FARKINDALIK TEMELLİ BİLİŞSEL TERAPİ: Temel Felsefesi, Kavramlar, Terapötik Süreç, Eleştiriler ve Katkılar

Öz

Farkındalık temelli bilişsel terapi (MBCT), tekrarlayan depresyon ataklarını önlemek amacıyla farkındalık temelli stres azaltma programının (MBSR) genişletilmesi ve bilişsel davranışçı terapi tekniklerinin birleştirilmesiyle meydana gelen etkili bir programdır. MBCT, format olarak MBSR’ye benzese de stresten çok depresyonu anlamaya odaklanmış bir programdır. MBCT programı, haftada bir oturum olacak şekilde 8 hafta ve ortalama 2 saat süren bir uygulamadır. Uygulama, hem resmi meditasyon olarak nitelendirilen vücut taraması, yoga oturma ve yürüme meditasyonu gibi aktiviteleri hem de bir yaşam biçimi olarak yapılan günlük rutinleri içermektedir. Bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşımın temel ilkeleri olan “şimdi ve burada” çerçevesinde ana odaklanarak düşünce, duygu ve diğer bedensel duyumları yargılamadan ele alan bir çeşit grupla yapılan farkındalık meditasyonu uygulamaları bulunmaktadır. Oturumlarda farkındalık ve otomatik pilot, zihinlerimizde yaşamak, dağınık zihnin toplanması, beden farkındalığı, bilişsel çarpıtmalar gibi konularla birlikte kuru üzüm egzersizi, oturma ve yürüme meditasyonu ve duyumlara yönelme gibi alıştırmalar uygulanmaktadır. Programın ilk uygulama amacı kronik ağrı, depresyon, anksiyete ve stresi azaltmak olsa da zamanla koroner kalp, şeker ve kanser hastalıkları, bipolar bozukluk, kaygı bozuklukları, DEHB’li yetişkinler gibi klinik ve klinik olmayan birçok problemde etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Bu anlamda bireylerin yaşam kalitesi, iyi oluş, farkındalık, öz-şefkat, duygu düzenleme, yaşam doyumu, merhamet ve memnuniyet düzeylerinin arttırılmasında oldukça fayda sağladığı bilinmektedir. Ayrıca MBCT, yapılandırılmış bir program olmasına rağmen içerik ve müdahaleleri bakımından kültürel özelliklere duyarlı esnek bir uygulama niteliği taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilişsel-davranışçı
• bilinçli farkındalık
• MBCT
• meditasyon

MİNDFULNESS-BASED COGNITIVE THERAPY: Basic Philosophy, Concepts, Therapeutic Process, Criticisms and Contributions

Öz

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an effective program that combines awareness-based stress reduction (MBSR) expansion and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques in the risk of recurrent episodes of depression. Although MBCT is similar to MBSR in format, it is a program focused on understanding depression rather than stress. The MBCT program is a practice session for 8 weeks and an average of 2 hours per week. The application includes activities such as body scan, yoga sitting and walking meditation, which are described as formal meditation, and daily routines as a lifestyle. There are mindfulness meditation practices performed with a group that deals with thoughts, emotions and other bodily sensations without judgment by focusing on the main principles of the cognitive behavioral approach, "here and now". In the sessions, exercises such as mindfulness and autopilot, living in our minds, collecting the scattered mind, body awareness, cognitive distortions, as well as dry exercise grapes, sitting and walking meditation, and orientation to sensations are applied. Although the first application purpose of the program is to reduce chronic pain, depression, anxiety and stress, over time it is seen that it is effective in many clinical and non-clinical problems such as coronary heart, diabetes and diseases, bipolar disorder, anxiety patients, ADHD. In this sense, beneficial benefits are reported in increasing the quality of life, well-being, awareness, self-compassion, emotion regulation, life satisfaction, compassion and satisfaction levels of individuals. In addition, MBCT, according to a structured program content and content, is important in terms of content and content with other content and application content.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cognitive-behavioral
• mindfulness
• MBCT
• meditation

Kaynakça

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