CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF FRENCH AND NUBIAN: NOUN PHRASE CONSTRUCTIONS

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the similarities and differences between French and Nubian languages regarding the internal structure of their noun phrases and the order of the constituents in their simple and complex noun phrases. To this end, the contrastive analysis (CA) is applied which is composed of three steps as (1) description; (2) juxtaposition; (3) comparison. The contrastive analysis in this study shows that French and Nubian languages have many differences regarding the placement of a head noun, the placement of an adjective of size and quality, the placement of numerals and the case marker in a complex noun phrase and share fewer similarities such that both languages can use two adjectives successively in a complex noun phrase. The findings of this study contribute to comparative historical linguistics to establish language genealogy, to typological linguistics to create language taxonomies, to translation studies to investigate problems of equivalence in creating bilingual dictionaries.

Keywords

• Contrastive Study
• Noun Phrase Constructions
• French Language
• Nubian Language
• Simple and Complex Noun Phrases

FRANSIZCA VE NÜBYENİN KARŞITSAL ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ: AD ÖBEĞİ YAPILARI

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Fransızca ve Nübye dillerindeki ad öbeklerinin iç yapısı ve bileşenlerin basit ve karmaşık ad öbeklerindeki sırası açısından benzerlik ve farklılıkları ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, (1) tanımlama; (2)yan yana koyma ve (3) karşılaştırma olarak üç adımdan oluşan karşıtsal çözümleme (CA) uygulanır. Bu çalışmada yapılan karşıtsal çözümleme, Fransızca ve Nübye dilleri arasında bir baş ismin yerleştirilmesi, büyüklük ve nitelik sıfatının yerleştirilmesi, sayıların yerleştirilmesi ve karmaşık ad öbeğindeki durum işaretçisi açısından pek çok farklılık olduğunu, her iki dilin karmaşık ad öbeğinde art arda iki sıfatın bulunması açısından ise daha az benzerliği paylaştığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, dil soy bilimi oluşturmak için karşılaştırmalı tarihsel dilbilime, dil sınıflamaları oluşturmak için tipolojik dilbilime, iki dilli sözlükler oluşturmak için denklik problemlerini araştıran çeviri çalışmalarına katkıda bulunmaktadır. 

Keywords

• Karşıtsal Çözümleme
• Ad Öbeği Yapıları
• Fransızca
• Nübye
• Basit ve Karmaşık Ad Öbekleri

References

1. Alamin, S. (2014). Noun phrase constructions in Nubian languages: A comparative study. Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies, 1(10), 203-220.
2. Alfaki, I. M. (2014). A contrastive study in sentence construction between English and Nubian Languages. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 4(5), 137-147.
3. Bada, E. (2001). Native language influence on the production of English sounds by Japanese learners. The Reading Matrix, 1(2), 1-15.
4. Bouveret, M., & Legallois, D. (Eds.). (2012). Constructions in French (pp.9). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
5. De Wit, A., Patard, A., & Brisard, F. (2013). A contrastive analysis of the present progressive in French and English. Studies in Language, 37(4), 846-879.
6. Chen, K. (1997). English vs Chinese: World views and writing styles. TESOL Matters, 7, 1-13.
7. Fries, C.C. (1945). Teaching and learning English as a foreign language. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
8. Hamel, N. (1925). A new universal French grammar; being an accurate system of French accidence and syntax, on a methodological plan (pp: 127). London: A. & R. Spottiswoode, New-Street-Square.

9. Krzeszowski, T. P. (1990). Contrasting languages: The scope of contrastive linguistics. Walter de Gruyter.
10. Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics across culture: Applied linguistics for language teaching. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
11. Lodge, R. A., Armstrong, N. Ellis, Y. M. L., & Shelton, J.F. (1997). Exploring the French language (pp.146). London: John Wiley & Sons.
12. N'Gom, F. (1997). Contrastive phonological analysis of French and Mandinka (Master’s thesis, University of Montana).
13. Odudigbo, M. E. (2014). Contrastive Analysis of French and Yoruba Language. Nigerian Defence Academy, Nigeria.
14. Payne, J.R. (2006). Noun phrases. In K. Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics (pp. 712-20). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
15. Rowlett, P. (2007). The syntax of French (pp.17). Cambridge University Press.
16. Salim, A. (1991). A Contrastive analysis between the French noun phrase and the English noun phrase (Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University).
17. Siméus, M. A. (2017). French made simple: Synthesis of grammar. Bloomington: AuthorHouse.
18. Sallee, B. and Hebert, D. (2014). The everything essential French book: All you need to learn French in no time (p.155). Massachuets: Simon & Schuster, Inc.
19. Tajareh, M. J. (2015). An overview of contrastive analysis hypothesis. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 36(3), 1106-1113.
20. Thomas, J. (1983). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure. Applied Linguistics, 4, 91.
21. Vaillant, P. (2016). Noun phrases in mixed Martinican Creole and French: Evidence for an underspecified language model. Retrieved from https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01451392.
22. Walid, M. C. M. (2012). English and French phonological systems: A contrastive study (Doctoral Dissertation, Unıversıté Badji Mokhtar-Annaba).
23. Weinreich, V. (1953). Languages in contact. New York: Linguistic Circles of NY.