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## REFINEMENT OF THE REVERSE EXTRUSION TEST TO DETERMINE THE TWO CONSISTENCY LIMITS

#### Kamil KAYABALI [1] , Ayla BULUT ÜSTÜN [2] , Ali ÖZKESER [3]

Liquid limit (LL) and plastic limit (PL) are the two most commonly used index proper- ties of fine-grained soils. They have been used in not only classification of soils but also in correlation with certain engineering properties. Therefore, they have been subjected to numerous researches since they were first introduced by Atterberg in 1911. While their me- chanisms were well defined in many codes and they have been in use for decades, criticisms often arose pertinent to the uncertainties inherent to them. Incredible amount of effort has been exerted to invent more rational testing methods in place of both the Casagrande’s cup and bead rolling methods. Part of those efforts has been on devicing a single tool to measure the two relative index properties together. Recently, the reverse extrusion test was brought into the use of geotechnical engineers. It was shown that this tool has a potential of measu- ring LL, PL, and even the shrinkage limit (SL). The aim of this investigation is to reassess the ability of the reverse extrusion test to determine LL and PL with further refinement. In this regard 70 fine-grained soils covering a large range of plasticity were employed. Fall-cone method and rolling-device method were employed to determine LL and PL, res- pectively. The reverse extrusion tests were carried out at least five different water contents per soil sample. Extrusion pressures were plotted against water content and a curve fitting was applied to data pairs, from which the y-intercept (the coefficient a) and the slope (the coefficieent b) of the curve were determined. Those reverse extrusion coefficients were utilized to determine the representative extrusion pressures corresponding to LL and PL, as was done by the earlier researchers; however, the degree of success for the prediction of LL and PL using the representative extrusion pressures was not encouraging. Different from the previously proposed approaches, the reverse extrusion coefficients (i.e., a and b) were subjected to a multiple regression analysis along with the results of the conventional testing methods of fall-cone and rolling-device to determine the LL and PL as functions of the reverse extrusion parameters. It was shown that LL and PL can be predicted with a great degree of success using the reverse extrusion coefficients. While a great majority of the liquid limits found by using the fall-cone method were predicted with a ±10% error, almost all of the plastic limits found by the rolling device were predicted with a ±10% error. This refined investigation on the reverse extrusion test confirmed and proved that the reverse extrusion test is a simple, robust and inexpensive method capable of predicting both of two fundamental consistency limits using a single device.

Plastic Limit, Fall-Cone Mthod, Rolling-Device Method, Reverse Extrusion Test
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Primary Language en Engineering Articles Author: Kamil KAYABALI Author: Ayla BULUT ÜSTÜN Author: Ali ÖZKESER Publication Date : June 30, 2015
 Bibtex @research article { bulletinofmre52484, journal = {Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration}, issn = {0026-4563}, address = {}, publisher = {Maden Tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü}, year = {2015}, volume = {150}, pages = {131 - 144}, doi = {10.19111/bmre.85667}, title = {REFINEMENT OF THE REVERSE EXTRUSION TEST TO DETERMINE THE TWO CONSISTENCY LIMITS}, key = {cite}, author = {Kayabalı, Kamil and Bulut Üstün, Ayla and Özkeser, Ali} } APA Kayabalı, K , Bulut Üstün, A , Özkeser, A . (2015). REFINEMENT OF THE REVERSE EXTRUSION TEST TO DETERMINE THE TWO CONSISTENCY LIMITS . Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration , 150 (150) , 131-144 . DOI: 10.19111/bmre.85667 MLA Kayabalı, K , Bulut Üstün, A , Özkeser, A . "REFINEMENT OF THE REVERSE EXTRUSION TEST TO DETERMINE THE TWO CONSISTENCY LIMITS" . Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 150 (2015 ): 131-144 Chicago Kayabalı, K , Bulut Üstün, A , Özkeser, A . "REFINEMENT OF THE REVERSE EXTRUSION TEST TO DETERMINE THE TWO CONSISTENCY LIMITS". Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 150 (2015 ): 131-144 RIS TY - JOUR T1 - REFINEMENT OF THE REVERSE EXTRUSION TEST TO DETERMINE THE TWO CONSISTENCY LIMITS AU - Kamil Kayabalı , Ayla Bulut Üstün , Ali Özkeser Y1 - 2015 PY - 2015 N1 - doi: 10.19111/bmre.85667 DO - 10.19111/bmre.85667 T2 - Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 131 EP - 144 VL - 150 IS - 150 SN - 0026-4563- M3 - doi: 10.19111/bmre.85667 UR - https://doi.org/10.19111/bmre.85667 Y2 - 2015 ER - EndNote %0 Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi REFINEMENT OF THE REVERSE EXTRUSION TEST TO DETERMINE THE TWO CONSISTENCY LIMITS %A Kamil Kayabalı , Ayla Bulut Üstün , Ali Özkeser %T REFINEMENT OF THE REVERSE EXTRUSION TEST TO DETERMINE THE TWO CONSISTENCY LIMITS %D 2015 %J Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration %P 0026-4563- %V 150 %N 150 %R doi: 10.19111/bmre.85667 %U 10.19111/bmre.85667 ISNAD Kayabalı, Kamil , Bulut Üstün, Ayla , Özkeser, Ali . "REFINEMENT OF THE REVERSE EXTRUSION TEST TO DETERMINE THE TWO CONSISTENCY LIMITS". Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 150 / 150 (June 2015): 131-144 . https://doi.org/10.19111/bmre.85667 AMA Kayabalı K , Bulut Üstün A , Özkeser A . REFINEMENT OF THE REVERSE EXTRUSION TEST TO DETERMINE THE TWO CONSISTENCY LIMITS. Bull.Min.Res.Exp.. 2015; 150(150): 131-144. Vancouver Kayabalı K , Bulut Üstün A , Özkeser A . REFINEMENT OF THE REVERSE EXTRUSION TEST TO DETERMINE THE TWO CONSISTENCY LIMITS. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration. 2015; 150(150): 131-144.

Authors of the Article
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