alluvial sediments. In: Sedimentary Environments and Fades (ed. by H.G. Reading), 15-60, Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Dizer, A., 1962, Denizli bölgesinin Eosen ve Oligosen foraminiferleri: İst.Üniv.Fen Fak.Bull., B, XXVII, 1-2, 39-45.
  • Doeglas,D.J., 1962, The structure of sedimentary deposits of braided rivers: Sedimentology,1,167-190.
  • Dumont, J.F.; Uysal, Ş.; Şimşek, Ş; Karamanderesi, İ.H. and Letouzcy, J., 1979, Güneybatı Anadolu'daki grabenlerin oluşumu: MTA Bull., 92, 7-17, Ankara-Turkey.
  • Dunham,R.J., 1962, Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. In: Classification of Carbonate Rocks (ed. by W.E.Ham), 108-121,Mem.Ass.Petrol. Geol., 1, Ulsa.
  • Elliott.T., 1978, Clastic shorelines. In: Sedimentary Environments and Facies(ed.by H.G. Reading), 143-177, Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Ercan.T. Günay,E.; Baş.H., and Can, B., 1980, Datça yanmadasının Pliyo-Kuvatemer jeblojisi: Türkiye Jeol. Mühendisliği Kong. Bull., 2,99-110.
  • — ;Türkecan, A., and Günay, E., 1981, Bodrum yanmadasının jeolojisi: MTA Bull., 97/98, 21-32, Ankara-Turkey.
  • Fahlbusch,V., 1976, Report on the International Mammalian Stratigraphy of the European Tertiary: Newsl. Stratigr., 5(2/3), 160-167.
  • Gabunia, L.K., 1979, Biostratigraphic correlations between the Neogene land mammal faunas of the East and Central Paratethys: Ann.Geol.Pays Hellen., Tome hors Serie, 1,413-423, International Congress on Mediterranean Neogene, Athens.
  • Glennie, K.W., 1970, Desert sedimentary environments: Developments in Sedimentology, 14, pp.222, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Gökçen, N., 1982, Denizli ve Muğla çevresi Neojen istifinin Ostrakod biyoitratigrafisi: Yerbilimleri (HÜ Yerb Enst. Bull.), 9,111-131.
  • Hakyemez, H.Y., 1987, Kale-Kurbalık (Güneybatı Denizli) Bölgesindeki Senozoyik Yaşlı Çökel Kayaların Jeolojisi ve Stratigrafisi: Ph.D.Thesis, ist.Üniv.Fen BiLEnst.Jeol Müh Anabil. Dalı (unpublished).
  • — and Örçen, S. 1982, Muğla-Denizli arasındaki (GB Anadolu) Senozoyik yaşlı çökel kayalann sedimentolojik ve biyostratigrafik incelemesi: MTA Rep., 7&11 (unpublished),Ankara-Turkey.
  • Harms, J.C., 1975, Stratification produced by migrating bed forms. In: Depositional Environments as Interpreted from Primary Sedimentary Structures and Stratification Sequences, 45-61,Soc.Econ.Paleont.Miner., Short Course 2, Dallas, Texas.
  • Hayes, M.O., 1967, Hurricanes as geological agents, South Texas coast: Bull.Am.Ass.Petrol.Geol., 937-942.
  • Hooke, R. Le B., 1967, Processes on arid-region alluvial fans: J.Geol., 75,438-460.
  • Laury, R.L., 1971, Stream bank failure and rotational slumping: Preservation and significance in the geologic record: Bull.GeoLSoc.Am., 1251-1266.
  • Liittig.G. and Steffens,P., 1976, Explanatory notes for the paleographic Atlas of Turkey from the Oligocene to the Pleistocene, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenechaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover.
  • Mckee, E.D., 1957, Primary structures in some recent sediments: Bull.Am.Ass.PetrolGeol, 41, 1704-1747.
  • Poisson, A., 1977, Recherces geologiques dans les Taurides Occidentales (Turquie): Tome II, These presentee o L Universite de Paris-Sud (Centre D'Orsay).
  • Rahn, P.H., 1967, Sheetfloods, streamfloods and the formation of pediments: Ann.Assoc.Am.Geogr., 57, 593-604.
  • Simons, D.B.; Richardson, E.V. and Nordin, C.F., 1965, Sedimentary structures generated by flow in alluvial channels. In: Primary Sedimentary Structures and their Hydrodynamic Interpretation (ed. by G.V. Middleton), 34-52, Spec.Publ.Soc.Econ.Paleont.Miner., 12, Tulsa.
  • Singh, I.B., 1972, On the bedding in the natural-levee an point bar deposits of the Gomti River, Uttar Pradesh, India: Sedim. Geol., 7, 309-317.
  • Smith, N.D., 1970, The braided stream depositional environments: Comparison of the Platte River with some Silurian clastic rocks, North-Central Appalachians: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 81, 2993-3014.
  • — ,1971, Transverse bars and braiding in the Lower Platte River, Nebraska : Bull. Geol. Soc Am., 82,3407-3420.
  • Stanley, G.D., Jr., 1979, Triassic carbonate buildups of Western North America: Comparison with the Alpine Triassic of Europe: Riv.Ital.Paleont., 85, 3-4, 877-894.
  • Steinihger, F.F. and Rögl.F., 1979, The Paratethys history A contribution towards the Neogene geodynamics of the Alpine Orogene: Ann. Geol. Pays Hellen., Tome hors Serie, 111, 1153-1165, International Congress on Mediterranean Neogene, Athens.
  • Walker, T.R., 1967, Formation of red beds in ancient and modern deserts: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 78, 353-368.
  • Williams, P.p. and Rust, B.R ., 1969, The sedimentology of a braided river: J. Sedim. Petrol., 39,649-679.
  • Wilson, J. L., 1975, Carbonate Fades in Geologic History: Springer- Verlag, pp. 471, Berlin.

Geology and sratigraphy of the Cainozoic Sedimantary Rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık Area, Denizli, Southwestern Turkey

Year 1989, Volume: 109 Issue: 109, 1 - 14, 01.02.1989

H.yavuz Hakyemez

Abstract

In this work, the geological and stratigraphical characteristics of the Cainozoic sedimentary rocks exposed at the Kale-Kurbalık (SW Denizli) area have been investigated. In the study area the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rocks form the basement rocks and are overlain by the Oligocene to the Quaternary aged sedimentary rocks. The Tertiary rocks have been considered in two groups, namely the Akçay group and the Muğla group. The Oligocene to the Burdigalian aged Akçay group is represented by the Karadere, Mortuma, Yenidere, Künar and Kale formations. During this time interval, mostly the terrestrial fine and coarse clastics were deposited, but in the last stage of this time shallow marine carbonates were sedimented on the some parts of the region. There is an angular unconformity between the Mortuma and the Yenidere formations of the Akçay group; others are conformable to each other. The Akçay group is 4100 meter thick. The Upper Astarasian (Middle Miocene) to Pliocene aged Muğla group which overlies the Akçay group uncorformably is formed of the Sekköy, Yatağan and Milet formations. During this time interval, the lacustrine siltstones and carbonates and the terrestrial coarse elastics were deposited. The formations of the Muğla group are conformable and gradational to each other. The Muğla group is 550 meter thick. The Quaternary deposits have been considered in two units, namely "Lower" and "Upper" Quaternary sediments. Only the Mortuma formation of all units of the study area is gently folded, but others have low degree dips. Tectonic activity has played a big important role in the forming of the various sedimentary basins which have been generated since the beginning of the Oligocene up to the present.

Keywords

Geology Cainozoic Sedimantary

References

  • Allen, J.R.L,., 1964, Studies in fluviatile sedimentation : Six cyclothems from the Lower Old Red Sandstone, AngloWelsh Basin: Sedimentology, 3, 163-198.
  • ,1965a, Fining upwards cycles in alluvial successions : Geol.J.,4,229-246.
  • — ,1965b, A review of the origin and characteristics of recent alluvial sediments: Sedimentology, 5,89-191.
  • — ,1968, Current Ripples. Their Relation to Patterns of Water and Sediment Motion, pp.433, Amsterdam, North-Holland Publ.Comp.
  • — , 1970, A quantative model of grain size and sedimentary structures in lateral deposits: Geol.J., 7, 129-146.
  • Altınlı, İ.E., 1955, Denizli güneyinin jeolojik incelemesi: İst. Üniv. Fen Fak.Bull., B, XX, 1-2,1-47.
  • Atalay, Z., 1980, Muğla-Yatağan ve yakın dolayı karasal Neojeninin . stratigrafi araştırması : Türk Jeol. Kur. Bull., 23,1,93-99.
  • Becker-Platen, J.D., 1970, Lithostratigraphische Untersuchungen in Kanozoikum Südwest-Anatoliens (Kanozoikum und Braunkohlen der Türkei,2) :Beih.Geol.Jb., 97,244 p., Hannover.
  • ; Benda, L. and Steffens, P., 1977, Litho- und biostratigraphische deutung radiometrischer alterbestimmungen aus dem Jungtertiar der Türkei (Kanozoikum und Braukohlender Turkei, 18):Geol.Jahr., B25, 139-167.
  • Benda, L. and Meulenkamp J.E., 1979, Biostratigraphic correlations in the Mediterranean Neogene, 5.Calibration of sporomorph associations, marine and continental stages and the radio metrie scale. Ann.Geol.Pays Hellen., Tome hors Serie, 1979,1, 61-70. Vllth International Congresson Mediterranean Neogene, Athens, 1979.
  • Bernard, H. A. and Major, C.F. Jr., 1963, Recent meander belt deposits of the Brazos River: an alluvial sand model: Bull. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol., 47,350.
  • Bull., W.B., 1972, Recognition of alluvial-fan deposits in the stratigramodel: BulLAm.Ass. Petrol.Geol., 47, 350.
  • — , 1972, Recognition of alluvial-fan deposits in the stratigraphic record.In: Recognition of Ancient Sedimentary Environments (ed.by K.J.Rigby and W.K.Hamblin), 68- 83. Spec.Publ.Soc.Econ.Paleont.Miner., 16, Tulsa
  • Coleman, J.M., 1969, Brahmaputra River: Channel processes and sedimentation: Sedim. Geol., &,129-139.
  • Collinson, J.D., 1978, Alluvial sediments. In: Sedimentary Environments and Fades (ed. by H.G. Reading), 15-60, Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Dizer, A., 1962, Denizli bölgesinin Eosen ve Oligosen foraminiferleri: İst.Üniv.Fen Fak.Bull., B, XXVII, 1-2, 39-45.
  • Doeglas,D.J., 1962, The structure of sedimentary deposits of braided rivers: Sedimentology,1,167-190.
  • Dumont, J.F.; Uysal, Ş.; Şimşek, Ş; Karamanderesi, İ.H. and Letouzcy, J., 1979, Güneybatı Anadolu'daki grabenlerin oluşumu: MTA Bull., 92, 7-17, Ankara-Turkey.
  • Dunham,R.J., 1962, Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. In: Classification of Carbonate Rocks (ed. by W.E.Ham), 108-121,Mem.Ass.Petrol. Geol., 1, Ulsa.
  • Elliott.T., 1978, Clastic shorelines. In: Sedimentary Environments and Facies(ed.by H.G. Reading), 143-177, Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Ercan.T. Günay,E.; Baş.H., and Can, B., 1980, Datça yanmadasının Pliyo-Kuvatemer jeblojisi: Türkiye Jeol. Mühendisliği Kong. Bull., 2,99-110.
  • — ;Türkecan, A., and Günay, E., 1981, Bodrum yanmadasının jeolojisi: MTA Bull., 97/98, 21-32, Ankara-Turkey.
  • Fahlbusch,V., 1976, Report on the International Mammalian Stratigraphy of the European Tertiary: Newsl. Stratigr., 5(2/3), 160-167.
  • Gabunia, L.K., 1979, Biostratigraphic correlations between the Neogene land mammal faunas of the East and Central Paratethys: Ann.Geol.Pays Hellen., Tome hors Serie, 1,413-423, International Congress on Mediterranean Neogene, Athens.
  • Glennie, K.W., 1970, Desert sedimentary environments: Developments in Sedimentology, 14, pp.222, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Gökçen, N., 1982, Denizli ve Muğla çevresi Neojen istifinin Ostrakod biyoitratigrafisi: Yerbilimleri (HÜ Yerb Enst. Bull.), 9,111-131.
  • Hakyemez, H.Y., 1987, Kale-Kurbalık (Güneybatı Denizli) Bölgesindeki Senozoyik Yaşlı Çökel Kayaların Jeolojisi ve Stratigrafisi: Ph.D.Thesis, ist.Üniv.Fen BiLEnst.Jeol Müh Anabil. Dalı (unpublished).
  • — and Örçen, S. 1982, Muğla-Denizli arasındaki (GB Anadolu) Senozoyik yaşlı çökel kayalann sedimentolojik ve biyostratigrafik incelemesi: MTA Rep., 7&11 (unpublished),Ankara-Turkey.
  • Harms, J.C., 1975, Stratification produced by migrating bed forms. In: Depositional Environments as Interpreted from Primary Sedimentary Structures and Stratification Sequences, 45-61,Soc.Econ.Paleont.Miner., Short Course 2, Dallas, Texas.
  • Hayes, M.O., 1967, Hurricanes as geological agents, South Texas coast: Bull.Am.Ass.Petrol.Geol., 937-942.
  • Hooke, R. Le B., 1967, Processes on arid-region alluvial fans: J.Geol., 75,438-460.
  • Laury, R.L., 1971, Stream bank failure and rotational slumping: Preservation and significance in the geologic record: Bull.GeoLSoc.Am., 1251-1266.
  • Liittig.G. and Steffens,P., 1976, Explanatory notes for the paleographic Atlas of Turkey from the Oligocene to the Pleistocene, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenechaften und Rohstoffe, Hannover.
  • Mckee, E.D., 1957, Primary structures in some recent sediments: Bull.Am.Ass.PetrolGeol, 41, 1704-1747.
  • Poisson, A., 1977, Recherces geologiques dans les Taurides Occidentales (Turquie): Tome II, These presentee o L Universite de Paris-Sud (Centre D'Orsay).
  • Rahn, P.H., 1967, Sheetfloods, streamfloods and the formation of pediments: Ann.Assoc.Am.Geogr., 57, 593-604.
  • Simons, D.B.; Richardson, E.V. and Nordin, C.F., 1965, Sedimentary structures generated by flow in alluvial channels. In: Primary Sedimentary Structures and their Hydrodynamic Interpretation (ed. by G.V. Middleton), 34-52, Spec.Publ.Soc.Econ.Paleont.Miner., 12, Tulsa.
  • Singh, I.B., 1972, On the bedding in the natural-levee an point bar deposits of the Gomti River, Uttar Pradesh, India: Sedim. Geol., 7, 309-317.
  • Smith, N.D., 1970, The braided stream depositional environments: Comparison of the Platte River with some Silurian clastic rocks, North-Central Appalachians: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 81, 2993-3014.
  • — ,1971, Transverse bars and braiding in the Lower Platte River, Nebraska : Bull. Geol. Soc Am., 82,3407-3420.
  • Stanley, G.D., Jr., 1979, Triassic carbonate buildups of Western North America: Comparison with the Alpine Triassic of Europe: Riv.Ital.Paleont., 85, 3-4, 877-894.
  • Steinihger, F.F. and Rögl.F., 1979, The Paratethys history A contribution towards the Neogene geodynamics of the Alpine Orogene: Ann. Geol. Pays Hellen., Tome hors Serie, 111, 1153-1165, International Congress on Mediterranean Neogene, Athens.
  • Walker, T.R., 1967, Formation of red beds in ancient and modern deserts: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 78, 353-368.
  • Williams, P.p. and Rust, B.R ., 1969, The sedimentology of a braided river: J. Sedim. Petrol., 39,649-679.
  • Wilson, J. L., 1975, Carbonate Fades in Geologic History: Springer- Verlag, pp. 471, Berlin.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

H.yavuz Hakyemez

Publication Date February 1, 1989
Published in Issue Year 1989 Volume: 109 Issue: 109

Cite

APA Hakyemez, H. (1989). Geology and sratigraphy of the Cainozoic Sedimantary Rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık Area, Denizli, Southwestern Turkey. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 109(109), 1-14.
AMA Hakyemez H. Geology and sratigraphy of the Cainozoic Sedimantary Rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık Area, Denizli, Southwestern Turkey. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. February 1989;109(109):1-14.
Chicago Hakyemez, H.yavuz. “Geology and Sratigraphy of the Cainozoic Sedimantary Rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık Area, Denizli, Southwestern Turkey”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 109, no. 109 (February 1989): 1-14.
EndNote Hakyemez H (February 1, 1989) Geology and sratigraphy of the Cainozoic Sedimantary Rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık Area, Denizli, Southwestern Turkey. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 109 109 1–14.
IEEE H. Hakyemez, “Geology and sratigraphy of the Cainozoic Sedimantary Rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık Area, Denizli, Southwestern Turkey”, Bull.Min.Res.Exp., vol. 109, no. 109, pp. 1–14, 1989.
ISNAD Hakyemez, H.yavuz. “Geology and Sratigraphy of the Cainozoic Sedimantary Rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık Area, Denizli, Southwestern Turkey”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 109/109 (February 1989), 1-14.
JAMA Hakyemez H. Geology and sratigraphy of the Cainozoic Sedimantary Rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık Area, Denizli, Southwestern Turkey. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 1989;109:1–14.
MLA Hakyemez, H.yavuz. “Geology and Sratigraphy of the Cainozoic Sedimantary Rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık Area, Denizli, Southwestern Turkey”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, vol. 109, no. 109, 1989, pp. 1-14.
Vancouver Hakyemez H. Geology and sratigraphy of the Cainozoic Sedimantary Rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık Area, Denizli, Southwestern Turkey. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 1989;109(109):1-14.

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