TARİH VE TARİHYAZIMI HETEROPATRİARKAL ALANLARININ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: ALAN HOLLINGHURST'UN SAKINCALI YAKINLIK ADLI ROMANININ KUİR TARİH BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Son yıllarda, dışlanmış bireylerin tarihlerine ve kimliklerine yönelik hem akademik camiada hem de edebiyat dünyasında ilgi artmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çağdaş İngiliz romanlarındaki artış -özellikle de çağdaş tarihsel kurgudaki artış- dikkat çekicidir. Bu çerçevede Alan Hollinghurst, kuir kimliği hem kurgusal hem de tarihsel açıdan tasvir etmesi sebebiyle çağdaş İngiliz tarihsel yazınında dikkat çeken yazarlardan biridir. Buna ek olarak 1988’den günümüze, tarih ve tarihyazımı heteropatriarkal alanlarına karşıt olarak, eşcinsel kimliğe çeşitli tarihsel dönemlerdeki marjinal durumlarını betimleyerek tarihsel bir boyut kazandıran üretken bir romancıdır. Hollinghurst, Sakıncalı Yakınlık (2018) romanında cinsel azınlıkların perspektifinden İkinci Dünya Savaşı döneminden günümüze alternatif bir tarih akışı sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, eşcinselliğe yönelik tutumların çeşitli tarihsel olaylar ve farklı tarihsel dönemler çerçevesinde geçirdiği dönüşümüne, farklı kuir kimliklerin tanımları üzerinden ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma, hayali bir geçmişi ve görünür kimlikleri geri kazanma yönündeki vazgeçilmez arzuyla uyum içinde, yeterince temsil edilmeyen seslerin yeniden keşfedilmelerini araştırarak, marjinal tarih ve kimliklerin temsillerinin sorgulanmasına odaklanmaktadır.

Keywords

• Alan Hollinhurst
• kuir tarih
• kuir kimlik
• post-bellek

THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE HETEROPATRIARCHAL REALMS OF HISTORY AND HISTORIOGRAPHY: A QUEER HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF ALAN HOLLINGHURST’S THE SPARSHOLT AFFAIR

Abstract

In the last decades, a renewed scrutiny and interest in the outsiders’ histories and identities attract attention in the literary and academic milieu, especially contemporary historical fiction. Within this frame, Alan Hollinghurst has been a notable figure for the configuration and depiction of homosexuality for not only historicization but also fictionalization. He has also been a prolific historical novelist from 1988 to explore multiple sexualities by uncovering their marginal status through various historical periods as opposed to the heteropatriarchal realms of history and historiography. In The Sparsholt Affair (2018), Hollinghurst presents an alternative flow of history from the period of the Second World War to the present day from the perspective of sexual minorities. This study aims to shed light on the transformation of the attitudes to homosexuality and its evolution through the various historical events and decades via the descriptions of diverse queer identities. Furthermore, it focuses on the interrogation of the representations of marginal histories and identities by exploring the rediscoveries of underrepresented voices in a harmony with the indispensable desire to retrieve an imaginary past and visible identities.

Keywords

• Alan Hollinhurst
• queer history
• queer identity
• postmemory

References

1. Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity (L. J. Nicholson, Ed.). Routledge.
2. Butler, J. (1995). “Contingent foundations.” In S. Benhabib, J. Butler, D. Cornell, & N. Fraser (Eds.), Feminist contentions: A philosophical exchange (pp. 35–58). Routledge.
3. Cvetkovich, A. (2003). An archive of feelings: Trauma, sexuality, and lesbian public cultures. Duke University Press.
4. Çıraklı, M. Z., & Aldemir, N. (2017). The resurrection of the Medusa in the feminine text: Didem Madak’s poetic discourse. Electronic Turkish Studies, 12(30), (pp. 113–124).
5. Dragojlovic, A., & Quinan, C. L. (2023). Queering memory: Toward re-membering otherwise. Memory Studies, 16(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980221141992
6. Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality, volume 1: An introduction (R. Hurley, Trans.). Random House.
7. Freeman, E. (2010). Time binds: Queer temporalities, queer histories. Duke University Press.
8. Halberstam, J. (2005). In a queer time and place: Transgender bodies, subcultural lives. New York University Press.

9. Halperin, D. M. (2002). How to do the history of homosexuality. University of Chicago Press.
10. Hirsch, M. (2012). The generation of postmemory: Writing and visual culture after the Holocaust. Columbia University Press.
11. Hollinghurst, A. (2018). The Sparsholt affair. Alfred A. Knopf.
12. Koskovich, G. (2016). The history of queer history: One hundred years of the search for a shared heritage. In LGBTQ America: A theme study of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer history (pp. 1–38). National Park Foundation.
13. Nora, P. (1989). Between memory and history: Les lieux de mémoire. Representations, 26, 7–24. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928520
14. Ricoeur, P. (2004). Memory, history, forgetting (K. Blamey & D. Pellauer, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
15. Weeks, J. (2000). “The challenge of lesbian and gay studies.” In T. Sandfort, J. Schuyf, J. W. Duyvendak, & J. Weeks (Eds.), Lesbian and gay studies: An introductory, interdisciplinary approach (pp. 1–13). SAGE.
16. Yebra, J. M. (2022). Queer and black martyrdom in Alan Hollinghurst and Paul Mendez. International Journal of English Studies, 22(2), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.6018/ijes.477321