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Investigation of the paleodepositional environment of the Middle Miocene aged organic matter rich rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by using biomarker parameters and stable isotope compositions (¹³C and ¹⁵N)

Year 2021, Volume: 164 Issue: 164, 39 - 52, 15.04.2021

Demet Banu Koralay

https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.742127

Abstract

The study area is located 45 km south of Denizli. The purpose of this study is to identify the organic geochemical properties and paleo depositional environment of organic matter rich rocks from Tavas (Denizli/SW Turkey). For this purpose, total organic carbon (TOC, wt.%) and pyrolysis, n-alkane, isoprenoid, sterane, terpane and aromatic hydrocarbon parameters have been investigated of the studied samples. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stable isotope (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) investigations were also carried out. Organic matter rich rocks which have type III kerogen have got 25.80 and 44.00 wt.% TOC content. Hydrogen index (HI, 73 and 120 mg HC/g TOC) and Oxygen index (OI, 34 and 59 mg CO /g TOC) values of samples are very low. The values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N show the terrestrial C3 ecosystem. The predominance of high molecular weight n-alkanes, degree of waxiness and less dibenzothiophene (DBT) concentrations indicate terrestrial organic matter. At the same time, biomarker and pyrolysis parameters indicate that the organic matter rich rocks (Tavas/Denizli) are in the immature stage. Pr/Ph, C /C homohopane biomarker ratios and C35

Keywords

Tavas (Denizli Basin) Organic Geochemistry Biomarkers Stable Isotopes (¹³C nd ¹⁵N) Depositional Environment

Thanks

The author would like to thank Prof. Dr. Tamer Koralay (Pamukkale University) for his contributions during the field works.

References

  • Adedosu, T. A., Sonibare, O. O., Tuo, J., Ekundayo, O. 2012. Biomarkers, carbon isotopic composition and source rock potentials of Awgu coals, middle Benue trough, Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences 66-67, 13-21.
  • Affouri, H., Montacer, M., Disnar, J-R. 2013. Organic geochemistry of the Cenamonian-Turonian Bahloul Formation petroleum source rock, Central and Northern Tunisia. Resource Geology 63(3), 262-287.
  • Akgün, F., Sözbilir, H. 2001. A palynostratigraphic approach to the SW Anatolian molasse basin: Kale-Tavas molasse and Denizli molasse. Geodynamica Acta 14(1-3), 71-93.
  • Aquino, Neto F. R., Trendel, J. M., Connan, J., Albrecht, P. A. 1983. Occurence and formation of tricycylic and tetracyclic terpanes in sediments and petroleums. Bjorøy, M., Albrecht, C., Cornford, C., et al., (Eds.). Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1981. John Wile and Sons, London 659-667.
  • Atalay, M., Karayiğit, A. İ. 2010. Kale-Kurbalık (Denizli- Türkiye) kömürlerinin jeolojik konumu, mineralojisi ve petrografisi. 63. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, Ankara 266-267.
  • Ayinla, H. A., Abdullah, W. H., Makeen, Y. M., Abubakar, M. B., Jauro, A., Yandoka, B. M. S., Mustapha, K. A., Abidin, N. S. Z. 2017. Source rock characteristics, depositional setting and hydrocarbon generation potential of Cretaceous coals and organic rich mudstones from Gombe Formation, Gongola Sub-basin, Northern Benue Trough, NE Nigeria. International Journal of Coal Geology 173, 212- 226.
  • Bechtel, A., Gratzer, R., Sachsenhofer, R. F., Gusterhuber, J., Lücke, A., Püttmann, W. 2008. Biomarker and carbon isotope variation in coal and fossil wood of Central Europe through the Cenozoic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 262, 166-175.
  • Büyükmeriç, Y. 2017. Molluscan Biostratigraphy of Early Miocene Deposits of The Kale-Tavas and Acıpayam Basins (Denizli, SW Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 155, 47- 71.
  • Coplen, T. B., Shrestha, Y. 2016. Isotope-abundance variations and atomic weights of selected elements: 2016 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (12), 1203-1224.
  • Czochanska, Z., Gilbert, T. D., Philip, R. P., Shepard, C. M., Weston, R. J., Wood, T. A., Woolhouse, A. D. 1988. Geochemical application of sterane and triterpane biomarkers to a description of oils from the Taranaki Basin in New Zeland. Organic Geochemistry 12, 123-135.
  • Dehmer, J., 1989. Petrographical and organic geochemical investigation of the Oberpfalz brown coal deposit, West Germany. International Journal of Coal Geology 11, 273-290.
  • Diessel, C. F. K. 1992. Coal-bearing Depositional Systems. Springer-Verlag, 721p.
  • Ercan, T., Güney, E., Baş, H. 1983. Denizli volkanitlerinin petrolojisi ve plaka tektoniği açısından bölgesel yorumu. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 26 (2), 153-159.
  • Erten, H., Koralay, D.B. 2020. A Zygolophodon turicensis (Proboscidea, Mammalia) mandible fragment from the Kale-Tavas basin (Denizli, Turkey). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-020-00422-7 2 March 2020.
  • Espitalié, J., Deroo, G., Marquis, F. 1985. Rock Eval pyrolysis and its applications. Institut Francais du Petrole 40, 563-784.
  • Fabiańska, M. J., Kruszewska, K. K. J. 2003. Relationship between petrographic and geochemical characterisation of selected South African coals. International Journal of Coal Geology 54, 95-114.
  • Florentine, C. 2007. Stable isotope analysis of sedimentary organic matter from bioluminescent Bays in Vieques, Puerto Rico, suggest a link between mangrove decay and bioluminescence. 20th Annual Keck Symposium, Wooster, Ohio, 143- 148.
  • Gedik, F., Tunç, M. 2004. Denizli yöresindeki denizel Oligosen çökellerinin bentik foraminiferleri ve onların biyostratigrafisi. 57. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 217-218.
  • Göktaş, F., Çakmakoğlu, A., Tarı, E., Sütçü, Y. F., Sarıkaya, H. 1989. Çivril-Çardak arasının jeolojisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No. 8701, Ankara (unpublished).
  • Hakyemez, Y. 1989. Geology and stratigraphy of the Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık area, Denizli, southwestern Turkey. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 109, 1-14.
  • Helvacı, C., Yağmurlu, F. 1995. Geological setting and economic potential of the lignite and evaporite- bearing Neogene basins of western Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Science 44, 91-105.
  • Hoffmann, C. F., Mackenzie, A. S., Lewis, C. A., Maxwell, J. R., Oudin, J. L., Durand, B., Vandenbroucke, M. 1984. A biological marker study of coals, shales and oils from the Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chemical Geology 42, 1-23.
  • Hunt, J. M. 1996. Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology, Second Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company, 743p.
  • Inoue, T., Suzuki, N., Hasegawa, H., Saito, H. 2012. Differential transportation and deposition of terrestrial biomarkers in middle Eocene fluvial to estuarine environments, Hokkaido, Japan. International Journal of Coal Geology (96-97), 39-48.
  • Izart, A., Suarez-Ruiz, I., Bailey, J. 2015. Paleoclimate reconstruction from petrography and biomarker geochemistry from Permian humic coals in Sydney Coal Basin (Australia). International Journal of Coal Geology 138, 145-157.
  • Kara-Gülbay, R. 2015. Organic geochemical and petrographical characteristics of coal bearing Oligo-Miocene sequence in the Oltu-Narman Basin (Erzurum), NE Turkey. International Journal of Coal Geology 149, 93-107.
  • Koralay, D.B. 2018a. Geç Miyosen yaşlı Honaz (Denizli) kömürlü birimlerinin organik jeokimyasal özellikleri ve çökelme ortamı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24(6). 1192-1199.
  • Koralay, D.B. 2018b. Organic maturation and maceral associations of Oligocene sedimentary rocks from Eastern Denizli, Turkey. 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2018 Conference, Bulgaria, 18(1.1), 3-10.
  • Koralay, D.B. 2018c. Denizli Güneydoğusundaki (GB Türkiye) kömürlerin hidrokarbon türetme potansiyeli ve biyomarker özellikleri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21(1), 20-42.
  • Koralay, D.B. 2018d. A review of the elemental composition and redox conditions of Oligocene organic matter- rich deposits, Western Anatolia Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 7(1), 711-721.
  • Koralay, D. B., Gedik Vural, Z. 2018.Apreliminary evaluation of Buldan coals (Denizli/Western Turkey) using pyrolysis and organic petrographic investigations. 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2018 Conference, Bulgaria, 18(1.1), 379-386.
  • Koralay, D.B., Koralay, T. 2018. Denizli güneydoğusundaki (Honaz/GB Türkiye) organik maddece zengin kayaçların jeokimyası ve organik petrografik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu Rapor No: 114Y668, 233 s. Ankara (unpublished).
  • Koralay, D. B., Koralay, T. 2019. Geochemistry for the Pliocene carbonaceous rocks from southeastern Denizli: Provenance signature and tectonic setting. 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2018 Conference, Bulgaria 19(1.1), 211-219.
  • Kvenvolden, K. A., Simoneit, B. R. T. 1990. Hydrothermally derived petroleum: Examples from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, and Escanaba Trough, Northeast Pasific Ocean (1). AAPG Bulletin 74(3), 223-237.
  • Meyers, P. A. 1997. Organic geochemical proxies of paleooceanographic, paleolimnologic, and paleoclimatic processes. Organic Geochemistry 27, 213-50.
  • Okay, A. İ. 1989. Geology of the Menderes Massif and the Lycian Nappes South of Denizli, Western Taurides. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 109, 45-58.
  • Okay, A. İ. 2001. Stratigraphic and metamorphic inversions in the central Menderes Massif: a new structural model. International Journal of Earth Sciences 89, 709-727
  • Özçelik, O., Altunsoy, M. 2005. Organic geochemical characteristics of the Miocene bituminous units in the Beypazarı Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Arabian Journal Science and Engineering 30, 181-194.
  • Peters, K. E., Moldowan, J. M. 1993. The Biomarker Guide: Interpreting, Molecular Fossils in Petroleum and Ancient Sediments. Prentice-Hall, 363.
  • Peters, K. E., Cassa, M. R. 1994. Applied Source Rock Geochemistry. AAPG Memoir 60, 93-120.
  • Peters, K. E., Walters, C. C., Moldowan, J. M. 2005. The Biomarker Guide, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press, 1132 p.
  • Radke, M. 1987. Organic geochemistry of aromatic hydrocarbons. Brooks, J., Welte, D. (Eds.). Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry volume 2. Academic Press, London 141-205.
  • Radke, M., Welte, D. H., Willsch, H. 1991. Distribution of alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons and dibenzothiophenes in rock of the Upper Rhine Graben. Chemical Geology 93, 325-341.
  • Requejo, A. G. 1994. Maturation of petroleum source rocks- II Quantitative changes in extractable hydrocarbon content and composition associated with hydrocarbon generation. Organic Geochemistry 21, 91-105.
  • Rigby, D., Batts, B. D. 1986. The isotopic composition of nitrogen in Australian coals and oil shales. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section) 58, 273-282.
  • Rimstidt, J. D., Vaughan, D. J. 2003. Pyrite oxidation: A state-of-the-art assessment of the reaction mechanism. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67(5), 873-880.
  • Seifert, W. K., Moldowan, J. M. 1986. Use of biological markers in petroleum exploration. Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics 24, 61-290.
  • Şafak, Ü. 2010. Güney-Buldan-Yenicekent-Babadağ- Kale (Denizli, GB Anadolu) çevresi Tersiyer çökellerinin ostrakod topluluğu ve ortamsal özellikleri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 13(2), 44-62.
  • Waples, D. W., Machihara, T. 1991. Biomarkers for geologists-a practical guide to the application of steranes and triterpanes in Petroleum Geology. AAPG Methods in Exploration Series No:9, Oklahoma, Tulsa, 85 p.
  • Warwick, P. D., Ruppert, L. F. 2016. Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of coal and carbon dioxide derived from laboratory coal combustion: A preliminary study. International Journal of Coal Geology 166, 128-135.
  • Whiticar, M. J. 1996. Stable isotope geochemistry of coals, humic kerogens and related natural gases. International Journal of Coal Geology 32, 191- 215.
  • Xiao, H. Y., Liu, C. Q. 2011. The elemental and isotopic composition of sulfur and nitrogen in Chinese coals. Organic Geochemistry 42, 84-93.
  • Yakupoğlu, T., Bayhan, E. 2017. Yatağan Havzasındaki (Muğla/GB Türkiye) Neojen yaşlı sedimanter kayaçların sedimantolojik ve petrografik özellikleri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 22(2), 120-131.

Year 2021, Volume: 164 Issue: 164, 39 - 52, 15.04.2021

Demet Banu Koralay

https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.742127

Abstract

References

  • Adedosu, T. A., Sonibare, O. O., Tuo, J., Ekundayo, O. 2012. Biomarkers, carbon isotopic composition and source rock potentials of Awgu coals, middle Benue trough, Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences 66-67, 13-21.
  • Affouri, H., Montacer, M., Disnar, J-R. 2013. Organic geochemistry of the Cenamonian-Turonian Bahloul Formation petroleum source rock, Central and Northern Tunisia. Resource Geology 63(3), 262-287.
  • Akgün, F., Sözbilir, H. 2001. A palynostratigraphic approach to the SW Anatolian molasse basin: Kale-Tavas molasse and Denizli molasse. Geodynamica Acta 14(1-3), 71-93.
  • Aquino, Neto F. R., Trendel, J. M., Connan, J., Albrecht, P. A. 1983. Occurence and formation of tricycylic and tetracyclic terpanes in sediments and petroleums. Bjorøy, M., Albrecht, C., Cornford, C., et al., (Eds.). Advances in Organic Geochemistry 1981. John Wile and Sons, London 659-667.
  • Atalay, M., Karayiğit, A. İ. 2010. Kale-Kurbalık (Denizli- Türkiye) kömürlerinin jeolojik konumu, mineralojisi ve petrografisi. 63. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, Ankara 266-267.
  • Ayinla, H. A., Abdullah, W. H., Makeen, Y. M., Abubakar, M. B., Jauro, A., Yandoka, B. M. S., Mustapha, K. A., Abidin, N. S. Z. 2017. Source rock characteristics, depositional setting and hydrocarbon generation potential of Cretaceous coals and organic rich mudstones from Gombe Formation, Gongola Sub-basin, Northern Benue Trough, NE Nigeria. International Journal of Coal Geology 173, 212- 226.
  • Bechtel, A., Gratzer, R., Sachsenhofer, R. F., Gusterhuber, J., Lücke, A., Püttmann, W. 2008. Biomarker and carbon isotope variation in coal and fossil wood of Central Europe through the Cenozoic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 262, 166-175.
  • Büyükmeriç, Y. 2017. Molluscan Biostratigraphy of Early Miocene Deposits of The Kale-Tavas and Acıpayam Basins (Denizli, SW Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 155, 47- 71.
  • Coplen, T. B., Shrestha, Y. 2016. Isotope-abundance variations and atomic weights of selected elements: 2016 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (12), 1203-1224.
  • Czochanska, Z., Gilbert, T. D., Philip, R. P., Shepard, C. M., Weston, R. J., Wood, T. A., Woolhouse, A. D. 1988. Geochemical application of sterane and triterpane biomarkers to a description of oils from the Taranaki Basin in New Zeland. Organic Geochemistry 12, 123-135.
  • Dehmer, J., 1989. Petrographical and organic geochemical investigation of the Oberpfalz brown coal deposit, West Germany. International Journal of Coal Geology 11, 273-290.
  • Diessel, C. F. K. 1992. Coal-bearing Depositional Systems. Springer-Verlag, 721p.
  • Ercan, T., Güney, E., Baş, H. 1983. Denizli volkanitlerinin petrolojisi ve plaka tektoniği açısından bölgesel yorumu. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 26 (2), 153-159.
  • Erten, H., Koralay, D.B. 2020. A Zygolophodon turicensis (Proboscidea, Mammalia) mandible fragment from the Kale-Tavas basin (Denizli, Turkey). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-020-00422-7 2 March 2020.
  • Espitalié, J., Deroo, G., Marquis, F. 1985. Rock Eval pyrolysis and its applications. Institut Francais du Petrole 40, 563-784.
  • Fabiańska, M. J., Kruszewska, K. K. J. 2003. Relationship between petrographic and geochemical characterisation of selected South African coals. International Journal of Coal Geology 54, 95-114.
  • Florentine, C. 2007. Stable isotope analysis of sedimentary organic matter from bioluminescent Bays in Vieques, Puerto Rico, suggest a link between mangrove decay and bioluminescence. 20th Annual Keck Symposium, Wooster, Ohio, 143- 148.
  • Gedik, F., Tunç, M. 2004. Denizli yöresindeki denizel Oligosen çökellerinin bentik foraminiferleri ve onların biyostratigrafisi. 57. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 217-218.
  • Göktaş, F., Çakmakoğlu, A., Tarı, E., Sütçü, Y. F., Sarıkaya, H. 1989. Çivril-Çardak arasının jeolojisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No. 8701, Ankara (unpublished).
  • Hakyemez, Y. 1989. Geology and stratigraphy of the Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in the Kale-Kurbalık area, Denizli, southwestern Turkey. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 109, 1-14.
  • Helvacı, C., Yağmurlu, F. 1995. Geological setting and economic potential of the lignite and evaporite- bearing Neogene basins of western Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Science 44, 91-105.
  • Hoffmann, C. F., Mackenzie, A. S., Lewis, C. A., Maxwell, J. R., Oudin, J. L., Durand, B., Vandenbroucke, M. 1984. A biological marker study of coals, shales and oils from the Mahakam Delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Chemical Geology 42, 1-23.
  • Hunt, J. M. 1996. Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology, Second Edition. W. H. Freeman and Company, 743p.
  • Inoue, T., Suzuki, N., Hasegawa, H., Saito, H. 2012. Differential transportation and deposition of terrestrial biomarkers in middle Eocene fluvial to estuarine environments, Hokkaido, Japan. International Journal of Coal Geology (96-97), 39-48.
  • Izart, A., Suarez-Ruiz, I., Bailey, J. 2015. Paleoclimate reconstruction from petrography and biomarker geochemistry from Permian humic coals in Sydney Coal Basin (Australia). International Journal of Coal Geology 138, 145-157.
  • Kara-Gülbay, R. 2015. Organic geochemical and petrographical characteristics of coal bearing Oligo-Miocene sequence in the Oltu-Narman Basin (Erzurum), NE Turkey. International Journal of Coal Geology 149, 93-107.
  • Koralay, D.B. 2018a. Geç Miyosen yaşlı Honaz (Denizli) kömürlü birimlerinin organik jeokimyasal özellikleri ve çökelme ortamı. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24(6). 1192-1199.
  • Koralay, D.B. 2018b. Organic maturation and maceral associations of Oligocene sedimentary rocks from Eastern Denizli, Turkey. 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2018 Conference, Bulgaria, 18(1.1), 3-10.
  • Koralay, D.B. 2018c. Denizli Güneydoğusundaki (GB Türkiye) kömürlerin hidrokarbon türetme potansiyeli ve biyomarker özellikleri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21(1), 20-42.
  • Koralay, D.B. 2018d. A review of the elemental composition and redox conditions of Oligocene organic matter- rich deposits, Western Anatolia Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 7(1), 711-721.
  • Koralay, D. B., Gedik Vural, Z. 2018.Apreliminary evaluation of Buldan coals (Denizli/Western Turkey) using pyrolysis and organic petrographic investigations. 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2018 Conference, Bulgaria, 18(1.1), 379-386.
  • Koralay, D.B., Koralay, T. 2018. Denizli güneydoğusundaki (Honaz/GB Türkiye) organik maddece zengin kayaçların jeokimyası ve organik petrografik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu Rapor No: 114Y668, 233 s. Ankara (unpublished).
  • Koralay, D. B., Koralay, T. 2019. Geochemistry for the Pliocene carbonaceous rocks from southeastern Denizli: Provenance signature and tectonic setting. 19th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2018 Conference, Bulgaria 19(1.1), 211-219.
  • Kvenvolden, K. A., Simoneit, B. R. T. 1990. Hydrothermally derived petroleum: Examples from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, and Escanaba Trough, Northeast Pasific Ocean (1). AAPG Bulletin 74(3), 223-237.
  • Meyers, P. A. 1997. Organic geochemical proxies of paleooceanographic, paleolimnologic, and paleoclimatic processes. Organic Geochemistry 27, 213-50.
  • Okay, A. İ. 1989. Geology of the Menderes Massif and the Lycian Nappes South of Denizli, Western Taurides. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 109, 45-58.
  • Okay, A. İ. 2001. Stratigraphic and metamorphic inversions in the central Menderes Massif: a new structural model. International Journal of Earth Sciences 89, 709-727
  • Özçelik, O., Altunsoy, M. 2005. Organic geochemical characteristics of the Miocene bituminous units in the Beypazarı Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Arabian Journal Science and Engineering 30, 181-194.
  • Peters, K. E., Moldowan, J. M. 1993. The Biomarker Guide: Interpreting, Molecular Fossils in Petroleum and Ancient Sediments. Prentice-Hall, 363.
  • Peters, K. E., Cassa, M. R. 1994. Applied Source Rock Geochemistry. AAPG Memoir 60, 93-120.
  • Peters, K. E., Walters, C. C., Moldowan, J. M. 2005. The Biomarker Guide, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press, 1132 p.
  • Radke, M. 1987. Organic geochemistry of aromatic hydrocarbons. Brooks, J., Welte, D. (Eds.). Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry volume 2. Academic Press, London 141-205.
  • Radke, M., Welte, D. H., Willsch, H. 1991. Distribution of alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons and dibenzothiophenes in rock of the Upper Rhine Graben. Chemical Geology 93, 325-341.
  • Requejo, A. G. 1994. Maturation of petroleum source rocks- II Quantitative changes in extractable hydrocarbon content and composition associated with hydrocarbon generation. Organic Geochemistry 21, 91-105.
  • Rigby, D., Batts, B. D. 1986. The isotopic composition of nitrogen in Australian coals and oil shales. Chemical Geology (Isotope Geoscience Section) 58, 273-282.
  • Rimstidt, J. D., Vaughan, D. J. 2003. Pyrite oxidation: A state-of-the-art assessment of the reaction mechanism. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 67(5), 873-880.
  • Seifert, W. K., Moldowan, J. M. 1986. Use of biological markers in petroleum exploration. Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics 24, 61-290.
  • Şafak, Ü. 2010. Güney-Buldan-Yenicekent-Babadağ- Kale (Denizli, GB Anadolu) çevresi Tersiyer çökellerinin ostrakod topluluğu ve ortamsal özellikleri. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 13(2), 44-62.
  • Waples, D. W., Machihara, T. 1991. Biomarkers for geologists-a practical guide to the application of steranes and triterpanes in Petroleum Geology. AAPG Methods in Exploration Series No:9, Oklahoma, Tulsa, 85 p.
  • Warwick, P. D., Ruppert, L. F. 2016. Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of coal and carbon dioxide derived from laboratory coal combustion: A preliminary study. International Journal of Coal Geology 166, 128-135.
  • Whiticar, M. J. 1996. Stable isotope geochemistry of coals, humic kerogens and related natural gases. International Journal of Coal Geology 32, 191- 215.
  • Xiao, H. Y., Liu, C. Q. 2011. The elemental and isotopic composition of sulfur and nitrogen in Chinese coals. Organic Geochemistry 42, 84-93.
  • Yakupoğlu, T., Bayhan, E. 2017. Yatağan Havzasındaki (Muğla/GB Türkiye) Neojen yaşlı sedimanter kayaçların sedimantolojik ve petrografik özellikleri. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 22(2), 120-131.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Demet Banu Koralay 0000-0002-3623-3872

Publication Date April 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 164 Issue: 164

Cite

APA Koralay, D. B. (2021). Investigation of the paleodepositional environment of the Middle Miocene aged organic matter rich rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by using biomarker parameters and stable isotope compositions (¹³C and ¹⁵N). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 164(164), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.742127
AMA Koralay DB. Investigation of the paleodepositional environment of the Middle Miocene aged organic matter rich rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by using biomarker parameters and stable isotope compositions (¹³C and ¹⁵N). Bull.Min.Res.Exp. April 2021;164(164):39-52. doi:10.19111/bulletinofmre.742127
Chicago Koralay, Demet Banu. “Investigation of the Paleodepositional Environment of the Middle Miocene Aged Organic Matter Rich Rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by Using Biomarker Parameters and Stable Isotope Compositions (¹³C and ¹⁵N)”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 164, no. 164 (April 2021): 39-52. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.742127.
EndNote Koralay DB (April 1, 2021) Investigation of the paleodepositional environment of the Middle Miocene aged organic matter rich rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by using biomarker parameters and stable isotope compositions (¹³C and ¹⁵N). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 164 164 39–52.
IEEE D. B. Koralay, “Investigation of the paleodepositional environment of the Middle Miocene aged organic matter rich rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by using biomarker parameters and stable isotope compositions (¹³C and ¹⁵N)”, Bull.Min.Res.Exp., vol. 164, no. 164, pp. 39–52, 2021, doi: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.742127.
ISNAD Koralay, Demet Banu. “Investigation of the Paleodepositional Environment of the Middle Miocene Aged Organic Matter Rich Rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by Using Biomarker Parameters and Stable Isotope Compositions (¹³C and ¹⁵N)”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 164/164 (April 2021), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.742127.
JAMA Koralay DB. Investigation of the paleodepositional environment of the Middle Miocene aged organic matter rich rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by using biomarker parameters and stable isotope compositions (¹³C and ¹⁵N). Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2021;164:39–52.
MLA Koralay, Demet Banu. “Investigation of the Paleodepositional Environment of the Middle Miocene Aged Organic Matter Rich Rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by Using Biomarker Parameters and Stable Isotope Compositions (¹³C and ¹⁵N)”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, vol. 164, no. 164, 2021, pp. 39-52, doi:10.19111/bulletinofmre.742127.
Vancouver Koralay DB. Investigation of the paleodepositional environment of the Middle Miocene aged organic matter rich rocks (Tavas/Denizli/SW Turkey) by using biomarker parameters and stable isotope compositions (¹³C and ¹⁵N). Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2021;164(164):39-52.
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