First Turolian findings in the Neogene sequence of Denizli Basin (SW Anatolia) and its regional palaeobiogeographic significance

Year 2020, Volume: 163 Issue: 163, 1 - 12, 15.12.2020

Adil Doğan Serdar Mayda , M.cihat Alçiçek

https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.651620

Abstract

The large fossil vertebrates obtained from the alluvial flood-plain deposits of the Kolankaya formation are determined as Skoufotragus laticeps (Andree, 1926) and Hipparion brachypus (Hensel, 1862), as representative elements of palaeomammal faunas spanning from the eastern Mediterranean to Iranian domains during the late Miocene (early-middle Turolian, MN11-12). These first Turolian records from the basin fill succession bear importance on reconstruction for the palaeobiogeographic diversity of relevant taxons as well as admit of interbasinal stratigraphic correlation for the Western Anatolian terrestrial Neogene basins.

Keywords

Terrestrial Neogene, Vertebrate, Turolian, Denizli, Western Anatolia.

Thanks

This study was framed within the Paleoseismology Research Project of Turkey supported by General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Directorate of Geology Research Department with grant number of 2018-30.14.05 We would like to thank the project director Hasan Elmacı, S.M. was supported by Ege University, İzmir (research projects: TTM/001/2010, TM/001/2013, TTM/001/2014, TTM/001/2016, TTM/002/2016) during field and lab works. Constructive comments by T. Tanju Kaya (Ege Univ.) are appreciated. The manuscript was critically read and improved by Dimitris S. Kostopoulos (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki).

References

• Akgün, F., Kaya, T., Forsten, A., Atalay, Z. 2000. Biostratigraphic data (Mammalia and palynology) for the late Miocene Incesu Formation in Düzyayla (Hafik-Sivas). Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 9, 57-67.
• Alçiçek, H. 2010. Stratigraphic correlation of the Neogene basins in Southwestern Anatolia: regional palaeogeographical, palaeoclimatic and tectonic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 291, 297-318.
• Alçiçek, H., Alçiçek, M.C. 2014. Palustrine carbonates and pedogenic calcretes in the Çal basin of SW Anatolia: Implication on the Plio-Pleistocene regional climatic pattern in the Eastern Mediterranean. Catena 112, 48-55.
• Alçiçek, H., Varol, B., Özkul, M. 2007. Sedimentary facies, depositional environments and palaeogeographic evolution of the Neogene Denizli Basin of SW Anatolia, Turkey. Sedimentary Geology 202, 596-637.
• Alçiçek, H., Wesselingh, F.P., Alçiçek, M.C. 2015. Palaeoenvironmental evolution of the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene fluvio-deltaic sequence of the Denizli Basin (SW Turkey). Palaeogeograpy, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 437, 98-116.
• Alçiçek, M.C. 2007. Tectonic development of an orogen- top rift recorded by its terrestrial sedimentation pattern: the Neogene Eşen Basin of Southwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Sedimentary Geology 200, 117-140.
• Alçiçek, M.C., Kazancı, N., Özkul, M. 2005. Multiple rifting pulses and sedimentation pattern in the Çameli Basin, Southwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Sedimentary Geology 173, 409-431.
• Alçiçek, M.C., Ten Veen, J.H., Özkul, M. 2006. Neotectonic development of the Çameli Basin, Southwestern Anatolia, Turkey. In: A. H. F. Robertson, D. Mountrakis (Eds.), Tectonic Development of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Geological Society London Special Publication 260, 591-611.
• Alçiçek, M.C., Mayda, S., Alçiçek., H. 2012. Faunal and palaeoenvironmental changes in the Çal Basin, SW Anatolia: Implications for regional stratigraphic correlation of late Cenozoic basins. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 344, 89-98.
• Alçiçek, M. C., Brogi, A., Capezzuoli, E., Liotta, D., Meccheri, M. 2013. Superimposed basin formation during Neogene- Quaternary extension in SW- Anatolia (Turkey): insights from the kinematics of the Dinar fault zone. Tectonophysics 608, 713- 727.
• Alçiçek, M.C., Mayda, S., Ten Veen, J.H., Boulton, S.J., Alçiçek, H., Tesakov, A., Saraç, G., Hakyemez, Y., Göktaş, F., Murray, A., Wesselingh, F.P., Jimenez- Moreno, G., Büyükmeriç, Y., Bouchal, J.M., Demirel, F.A., Kaya, T.T., Halaçlar, K., Bilgin, M., Van den Hoek Ostende, L.W. 2019. Reconciling the stratigraphy and sedimentation history of the Lycian orogen-top basins, SW Anatolia. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 99, 551-570
• Alpagut, B., Mayda, S., Kaya, T., Göktaş, F., Halaçlar, K., Kesici, S.D. 2014. Overview of Recent Research on Muğla-Özlüce Mammalian Fossil Locality. 67th Geological Congress of Turkey.15-18 April 2014, Ankara, pp. 732-733.
• Bernor, R.L., Ataabadi, M.M., Meshida, K., Wolf, D. 2016. The Maragheh hipparions, late Miocene of Azarbaijan, Iran. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 96, 453-488.
• Boulbes, N., Mayda, S., Titov, V.V., Alçiçek, M.C. 2014. Les grands mammifères pléistocènes des travertins du Bassin de Denizli, Sud-ouest de l’Anatolie, Turquie (The large Upper Villafranchian mammals from the Denizli Basin travertines, Southwest Anatolia, Turkey). Anthropologie 118, 44-73.
• Bouvrain, G. 1994. Les gisements de mammifères du Miocène supérieur de Kemiklitepe, Turquie. 9. Bovidae. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle 16, 175-209.
• Bozkurt, E. 2003. Origin of NE-trending basins in Western Turkey. Geodinamica Acta 16, 6 -81
• Eisenmann, V. 1995. What metapodial morphometry has to say about some Miocene hipparions. In: E.S. Vrba, G.H. Denton, T.C. Partridge, and L.H. Burckle (eds.), Palaeoclimate and Evolution with Emphasis on Human Origins, Yale University Press. New Haven, 48-162.
• Eisenmann, V., Alberdi, M.T., Giuli, C. de., Staesche, U. 1988. Methodology.In: M. Woodburne and P.Y. Sondaar (eds.), Studying Fossil Horses, Brill press. Leiden, 1-71.
• Emre, Ö., Duman.T.Y., Özalp, S., Elmacı, H., Olgun, Ş., Şaroğlu, F. 2013. Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Özel Yayın Serisi-30. Ankara-Türkiye.
• Gentry, A.W. 2000. Caprinae and Hippotragini (Bovidae, Mammalia) in the Upper Miocene. In: Vrba, E. S.; Schaller, G. B. (ed.), Antelopes, Deer, and Relatives. Fossil Record, Behavioral Ecology, Systematics, and Conservation. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press, 65–83.
• Gentry, A. W., Rössner, G. E., Heizmann, E.P.J. 1999. Suborder Ruminantia in: Rössner, G. & Heissig, K. (eds.), The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe, Verlag Dr. F. Pfeil, s. 225-249.
• Geraads, D. 2017. late Miocene large mammals from Mahmutgazi, Denizli province, Western Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 284, 241-257.
• Hristova, L., Kovachev, D., Spassov, N. 2003. Hipparion brachypus Hensel, 1862 from Hadjidimovo, southwestern Bulgaria (late Miocene). Dokladi na Bulgarskata Akademiya na Naukite 56, 77-84.
• Kaya, T. 1993. Late Miocene Perissodactyla from Sazak (Kale-Denizli). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 115, 23-31.
• Kaya, T., Mayda, S., Kostopoulos, D., Alçiçek, M. C., Merceron, G., Tan, A., Karakütük, S., Giesler, A. K., Scott, S. S. 2012. Şerefköy-2, a new late Miocene mammalian locality from the Yatağan formation, Muğla, SW Turkey. Comptes Rendus Palevol 11, 5-12.
• Kaymakçı, N. 2006. Kinematic development and paleostress analysis of the Denizli Basin (Western Turkish): implications of spatial varition of relative paleostress magnitudes and orientations. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 27, 207-222.
• Kaymakçı, N., Langereis, C., Özkaptan, M., Özacar, A. A., Gülyüz, E., Uzel, B., Sözbilir, H., Koç, A. 2018. Paleomagnetic evidences for upper plate response to a STEP fault, SW Anatolia. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 498, 101-115.
• Koçyiğit, A. 2005. The Denizli graben-horst system and the eastern limit of the Western Anatolian continental extension: basin fill, structure, deformational mode, throw amount and episodic evolutionary history, SW Turkey. Geodinamica Acta 18, 167- 208.
• Konak, N., Şenel, M. 2002. Geological map of Turkey in 1/500.000 scale: Denizli sheet. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Ankara.
• Kostopoulos, D.S. 2009. The late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: new collection. 13. Bovidae. Beiträge zur Paläontologie 31, 345-389.
• Kostopoulos, D.S., Bernor, R.L. 2011. The Maragheh bovids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla): systematic revision and biostratigraphic-zoogeographic interpretation. Geodiversitas 33, 649-708.
• Kostopoulos, D.S., Karakütük, S. 2015. late Miocene bovids from Şerefköy-2 (SW Turkey) and their position withinthe sub-Paratethyan biogeographic province. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60, 49–66.
• Koufos, G.D. 1987. Study of the Pikermi hipparions. Part I: Generalities and taxonomy. Part II: Comparisons and odontograms. Bulletin Museum Nationale Histoire Naturelle Paris 4e ser. 9 sect. C 2: 197– 252, 3: 327–363.
• Koufos, G.D. 2016. Hipparion macedonicum revisited: New data on evolution of hipparionine horses from the late Miocene of Greece. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61, 519-536.
• Koufos, G.D., Kostopoulos, D.S. 1994. The late Miocene mammal localities of Kemiklitepe (Turkey). 3. Equidae. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris 4, 16C, 41-80.
• Koufos, G.D., Vlachou, T.D. 2005. Equidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the late Miocene of Akkaşdağı. Geodiversitas 27, 633-705.
• Köhler, M. 1987. Boviden des Türkischen Miozäns (Kanozoikum und Braunkohlen der Türkei). Paleontologia i evolució 28, 33–246.
• Krijgsman, W., Tesakov, A., Yanina, T., Lazarev, S., Danukalova, G., Van Baak, G.C.G., Agustí, J., Alçiçek, M.C., Aliyeva, E., Bista, D., Bruch, A., Büyükmeriç, Y., Bukhsianidze, M., Flecker, R., Frolov, P., Hoyle, T.M., Jorissen, E.L., Kirscher, U., Koriche, S.A., Oms, O., Rausch, L., Singarayer, J., Stoica, M., Van de Velde, S.V., Titov, V.V., Wesselingh, F.P. 2019. Quaternary time scales for the Pontocaspian domain: interbasinal connectivity and faunal evolution. Earth-Science Reviews 188, 1-40.
• Lazaridis, G., Tsoukala, E., Rae, T. C., Gómez-Olivencia, A., Nagel, D., Bartsiokas, A. 2018. Mesopithecus pentelicus from the Turolian locality of Kryopigi (Kassandra, Chalkidiki, Greece). Journal of Human Evolution 121, 128-146.
• Lebatard, A.E., Bourlès, D.L., Alçiçek, M.C. 2014a. Datation des travertins de Kocabaş par la méthode des nucléides cosmogéniques 26Al/10Be (Dating of the Kocabaş travertines with the 26Al/10Be cosmogenic nuclide method). Anthropologie 118, 34-43.
• Lebatard, A.E., Alçiçek, M.C., Rochette, P., Khatib, S., Vialet, A., Boulbes, N., Bourlès, D.L., Demory, F., Guipert, G., Mayda S., Titov, V.V., Vidal, L., de Lumley, H. 2014b. Dating the Homo erectus bearing travertine from Kocabaş (Denizli, Turkey) at at least 1.1 Ma. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 390, 8-18.
• Mayda, S. 2014. The updated late Miocene mammalian faunas of Özlüce, Şerefköy and Salihpaşalar from Yatağan Basin, Muğla, SW Turkey. 8th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology, 13-17 October 2014,Muğla, 176.
• Nebert, K. 1958. Die Pliozanen Ablagerungen Von Denizli Und Ihre Bedeutung Fur Die Stratigraphie Des Westanatolischen Sosswasserneogens. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 51, 7–20.
• Okay, A.İ. 1989. Geology of the Menderes Massif and The Lycian Nappes South of Denizli, Western Taurides, Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 109, 45-58.
• Oruç, S. 2009. The Fossils of Bovidae (Artiodactyla) From Denizli (Sazak) Neogene Mammalian Fauna and Their Biochronological, Paleobiogeographic and Paleoclimatologic Meanings. MSc Thesis. Ege University. İzmir. 154. (unpublished).
• Pickford, M. 2016. Hippopotamodon erymanthius (Suidae, Mammalia), from Mahmutgazi, Denizli-Çal Basin, Turkey. Fossil Imprint 72, 183-201.
• Pickford, M., Ertürk, Ç. 1979. Suidae and Tayassuidae from Turkey.Bulletin of the Geological Society of Turkey 22,141–154.
• Rausch, L., Alçiçek, H., Vialet, A., Boulbes, N., Mayda, S., Titov, V.V., Stoica, M., Charbonier, S., Abels, H.A., Tesakov, A.S., Moigne, A-M., Andrieu- Ponel V., de Franceschi D., Wesselingh F.P., Alçiçek, M.C. 2019. An integrated reconstruction of the early Pleistocene palaeoenvironment of Homo erectus in Denizli Basin (Turkey). Geobios 57, 77-95.
• Saraç, G. 2003. Türkiye omurgalı fosil yatakları. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No:10609, 1-208, Ankara (unpublished).
• Seyitoğlu, G., Alçiçek, M.C., Işık, V., Alçiçek, H., Mayda, S., Varol, B., Yılmaz, İ., Esat, K. 2009. The stratigraphical position of Kemiklitepe fossil locality (Eşme, Uşak) revised: Implications for the Late Cenozoic sedimentary basin development and extensional tectonics in Western Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie- Abhandlungen 251, 1-15.
• Sickenberg, O., Tobien, H. 1971. New Neogene and Lower Quaternary vertebrate faunas in Turkey. Newsletters on Stratigraphy 1, 51-61.
• Sickenberg, O., Becker-Platen, J. D., Benda, L., Berg, D., Engesser, B., Gazlry, W., Heissig, K., Hünermann, K. A., Sondaar, P. Y., Schmidt-Kittler, N., Staesche, K., Staesche, U., Steffens, P., Tobien, H. 1975. Die Gliederung des höheren Jungtertiärs und Altquartärs in der Türkei nach Vertebraten und ihre Bedeutung für die internationale Neogen- Stratigraphie. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe B, 15, 1-167.
• Staesche, U., Sondaar, P.Y. 1979. Hipparion aus dem Vallesium und Turolium (Jungtertiar) der Türkei. Geologisches Jahrbuch B, 33, 35-79.
• Sun, S. 1990. Denizli-Uşak arasının jeolojisi ve linyit olanakları. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No 9985, 1-92, Ankara (unpublished).
• Şen, S., Sondaar, P.Y., Staesche, U. 1978. The biostratigraphic application of the genus Hipparion with special references to the Turkish representatives. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademia van Wetenschappen Amsterdam B, 81, 370-385.
• Şen, Ş, De Bonis, L., Dalfes, N., Geraads, D., Koufos, G. 1994. Les gisements de mammifères du Miocène supérieur de Kemiklitepe, Turquie: 1. Stratigraphie et magnétostratigraphie. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 4e sér., section C, 16, 1, 5-17.
• Şimşek, Ş. 1984. Denizli-Kızıldere-Tekkehamam-Tosunlar- Buldan-Yenice alanının jeolojisi ve jeotermal enerji olanakları. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 7846, 85s, Ankara (unpublished).
• Tuna, V. 1999. Late Miocene Artiodactylles (Mammalia) From Yukarısazak Village (Kale-Denizli). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 121, 73-82.
• Xafis, A., Mayda, S., Alçiçek, M.C., Kaya, T., Halaçlar, K., Grimsson, F., Nagel, D. 2020. Large giraffid remains (Mammalia, Ruminantia) from the new late Miocene locality Kemiklitepe-E (Western Anatolia, Turkey) Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments (https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12549-020-00433-4).
• Westaway, R. 1993. Neogene evolution of the Denizli region of Western Turkey. Journal of Structural Geology 15, 37-53.
• Vlachou, T.D. Koufos, G.D. 2009. Equidae. In: G.D. Koufos and D. Nagel (Eds.), The late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection. Beitrage zur Paläontologie 31, 207-281.