Extraction of rubidium from Malatya - Kuluncak area complex ore

Year 2022, Volume: 168 Issue: 168, 131 - 140, 18.08.2022

Ayşe Erdem Hüseyin Eren Obuz Haydar Güneş Şölen Diktepe Buse Özen İlik Çiğdem Kara Hasan Akçay Akan Gülmez Zümrüt Alkan

https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.997306

Abstract

In this study, studies were carried out to take rubidium (Rb), which is in a complex form of Na +K feldspar, pyroxene, and alumina silicate into solution in an environmentally sensitive manner with high recovery. Malatya - Kuluncak complex ore was used in this study. In the first stage of the study, the roasting method was tried to obtain rubidium chloride (RbCl) or rubidium sulphate (Rb2SO4) structures, which are the water-soluble forms of rubidium in the sodium-potassium feldspar minerals. Roasting was carried out using different additives and calcium chloride was identified as the most suitable additive material for this ore structure. In studies investigating the effect of roasting temperature and time, the evaporation amount of RbCl was calculated. After deciding on the additives, the additive amount, solid/liquid ratio in the leaching stage, and leach time were optimized. The optimum conditions were determined as a leaching time of 120 minutes at 1/3 solid/ liquid ratio after roasting for 60 minutes at the roasting temperature of 900 °C at 70% calcium chloride (CaCl2) addition. the solution efficiency of rubidium was calculated as 96%. Taking Rb into solution from primary sources was first achieved with this study in Türkiye.

Keywords

Leaching, Roasting, Rubidium

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research project coded 35-16-01- 03 of the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Explorations

Project Number

35-16-01- 03

Thanks

This study was carried out within the scope of the Scientific Research project coded 35-16-01- 03 of the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Explorations. We take this opportunity to thank Research Assistant Dr. Erkan İLİK of Eskişehir Osmangazi University for his generous support, Ebru KAVUÇU of the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ufuk KİBAR for SEM imaging and Ayşe KOYUNCU for the XRF analyses.

References

• Alonso, E., Sherman, A. M., Wallington, T. J., Everson, M. P., Field, F. R., Roth, R., Kirchain, R. E. 2012. Evaluating rare earth element availability: a case with revolutionary demand from clean technologies. Environmental Science and Technology 46(6), 3406–3414.
• Butterman, W., Reese Jr., R. 2003. Mineral commodity profiles-rubidium. United States Geological Survey, Report No: 45.
• Ertan, B., Erdoğan, Y. 2017. Two methods on rubidium extraction from boron clays. Advances in Ecological and Environmental Research, 281–291.
• Gupta, C. K. 2003. Chemical Metallurgy: Principles and Practice. Chemical Metallurgy, Wiley.
• Heynes, W. M., Lide, D. R., Bruno, T. J. 2016. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC Press, Florida.
• Liu, J., Yin, Z., Li, X., Hu, Q., Liu, W. 2019. A novel process for the selective precipitation of valuable metals from lepidolite. Minerals Engineering 135, 29-36.
• Öztürk, H., Hanilçi, N., Altuncu, S., Kasapçı, C. 2019. Rare earth element (REE) resources of Turkey: An overview of their characteristics and origin. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 159, 129–143.
• Patnaik, P. 2003. Handbook of inorganic chemicals. Choice Reviews Online 40(11), 40–6428.
• Pulat, O., Karakaş, M., Yastı, M. A. 2022. Relationship of ore properties and alteration of the Büyük Kuluncak (Malatya) Nb - U - NTE - Zr - Li deposit. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 167, 127-148.
• Shan, Z. Q., Shu, X. Q., Feng, J. F., Zhou, W. N. 2013. Modified calcination conditions of rare alkali metal Rb-containing muscovite (KAl2[AlSi3O10] (OH)2). Rare Metals 32(6), 632–635.
• Tavakoli, M. M. R., Javad Koleini, S. M., Javanshir, S., Abolghasemi, H., Abdollahy, M. 2015. Extraction of rubidium from gold waste: process optimization. Hydrometallurgy 151, 25–32.
• Vu, H., Bernardi, J., Jandova, J., Vaculikova, L., Golias, V. 2013. Lithium and rubidium extraction from zinnwaldite by alkali digestion process: sintering mechanism and leaching kinetics. International Journal of Mineral Processing 123,9-17.
• Wagner, F. S. 2011. Rubidium and Rubidium Compounds. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
• Wang, J., Hu, H., Wu, K. 2020. Extraction of lithium, rubidium and cesium from lithium porcelain stone. Hydrometallurgy, 191.
• Xing, P., Wang, C., Ma, B., Wang, L., Zhang, W., Chen, Y. 2018. Rubidium and potassium extraction from granitic rubidium ore: process optimization and mechanism study. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering 6(4), 4922–4930.
• Yan, Q. X., Li, X. H., Wang, Z. X., Wang, J. X., Guo, H. J., Hu, Q. Y., Peng, W. J., Wu, X. F. 2012. Extraction of lithium from lepidolite using chlorination roasting-water leaching process. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 22(7), 1753– 1759.
• Zeng, Q., Huang, L., Ouyang, D., Hu, Y., Zhong, H., He, Z. 2019. Process optimization on the extraction of rubidium from rubidium-bearing biotite. Minerals Engineering 137, 87–93.
• Zheng, S., Li, P., Tian, L., Cao, Z., Zhang, T., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y. 2016. A chlorination roasting process to extract rubidium from distinctive kaolin ore with alternative chlorinating reagent. International Journal of Mineral Processing 157, 21–27.
• Zhou, L., Yuan, T., Li, R., Zhong, Y., Lei, X. 2015. Extraction of rubidium from kaolin clay waste: process study. Hydrometallurgy 158, 61–67.