Of The Eastern Fan In Cingöz Formation (NW Adana)

Year 2004, Volume: 129 Issue: 129, 32 - 32, 01.10.2004

Huriye Demircan Vedia Toker

Abstract

This study considers the
trace fossils within the Early-Middle Eocene turbiditic submarine aluvial fan
deposits of the Cingöz formation around Karaisalı-Çatalan-Eğner to the N of
Adana. Regarding the morphological characteristics twenty trace fossils are described.
From these, fourteen are determined as ichnogenus (Arthrophycus tenius, Halopoa
annulata, Nereites irregularis, Cosmorhaphe sinuosa, Helminthorhaphe flexuosa,
Helicolithus tortuosus, Desmograpton dertonensis, Desmograpton ichthyforme,
Urohelminthoida dertonensis, Paleodictyon strozzii, Paleodictyon delicatulum,
Paleodictyon majus, Paleodictyon croaticum, Paleodictyon submontanum), and six
of ichnospecies (Phymatoderma isp., Lophoctenium isp., Helminthopsis isp.,
Desmograpton isp., Paleodictyon isp., ?Megagrapton isp., ) level.

Keywords

Adana, Cingöz formation, trace fossils, ichno genus, ichnospecies

References

• Abel, O., 1935, Vorzeitiliche Lebensspuren. Gustav Fisher, Jena, 644s.
• Alexandrescu, G. ve Brustur, T., 1980, Aspura unor urme de activitate organica (trace fossils) din fliþul Carpatilor orientali (partea I) (Sur des traces organique (trace fossils) du flysch des
• Carpates Orientales (I parie). Dari de Scama ale Sedintelor, Institutul de Geologie si Geofizica Paleontologie, 65 , 17-30.
• ve , 1987, Structures sédimentaires biogènes (trace fossils) du flysch des Carpathes Orientales (III-ième partie). D ri de Seam ale Institutul de Geologie þi Paleontologie 72- 73, 5-20.
• Archer, A.W. ve Maples, C.G., 1984, Trace fossil distri- bution across a marine - to - nonmarine gra- dient in the Pennsylvanian of South Western Indiana. Journal Paleontology, 58, 448-466.
• Azpeitia-Moros, F., 1933, Datos para el estudio pale- ontológico del flysch de la Costa Cantábrica y de algunos otros puntos de España. Boletín del Instituto Geologico y Minero de España, 53, 1-65.
• Banyai, J., 1939, Kövesedett halikralenyomatok (Fossilien-Abdrücke von Fischrogen im Séklerland). Különlevonat az Erdélyi Múzeum, 44, 79-86 (Macarca).
• Bromley, R. G. ve Pemberton, G. S., 1984, A Creta- ceous woodground: the Teredolites ichnofa- cies. Journal of Paleontology, 58, 488-494.
• Brongniart, A. T., 1849, Tableau des generes de végé- taux fossils considérés sous le point de vue de leur classification botanique et de leur distribution géologique. Dictionnaire Univer- sel Histoire Naturelle, 13 ,1-27 (152-176).
• Chamberlain, C.K., 1971, Morphology and ethology of trace fossils from the Ouachita Mountains, southeastern Oklahoma. Journal of Paleon- tology, 45, 212-246.
• Chamberlain, C.K., 1978, Recognition of trace fossils in cores. Basan, P. (ed). Trace fossil con- cepts de. Society of Economic Paleonto- logists and Minerologists, Short Course, 5, 119-166.
• Chiplonkar, G.W. ve Badve, R.M., 1970, Trace fossils from the Bagh Beds. Journal of the Paleon- tological Society of India, 14, 1-10.
• ve Ghare, M. A., 1975, Some additional trace fossils from the Bagh Beds. Bulletin of the Indian Geological Association, 8, 71-84.
• Crimes, T.P., 1977, Trace fossils of an Eocene Deep sea fan, northern Spain. Crimes,T.P. ve Harper, J.C. (ed). Trace fossils de. Geological Journal, Special Issue Liverpool, 9, 71-90.
• 1987, Trace fossils from Late Precambrian - Early Cambrian strata. Geological Maga- zine, 124, 97-119.
• ve Anderson, M. M., 1985, Trace fossils from Lete Precamrian-Early Cambrian of south- eastern Newfoundland (Canada): temporal and environmental implications. Journal of Paleontology, 59, 310-343.
• ve Crossley, J. D., 1991, A diverse ichnofau- na from Silurian flysch of the Aberystwyth Grits formation, Wales. Geological Journal, 26, 27-64.
• ve Fedonkin, M. A., 1994, Evolution and dis- persal of deep sea traces. Palaios, 9, 74-83.
• D’Alessandro, A., 1980, Prime osservacioni sulla ich- nofauna miocenica della “formazione di Gorgolione” (Castelmezzano, Potenza). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 86, 357-398.
• Eager, R. M. C.; Baines, J. G.; Collinson, J. D.; Hardy, P. G.; Okolo, S. A. ve Pollard, J. D., 1985, Deltaic sediments of the Central Pennine Basin, England. Curran, H. A. (ed). Biogenic structures: Their use in interpreting deposi- tional environments de. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Minerologists Special Publication, 35, 99-149.
• Ekdale, A. A., 1980, Graphoglyptid burrows in modern deep-sea sediments. Science, 207, 304- 306.
• ; Muller, L. N. ve Novak, M.T., 1984b, Quantitative ichnology of modern pelagic deposits in the abyssal Atlantic. Palaeo- geography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoeco- logy, 45, 189-223.
• ve Lewis, D.W., 1991b, Trace fossils and paleoenvironmental control of ichnofacies in a late Quaternary gravel and loess fan delta complex, New Zeland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 81, 253- 279.
• Emmons, E., 1844, The Taconic System based on observations in NewYork, Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont, and Rhode-Island. Albany (Caroll and Cook), 63 s.
• Farres Milian, F., 1964, Observaciones paleoichno- logicas y estratigraficas en el flysch Maestrichtiense de la Pobla de Segur (Prov. De Lerida). Notas y Comuni- caciones, Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana, 71, 71-112; Madrid.
• Fedonkin, M. A., 1977, Precambrian-Cambrian ichno- coenoses of the east European platform. Crimes, T. P. ve Harper, J. C. (ed). Trace fos- sils 2 de. Geological Journal, Special Issue, 9, 183-194 .
• 1980, Iskopaiemiye sliedy dokiembriyskoy metazoa [Fossil traces of Precambrian Metazoa]. Izviestija Akademii Nauk SSSR, Geology Series, 1, 39-46.
• 1981, Bielomorskaya biota Venda (dokiem- briyskaia besskeletnaya fauna sievera Russkoy platformi) [White Sea biyota of Vendian (Precambrian non-skeletal fauna of the Russian Paltform North]. 99 s.
• 1985, Paleoichnology of the Vendian Metazoa. Sokolov, B. S. ve Iwanowski, A. B. (ed). The Vendian System. Volume 1, Paleontology de 132-137 ; Springer Berlin.
• Fillion, D. ve Pickerill, R. K., 1984, Systematic ichno- logy of the Middle Ordovician Trenton Group, St. Lawrence Lowland, eastern Canada. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology, 20, 1-41.
• Fillion, D. ve Pickerill, R. K., 1990, Ichnology of the Upper Cambrian? To Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana groups of eastern New foundland, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana, 7, 1-119.
• Frey, R. W. ve Seilacher, A., 1980., Uniformity in marine invertebrate ichnology. Lethaia, 13, 183-207.
• Fu, S., 1991, Funktion, Verhalten und Einteilung fucoider und lophoctenoider Lebensspuren. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg Frankfurt, 135, 1-79.
• Fuchs, T., 1895, Studien über Fucoiden und Hieroglyphen. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, 62, 369-448.
• Fürsich, F.T. ve Heinberg, C., 1983, Sedimentology, Biostratinomy, and palaeoecology of an Upper Jurassic offshore sand bar complex. Bulletin of Geological Society of Denmark, 32, 67-95.
• Gaillard, C., 1991, Recent organism traces and ichno- facies on the deep-sea floor off New Caledonia, southwestern Pacific. Palaios Ann Arbor, 6, 302-315.
• Ghare, M. A. ve Kulkarani, K. G., 1986, Jurassic ichno- fauna of Kutch. II. Wagad Region. Biovigyanam 12, 44-62 .
• Gierlowski-Kordesch, E. ve Ernst, F., 1987, A flysch trace fossil assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous shelf of Tanzania. Mathies, G. ve Schandelmeir, H. (ed) Current Research in African Earth Sciences de. 14th Colloquium on African Geology, Berlin (West), 18-22 August, 1987 Extended Abstracts, 217-22, Rotterdam.
• Gomez de Llarena, J., 1954, Observaciones geologi- cas en el Flysch Cretacico-Numulitico de Guipuzcoa I. Monografia del Instituto ‘Lucas Mollado’, 13,1-98.
• Gregory, M. R., 1969, Trace fossils from the turbidite facies of the Waitemata Group, Whagapa- raoa Peninsula, Auckland. Transaction of the Royal Society of New Zealand Earth Sciences, 7, 1-20.
• Gürbüz, K., 1993, Identification and Evolution of Miocene Submarine Fans in Adana Basin, Turkey. Keele Üniversitesi Doktora Tezi, 327 s (yayınlanmamıþ).
• Han, Y. ve Pickerill, R.K., 1995, Taxonomic review of the ichnogenus Helminthopsis Heer 1877 with a statistical analysis of selected ich- nospecies. Ichnos, 4, 83-118.
• Hantzpergue, P. ve Branger, P., 1992, L’ichnogenere Paleodictyon dans les dépots néetritiques de I’ Oxfordiyen superieur Nord-Aquitain (France). Geobios, 25, 195-205.
• Häntzschel, W., 1964, Spurenfossilien und Proble- matica im Campan von Beckum (Westf.). Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen, 7, 295-308.
• , 1975, Trace fossils and problematica. Teichert C. (ed) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, part W, Miscellanea, Supp- lement I de. Geological Society of America and Universty of Kansas Press, 264s.
• Heer, O., 1877, Flora fossilis Helvetiae. Vorweltliche Flora der Schweiz. J. Wurster Company, 12s, Zürich.
• Hundt, R., 1913, Eine Ergänzung zu “Organische Reste aus dem Untersilur des Hüttchen- berges bei Wünschendorf an der Elster” Zentralblatt für Minerologie, Geologie und Paläontologie 1913,180-181.
• Karny, H., 1928, Lebensspuren in der Mangrovefor- mation Javas. Palaeobiologia, 1, 175 – 480.
• Kern, J. P., 1978, Paleoenvironment of new trace fos- sil from the Eocene Mission Valley formation, California. Journal of Paleontology,, 52, 186- 194.
• , 1980. Origin of trace fossils in Polish Carpathians flysch. Lethaia, 13, 347 – 362.
• Koriba, K. ve Miki, S., 1939, On Paleodictyon and fos- sil Hydrodictyon. Jubilee Publication in the Commemoration of Professor H. Yabe, M. I. A., 1, 55-61.
• Ksiazkièwicz, M., 1958, Stratygrafia serii magurskiej w Beskidzie Srednim (Stratigraphy of the Magura Series in the Sredni Beskid (Carpathians). Instytut Geologiczny, Biulletyn, 153, 43-96.
• , 1961, O niektorych problematykach z fliszu Karpat Polskich II. (On some problematic organic traces from the flysch of the Polish Carpathians, Part II. Ibidem, 5, 882-890.
• , 1970, Observations on the ichnofauna of the Polish Carpathians. Crimes, T. P. ve Harper, J. C. (ed), Trace fossils 1 de. Geological Journal, Special Issue, 3, 283 - 322.
• , 1977, Trace fossils in the flysch of the Polish Carpathians. Paleontologica Polonica, 36 ,208 s.
• Lang, V.; Pek, I. ve Zapletal, J., 1979, Ichnofosilie kulmu jihovychodni easti Drahanske Vrchoviny [Trace fossils in Culm of the South-eastern part of Drahanská Vrhovina Highlands]. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis, Facultas Rerum Naturalium, 62, 57-96.
• Leszczynski, S., 1991a, Trace fossil tiering in flysch sediments: examples from the Guipuzcoan flysch (Cretaceous-Paleogene), northern Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimato- logy, Palaeoecology, 88, 167-184.
• , 1991b, Oxygen-related controls on predepo- sitional ichnofacies in turbidites, Guipuzcoan flysch (Albian-Lower Eocene), northern Spain. Palaios, 6, 271-281.
• , 1992, A generalized model for the develop- ment of ichnocoenoses in flysch deposits. Ichnos, 2, 137-146.
• , 1993, A generalized model for the develop- ment of ichnocoenoses in flysch deposits. Ichnos, 2, 137-146.
• Leszczynski, S., 1993b, Ichnocoenosis versus sedi- ment colour in Upper Albian to Lower Eocene turbidites, Guipúzcoa province, northern Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeo- climatology, Palaeoecology, 100, 251-265.
• ve Seilacher, A., 1991, Ichnocoenoses of a turbidite sole. Ichnos, 1, 293-303.
• McCann, T., 1989, The ichnogenus Desmograpton from the Silurian of Wales- first record from the Paleozoic. Journal of Paleontology, 58, 950-953.
• , 1993, A Nereites ichnofacies from the Ordovician - Silurian Welsh Basin. Ichnos, 3, 39 - 56.
• ve Pickerill, R. K., 1988, Flysch trace fossils from the Cretaceous Kodiak Formation of Alaska. Journal of Paleontology, 62, 330- 347.
• MacLeay, W. S., 1839, Note on the Annelida. Murchison, R.I. (ed) The Silurian System, part II, Organic remains de. J.Murray, London, 699-701.
• Macsotay, O., 1967, Huellas problematicas y su valor paleoecologico en Venezuela. Géos, 16, 7- 39.
• Massalongo, A., 1855, Monografia delle nereidi fossili del M. Bolca. Antonelli, Verona, 35s.
• Matyasovszky, J., 1878, Glenodictyum carpaticum Maty. (Ein fossiler Spongit aus dem Karpathensandsteine von Kis Lipnik im Sároser Comitate). Terémeszetrajzi Füzetek, 2, 262-266.
• Mayer, K., 1878, Zur Geologie des mittleren Ligurien etc. Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Zurich, Vierteljahrschrift, 23, 74-94.
• Mikulas, R., 1990, Trace fossil from the Zahorany Formation (Upper Ordovician, Bohemia). Acta Universitatis Carolinae-Geologia, 3, 307-335.
• , 1996, Note on rediscovered type and figured material relating to Muensteria Sternberg 1833. Ichnos, 4, 305-309.
• Miller, W. I., 1991, Palaeoecology of graphoglyptids. Ichnos, 1, 305- 312.
• , 1993, Simulation of burrowing strategies and construction of Paleodictyon. Journal of Geological Education , 41, 159- 163.
• Paczesnia, J.I., 1985, Ichnorodzaj Paleodictyon ini z dolnego kambru Zbilutki (Góry Swieto- krzyskie). Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 29, 589- 596.
• Papp, K., 1910, Die Versteinerungen des Kaukasus. Führer durch das Museum der Königlich- Ungarischen Geologischen Reichsanstalt. F. Kilian, 298-301, Budapest.
• Paul, C. M., 1898, Der Wienerwald. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der nordalpinen Flysch-bildungen. Jahrbuch der kaiserlich-königlichen Geo- logischen Reichsanstalt, 48, 53-178.
• Pemberton, G.S. ve Frey, R.W., 1982, Trace fossil nomenclature and the Planolites-Palaeo- phycus dilemma. Journal of Paleontology, 56, 843-881.
• Peruzzi, D.G., 1880, Osservazioni sui generi Paleodictyon e Paleomeandron dei terreni cretacei ed eocenici dell’ Appennino sett e centrale. Atti della societa Toscana di Scienze Naturali Residente in Pisa, Memorie, 5, 3-8.
• Pfeiffer, H., 1968, Die Spurenfossilien des Kulms (Dinants) und Devons der Frankenwälder Querzone (Thüringen). Jahrbuch der Geologie, 2, 651-717.
• Pickerill, R. K., 1980, Phanerozoic flysch trace fossil diversty - Observations based on an Ordovician flysch ichnofauna from the Aroostook-Metapedia Carbonate Belt of northern New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Earh Sciences, 17, 36-58.
• , 1981, Trace fossils in a Lower Palaeozoic submarine canyon sequence – the Siegas Formation of northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology, 17, 36-58.
• Pickerill, R. K., 1987, Late Ordovician sedimentary rocks and trace fossils of the Aroostook- Metapedia carbonate belt of Runnymede, Restigouche River, northern New Brunswick. Geological Society of America Continental Field Guide-Northeastern section, 385-388.
• , 1990, Nonmarine Paleodictyon from the Carboniferous Albert formation of southern New Brunswick. Maritime Sediments and Atlantic Geology, 27, 119- 126.
• , 1992, Carboniferous nonmarine invertebrate ichnocoenoses from southern New Brunswick, eastern Canada. Ichnos, 2, 21- 35.
• , M., 1973, Maldanidopsis maeandriformis (Müller) (Annelida, Sedentaria) from the Lower Carboniferous of Moravia (Czechoslovakia). Slezkeho Muzeum Opava (A), 28, 37-49.
• , 1987. Fossil traces in the Inner-Carpathian Paleogene of Slovakia, Czechoslavakia. Západne Karpaty, Séria Paleontológia, 12, 125-196.
• , Z., 1978, Srodowisko sedymentacyjne fliszu formacji sromowieckiej (górna kreda) w Pasie Skatkowym. Studia Geologica Polonica, 57, 1-86.
• Richter, R., 1849, Silurische Versteinerungen des Thüringes Waldes. Zeitschrift der Deutschen
• Rona, P.A. ve Merill, G.F., 1978, A benthic invertebrate
• from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Bulletin of
• Marine Sciences Miami, 28, 371-375.
• Röder, H., 1971, Gangsysteme von Paraonis fulgens Levinsen 1883 (Polychaeta) in ökologischer,
• ethologischer und aktuopalaontologischer
• Sicht. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 3, 3-51.
• Sacco, F., 1886, Impronte organiche dei terreni terziaridel piemonte. Atti della Reale Accademie delle scienze di Torino, 21, 297–348.
• , 1888, Note di Paleoichnologia Italiana. Atti
• della Societá Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 31, 151-192. Savi, P. ve Meneghini, G.G., 1850, Osservazioni strati- grafische e paleontologische concernati la geologia della Toscana e dei paesi limitrofi, Appendix: Murchison, R. I. ed., Memoria sulla struttura geologica delle Alpi degli Apennini e dei Carpazi Firenze (Stemparia granucale)’ da : 246-528.
• Schafhäutl, K. E., 1851, Geognostische Untersuchun- gen des südbayerischen Alpengebirges. Li- terarischartistische Anstalt München, 208 s.
• Schmidt, G. C., 1961, Stratigraphic nomenclature for the Adana region petroleum district VII. Petroleum Administration Bulletin,. 6, 47-63.
• Seilacher, A., 1955, Spuren und Fazies im Unterkambrium. Schindewolf, O. H ve Seilacher, A. (ed). Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Kambrium in der Salt Range (Pakistan) da. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz, Abhandlungen der mathe- matisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 10, 11-143.
• , 1959, Zur ökologischen Charekteristik von Flysch und Molasse. Ecologae Geologicae Helvetiae, 51, 1062-1078.
• , 1961, Lebensspuren als Leitfossilien. Geologische Rundschau, 49, 41-50.
• , 1967, Bathymetry of trace fossils. Marine Geology,5, 413-428.
• , 1977, Pattern analysis of Paleodictyon and related trace fossils. Crimes, T. P. ve Harper, J. C. (ed) Evolution of animal behav- ior da. New York, 62-87.
• , 1978, Evolution of trace fossil communities in the deep sea. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 157, 251-255.
• Soudant, M., 1980, Influence des courants de fond sur la morphologie et l’orientation de certaines traces d’organismes fossiles. 105 Congres des Societes savantes, Caen, 1980, Scien- ces, 2, 299- 312.
• Squinabol, S., 1887, Contribuzioni alla flora fossile dei terreni terziari della Liguria. I. Fucoidi ed Elmintoidee. Bolletino della Societa Geolo- gica Italiana, 6, 545-561.
• Stepanek, J. ve Geyer, G., 1989, Spurenfossilien aus dem Kulm (Unterkarbon) des Frankenwal- des. Beringeria, 1, 1-55.
• Swinbanks, D.D., 1982, Paleodictyon: the traces of infaunal Xenophyophores. Science, 218, 47- 49.
• ve Murray, J. W., 1981, Biosedimentological zonation of Boundary Bay tital flats, fraser River Delta, British Columbia. Sedimento- logy, 28, 201-237.
• Tchoumatchenco, P. W., 1983, Ichnofossils from the lower part of Salas Formation (Lower Creta- ceous) in Dragoman area and their paleoe- cologic significance. Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society, 14, 248-258.
• Tanaka. K., 1971, Trace fossils from the Cretaceous flysch of the Ikushumbetesu Area, Hokkaido, Japan. Geological Survey of Japan, Report 242, 1-31.
• Tunis, G. ve Uchman, A., 1994, Trace fossils reflects facies changes and world wide changes in the Maastrichtian. Paleogene flysch deposits of the Julian Prealps, Italy and Slovenia. International Association of Sedimentolo- gists, 15th Regional Meeting, 13/15 April1994, Ischia, Italy, 417-418.
• ve , 1996a, Trace fossils and facies changes in the Upper Cretaceous-Middle Eosen flysch deposits of the Julian Prealps, (Italy and Slovenia): consequences of re- gional and world wide changes. Ichnos, 4, 169-190.
• ve , 1996b, Ichnology of the Eocene flysch deposits in the Istria peninsula, Croatia and Slovenia. Ichnos, 5, 1-22.
• Uchman, A., 1992a, An opportunistic trace fossil assemblage from the flysch of the Inoceramian beds (Campanian-Paleocene), Bystrica zone of the Magura Nappe, Carpathians, Poland. Cretaceous Research, 13, 539-547.
• Uchman, A., 1992b, Trace fossils of the Eocene thin- and medium-bedded flysch of the Magura Nappe, in Poland. Przeglad Geologiczny, 7, 430-435.
• , 1995, Taxonomy and palaeoecology of flysch trace fossils: The Marnoso-arenacea formation and associated facies (Miocene, Northern Apennines, Italy). Beringeria, 15, 1-116.
• , 1998, Taxonomy and ethology of flysch trace fossils: A revision of the Marian Ksiazkiewicz collection and studies of complementary material. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 68, 105-218.
• Ulrich, E., 1904, Fossils and age of the Yakutat Formation. Description of collection made chiefly near Kodiak, Alaska. Merriam, C. H. (ed). Harriman Alaska Expedition Series, Alaska, Geology and Paleontology, 4, 125- 146.
• Vialov, O.S. ve Golev, B.T., 1964a, Printsipi podrazdie- leniya Paleodictyon. Izviestiya Vyzshih Utziebnikh Zaviedieniy, Gielogogiya I Razviedka, 1, 37-49
• ve ,1964b, Paleodictyon Krima. Iz- viestia Vyzshih Utziebnih zaviedienij, Gieo- logiya I Razviedka, 2, 24-36.
• ve ,1965, O drobnom podrazdieleni gruppy Paleodictyonidae. Byulletin Mos- kovskovo Obshczhestva Ispityvania Prirody, Odtiel Gieologii, 40, 93-114.
• Vinassa De Regny, P. E., 1904, Fossili ed impronte del Montenegro. Bolletino della Sociètá Geo- lógica Italiana, 23, 316-322.
• Wetzel, A., 1983a, Biogenic structures in modern slope to deep-sea sediments in the Sulu Sea Basin (Philippines). Palaeogeography, Palaeo- climatology, Palaeoecology, 42, 285-304.
• , 1983b, Biogenic sedimentary structures in a modern upwelling region: northwest African continental margin. Thiede, J. ve Suess, E. (ed). Coastal upwelling and its sediments. Record of ancient coastal upwelling de, 123- 44.
• Wetzel, A. ve Uchman, A., 1997, Ichnology of deep- sea fan overbank deposits of the Ganei Slates (Eocene, Switzerland) - a classical flysch trace fossil locality studied first by Oswald Heer. Ichnos, 5, 139-162.
• Yang, Shi-Pu., 1986, Turbidite flysch trace fossils from China and their palaeoecology and palaeo- environment. In: 13th ve 14th Annual Conference of the Paleontological Society of China. Science Press Beijing, 143- 161[Çince].
• Yang, Shi-Pu ve Hu, Yunxu, 1992, Silurian trace fossils from the western part of West Qinling. Geoscience, Journal of the Graduate School, China University of Geoscience, 6, 385-391 [Çince].