Research Article
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Year 2025, Issue: 30, 505 - 517, 29.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.1700415

Abstract

References

  • Bakır, C., & Aldemir, N. (2024). Biotext and Chinese/American Identity in Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood among Ghosts Authors. Journal of Narrative and Language Studies, 12(26), 274-283.
  • Blackman, L. (2008). The body: The key concepts. Berg.
  • Davis, J. L. (1995). Enforcing normalcy: Disability, deafness, and the body. Verso.
  • Draper, M. S. (2010). Out of my mind. Simon and Schuster, Inc.
  • Dreyfus, H. L., & Rabinow, P. (1983). Michel Foucault: Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Eberly, S. (2001). 365 manners kids should know: Games, activities, and other fun ways to help children and teens learn etiquette. Three Rivers Press.
  • Emory University. (2013, July 3). Rosemarie Garland-Thomson on the importance of having a public voice [Video]. YouTube.
  • Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality, Volume I: An introduction (R. Hurley, Trans.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1980). *Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972-1977* (C. Gordon, Ed.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. In H. L. Dreyfus & P. Rabinow, Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics (pp. 208-226). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books.
  • Foucault, M. (2002). The order of things: An archaeology of the human sciences. Routledge.
  • Foucault, M. (2003a). The birth of the clinic (A. M. Sheridan, Trans.). Routledge.
  • Foucault, M. (2003b). *Abnormal: Lectures at the Collège de France 1974-1975*. Picador.
  • Foucault, M. (2006). *Psychiatric power: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1973-1974*. Macmillan.
  • Foucault, M. (2009). *Security, territory, population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-78*. Picador.
  • Foucault, M. (2016). Özne ve iktidar (F. Keskin, Çev.; 5. baskı). Ayrıntı Yayınları. (Orijinal çalışma basım tarihi 1982)
  • Foucault, M. (2019). Hapishanenin doğuşu (M. A. Kılıçbay, Çev.; 8. baskı). İmge. (Orijinal çalışma basım tarihi 1995)
  • Garland-Thomson, R. (1997). Extraordinary bodies: Figuring physical disability in American culture. Columbia University Press.
  • Garland-Thomson, R. (2009). Staring: How we look. Oxford University Press.
  • Gill, J. C. (2006). Disability, constructed vulnerability, and socially conscious palliative care. Journal of Palliative Care, 22(3), 183-189.
  • Hall, A. (2016). Literature and disability. Routledge.
  • Hughes, B. (2005). What can a Foucauldian analysis contribute to disability theory? In S. Tremain (Ed.), Foucault and the government of disability (pp. 78-93). The University of Michigan Press.
  • Lemke, T. (2011). Biopolitics: An advanced introduction (E. F. Trump, Trans.). New York University Press.
  • Linton, S. (1998). Claiming disability: Knowledge and identity. NYU Press.
  • Mendieta, E. (2014). Biopolitics. In L. Lawlor & J. Nale (Eds.), The Cambridge Foucault lexicon (pp. 37-44). Cambridge University Press.
  • Miller, W. I. (1997). The anatomy of disgust. Harvard University Press.
  • Mitchell, D., & Snyder, S. (2003). Narrative prosthesis: Disability and the dependencies of discourse. The University of Michigan Press.
  • Murphy, F. R. (1990). The body silent: The different world of the disabled. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Ojakangas, M. (2016). On the Greek origins of biopolitics: A reinterpretation of the history of biopower. Routledge.
  • Siebers, T. (2008). Disability theory. University of Michigan Press.
  • Sullivan, M. (2005). Subjected bodies: Paraplegia, rehabilitation, and the politics of movement. In S. Tremain (Ed.), Foucault and the government of disability (pp. 1-27). The University of Michigan Press.
  • Tremain, S. (Ed.). (2005). Foucault and the government of disability. The University of Michigan Press.

DISCIPLINING THE DIFFERENT DISABLED BODY: A FOUCAULDIAN READING OF OUT OF MY MIND

Year 2025, Issue: 30, 505 - 517, 29.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.1700415

Abstract

Children’s literature, which has a deep impact on children, plays an important role in structuring perceptions about disability by reflecting the dominant cultural norms. Contemporary literature questions social structures by representing bodies that are not accepted as normal by social perceptions through narratives in which disabled heroes are at the centre. The novel Out of My Mind by Sharon M. Draper, in which the disabled individual is not used as a narrative prosthesis and makes her own existence visible, offers a critical examination of disability. This novel focuses on the power of social perceptions to manage disabled people by addressing them within the framework of complex intersectional dynamics such as identity, power, and knowledge. The protagonist of the novel is Melody, a wheelchair-bound little girl who cannot speak due to cerebral palsy. Due to the deficiency in her body, her intelligence is not recognized by the stereotypical perceptions of medical and educational discourses. Draper’s narrative creates an empathetic connection with the reader by dramatizing Melody’s life experiences that foreground her deficiency in medical and educational institutions. In a society where ableist attitudes determine and shape normality, Melody is not accepted as normal and stands out as an object of constant surveillance and control. Melody’s situation recalls Foucault’s idea of how power keeps individuals under surveillance and makes them docile. Based on Foucault’s views, this study seeks to reveal how power disciplines disabled bodies, thereby addressing the lack of research on disability in children’s literature and contributing to this field. This article aims to analyse Draper’s novel Out of My Mind within the framework of Michel Foucault’s concepts of biopolitics, surveillance, gaze and normality; in this context, it discusses how disabled bodies are defined through medical and educational discourses and how they are transformed into docile bodies through various regulatory mechanisms.

References

  • Bakır, C., & Aldemir, N. (2024). Biotext and Chinese/American Identity in Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood among Ghosts Authors. Journal of Narrative and Language Studies, 12(26), 274-283.
  • Blackman, L. (2008). The body: The key concepts. Berg.
  • Davis, J. L. (1995). Enforcing normalcy: Disability, deafness, and the body. Verso.
  • Draper, M. S. (2010). Out of my mind. Simon and Schuster, Inc.
  • Dreyfus, H. L., & Rabinow, P. (1983). Michel Foucault: Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Eberly, S. (2001). 365 manners kids should know: Games, activities, and other fun ways to help children and teens learn etiquette. Three Rivers Press.
  • Emory University. (2013, July 3). Rosemarie Garland-Thomson on the importance of having a public voice [Video]. YouTube.
  • Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality, Volume I: An introduction (R. Hurley, Trans.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1980). *Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972-1977* (C. Gordon, Ed.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. In H. L. Dreyfus & P. Rabinow, Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics (pp. 208-226). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books.
  • Foucault, M. (2002). The order of things: An archaeology of the human sciences. Routledge.
  • Foucault, M. (2003a). The birth of the clinic (A. M. Sheridan, Trans.). Routledge.
  • Foucault, M. (2003b). *Abnormal: Lectures at the Collège de France 1974-1975*. Picador.
  • Foucault, M. (2006). *Psychiatric power: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1973-1974*. Macmillan.
  • Foucault, M. (2009). *Security, territory, population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-78*. Picador.
  • Foucault, M. (2016). Özne ve iktidar (F. Keskin, Çev.; 5. baskı). Ayrıntı Yayınları. (Orijinal çalışma basım tarihi 1982)
  • Foucault, M. (2019). Hapishanenin doğuşu (M. A. Kılıçbay, Çev.; 8. baskı). İmge. (Orijinal çalışma basım tarihi 1995)
  • Garland-Thomson, R. (1997). Extraordinary bodies: Figuring physical disability in American culture. Columbia University Press.
  • Garland-Thomson, R. (2009). Staring: How we look. Oxford University Press.
  • Gill, J. C. (2006). Disability, constructed vulnerability, and socially conscious palliative care. Journal of Palliative Care, 22(3), 183-189.
  • Hall, A. (2016). Literature and disability. Routledge.
  • Hughes, B. (2005). What can a Foucauldian analysis contribute to disability theory? In S. Tremain (Ed.), Foucault and the government of disability (pp. 78-93). The University of Michigan Press.
  • Lemke, T. (2011). Biopolitics: An advanced introduction (E. F. Trump, Trans.). New York University Press.
  • Linton, S. (1998). Claiming disability: Knowledge and identity. NYU Press.
  • Mendieta, E. (2014). Biopolitics. In L. Lawlor & J. Nale (Eds.), The Cambridge Foucault lexicon (pp. 37-44). Cambridge University Press.
  • Miller, W. I. (1997). The anatomy of disgust. Harvard University Press.
  • Mitchell, D., & Snyder, S. (2003). Narrative prosthesis: Disability and the dependencies of discourse. The University of Michigan Press.
  • Murphy, F. R. (1990). The body silent: The different world of the disabled. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Ojakangas, M. (2016). On the Greek origins of biopolitics: A reinterpretation of the history of biopower. Routledge.
  • Siebers, T. (2008). Disability theory. University of Michigan Press.
  • Sullivan, M. (2005). Subjected bodies: Paraplegia, rehabilitation, and the politics of movement. In S. Tremain (Ed.), Foucault and the government of disability (pp. 1-27). The University of Michigan Press.
  • Tremain, S. (Ed.). (2005). Foucault and the government of disability. The University of Michigan Press.

FARKLI ENGELLİ BEDENİN DİSİPLİNE EDİLMESİ: OUT OF MY MIND’IN FOUCAULTCU BİR OKUMASI

Year 2025, Issue: 30, 505 - 517, 29.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.1700415

Abstract

Çocuklar üzerinde derin etkiler bırakan çocuk edebiyatı, hâkim olan kültürel normları yansıtarak engellilikle ilgili algıları yapılandırmada önemli bir rol oynar. Çağdaş edebiyat engelli kahramanların merkezde olduğu anlatılar yoluyla toplumsal algıların normal kabul etmediği bedenleri temsil ederek toplumsal yapıları sorgular. Engelli bireyin anlatı protezi olarak kullanılmadığı ve kendi varlığını görünür kıldığı Sharon M. Draper tarafından kaleme alınan Out of My Mind romanı engellilik hakkında eleştirel bir inceleme sunar. Bu roman engelli bireyleri kimlik, güç, bilgi gibi karmaşık kesişimsel dinamikler çerçevesinde ele alarak toplumsal algıların onları yönetmedeki gücüne odaklanır. Romanın başkahramanı beyin felci hastalığından dolayı konuşamayan tekerlekli sandalyeye mahkûm olan küçük bir kız çocuğu Melody’dir. Bedenindeki noksanlıktan dolayı onun zekâsı tıbbi ve eğitsel söylemlerin klişeleşmiş algıları tarafından tanınmaz. Draper’in anlatımı Melody’nin tıbbi ve eğitim kurumlarında eksikliğini ön plana çıkaran yaşam deneyimlerini dramatize ederek okuyucuyla empatik bir bağ oluşturur. Ableist tutumların normalliği belirlediği ve şekillendirdiği toplumda Melody normal olarak kabul görmeyerek sürekli gözetilen ve kontrol edilen bir nesne olarak göze çarpar. Melody’nin bu durumu Foucault’nun iktidarın bireyleri nasıl gözetim altında tutarak uysallaştırdığını çağrıştırır. Foucault’nun görüşlerinden yola çıkılarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, iktidarın engelli bedenleri nasıl uysallaştırdığını ortaya koyarak, çocuk edebiyatında engellilik üzerine yapılan çalışmaların eksikliğini gidermeye ve bu alana katkı sunmaya hedeflemektedir. Bu makale, Draper’ın Out of My Mind adlı romanını Michel Foucault’nun biyopolitika, gözetim, bakış ve normallik kavramları çerçevesinde analiz etmeyi amaçlamakta; bu bağlamda, engelli bedenlerin tıbbi ve eğitsel söylemler aracılığıyla nasıl tanımlandığını ve çeşitli düzenleyici mekanizmalar yoluyla nasıl uysal bedenlere dönüştürüldüğünü tartışmaktadır.

References

  • Bakır, C., & Aldemir, N. (2024). Biotext and Chinese/American Identity in Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood among Ghosts Authors. Journal of Narrative and Language Studies, 12(26), 274-283.
  • Blackman, L. (2008). The body: The key concepts. Berg.
  • Davis, J. L. (1995). Enforcing normalcy: Disability, deafness, and the body. Verso.
  • Draper, M. S. (2010). Out of my mind. Simon and Schuster, Inc.
  • Dreyfus, H. L., & Rabinow, P. (1983). Michel Foucault: Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics. The University of Chicago Press.
  • Eberly, S. (2001). 365 manners kids should know: Games, activities, and other fun ways to help children and teens learn etiquette. Three Rivers Press.
  • Emory University. (2013, July 3). Rosemarie Garland-Thomson on the importance of having a public voice [Video]. YouTube.
  • Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality, Volume I: An introduction (R. Hurley, Trans.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1980). *Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972-1977* (C. Gordon, Ed.). Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. In H. L. Dreyfus & P. Rabinow, Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics (pp. 208-226). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books.
  • Foucault, M. (2002). The order of things: An archaeology of the human sciences. Routledge.
  • Foucault, M. (2003a). The birth of the clinic (A. M. Sheridan, Trans.). Routledge.
  • Foucault, M. (2003b). *Abnormal: Lectures at the Collège de France 1974-1975*. Picador.
  • Foucault, M. (2006). *Psychiatric power: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1973-1974*. Macmillan.
  • Foucault, M. (2009). *Security, territory, population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-78*. Picador.
  • Foucault, M. (2016). Özne ve iktidar (F. Keskin, Çev.; 5. baskı). Ayrıntı Yayınları. (Orijinal çalışma basım tarihi 1982)
  • Foucault, M. (2019). Hapishanenin doğuşu (M. A. Kılıçbay, Çev.; 8. baskı). İmge. (Orijinal çalışma basım tarihi 1995)
  • Garland-Thomson, R. (1997). Extraordinary bodies: Figuring physical disability in American culture. Columbia University Press.
  • Garland-Thomson, R. (2009). Staring: How we look. Oxford University Press.
  • Gill, J. C. (2006). Disability, constructed vulnerability, and socially conscious palliative care. Journal of Palliative Care, 22(3), 183-189.
  • Hall, A. (2016). Literature and disability. Routledge.
  • Hughes, B. (2005). What can a Foucauldian analysis contribute to disability theory? In S. Tremain (Ed.), Foucault and the government of disability (pp. 78-93). The University of Michigan Press.
  • Lemke, T. (2011). Biopolitics: An advanced introduction (E. F. Trump, Trans.). New York University Press.
  • Linton, S. (1998). Claiming disability: Knowledge and identity. NYU Press.
  • Mendieta, E. (2014). Biopolitics. In L. Lawlor & J. Nale (Eds.), The Cambridge Foucault lexicon (pp. 37-44). Cambridge University Press.
  • Miller, W. I. (1997). The anatomy of disgust. Harvard University Press.
  • Mitchell, D., & Snyder, S. (2003). Narrative prosthesis: Disability and the dependencies of discourse. The University of Michigan Press.
  • Murphy, F. R. (1990). The body silent: The different world of the disabled. W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Ojakangas, M. (2016). On the Greek origins of biopolitics: A reinterpretation of the history of biopower. Routledge.
  • Siebers, T. (2008). Disability theory. University of Michigan Press.
  • Sullivan, M. (2005). Subjected bodies: Paraplegia, rehabilitation, and the politics of movement. In S. Tremain (Ed.), Foucault and the government of disability (pp. 1-27). The University of Michigan Press.
  • Tremain, S. (Ed.). (2005). Foucault and the government of disability. The University of Michigan Press.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ayşegül Elçi 0000-0002-5179-5507

Mukadder Erkan 0000-0002-9110-4272

Early Pub Date October 26, 2025
Publication Date October 29, 2025
Submission Date May 15, 2025
Acceptance Date October 21, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 30

Cite

APA Elçi, A., & Erkan, M. (2025). DISCIPLINING THE DIFFERENT DISABLED BODY: A FOUCAULDIAN READING OF OUT OF MY MIND. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(30), 505-517. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.1700415