The Neogene lacustrine units in the Mülk-Demirci region (NE Sivrihisar) are composed of detritalevaporitic,
volcanic and pyroclastic rocks. The Miocene volcanic rocks consist of lava flows of basalt and andesite
composition and pyroclastic rocks are made up of agglomerate, tuff, altered tuff and tuffitic sandstone interbedded
with altered claystone. These volcanic units change to dolomite, dolomitic limestone, marl and gypsiferous
levels to the top. Some alteration zones in tuffs such as iron oxidation, limonitization, carbonatization and argillization
are very noticeable with their yellow and red colors. Smectite is the main clay mineral which was formed as
a result of alteration of volcanic and pyroclastic rocks in the study area. In some samples, smectite is accompanied
mostly by feldspar, dolomite, calcite, opal-CT, quartz and partly by illite, gypsum and analcime. In the electron
microscopy (SEM) studies, smectite morphology was distinguished with platy flakes that are developed as a
honeycomb texture. In addition, it was also determined in SEM images that smectite mineralization mostly develops
in dissolution voids and along fracture and fissures of volcanic glass or on the feldspar minerals. On the basis
of field and laboratory studies, formation of smectite was found to be controlled by feldspar and volcanic glass
which comprises the main component of tuffaceous units. Under hot and dry climate conditions, alteration of volcanic
material in the lake water had an important role in the formation of smectite. Smectite was formed by hydrolysis
of volcanic glass and alteration of feldspar.
Primary Language | English |
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Subjects | Engineering |
Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | March 1, 2007 |
Published in Issue | Year 2007 Volume: 134 Issue: 134 |
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