Sözlü Anlatı Çevirisi: Kaavad ve Phad Ekseninde Görsel Anlatı

Year 2018, Volume: 12 Issue: 1-2, 85 - 98, 28.12.2018

Divya Joshi

Abstract

Walter
J. Ong’un çalışmaları, sözlü anlatı çalışmalarının temelini oluşturur. Bu
çalışmalar, yazılı dilin gücüne ve kayda değer başarısına rağmen çoğu dillerin
yazıya hiçbir zaman dökülmemiş olduğunu ve sözlü anlatının dilin temelinde
kalıcı olduğunu göstermektedir (Ong 7). Ramanujan, Mahabharata Destanı’nı hiç okumamış oldukları için Hindistan’daki
herkesin bildiğini dile getirir ve böylece Hindistan’daki sözlü ifadenin ve
sözlü geleneklerin önemini vurgular. Sözlü geleneğin yeni araç ve türlere
dönüştürülmesi, Hint anlatı geleneğinde alışılmadık değildir. Sözlü anlatı
aktarıldığında veya deşifre edildiğinde sosyal/kültürel bağlamı özümser ve bu
her bir anlatı/yeniden anlatı/kültürel aktarım ve yeniden yaratım süreci ile
yeni bir anlam kazanır. Bu makale, Phad
ve Kavaad gibi hikaye anlatımı geleneklerine
atıfla Rajastan’da bilinen halk masalları ekseninde çevirinin rolü ve çevirinin
sözlü anlatı ile olan ilişkisini irdeler. Bu makale aynı zamanda, sözlü anlatı
ile çevirinin arasındaki kesişimi, kişisel ve kolektif bilinç yapılarını, sözlü
anlatı çevirisinde yakınsak ve ıraksaklığı inceler.

Keywords

Sözlü anlatı, anuvaad, lok, söz, dil, yeniden anlatı

Translating Orality: Pictorial Narrative Traditions with Reference To Kaavad and Phad

Abstract

Walter
J. Ong’s work is crucial for the study of orality, and highlights that a great
majority of languages are never written despite the success and power of the
written language and that the basic orality of language is stable (Ong 7). When
A. K. Ramanujan claims that everybody in India knows The Mahābhārata because nobody reads it,
he is also emphasizing the power of orality and oral traditions in India (qtd.
in Lal).
Transmuting oral forms into new mediums and genres is not unknown to Indian
narrative traditions. Orality when transmitted or deciphered imbibes a portion
of its social/cultural contexts and resembles a nomadic metaphor that finds new
meaning with each telling/re-telling/transcreation. My paper deals with the
role of translation and its relationship with orality, as embodied in the folk
legacy of Rajasthan with reference to the oral traditions of storytelling like Phad and Kaavad. The paper looks at the intersections between orality and
translation, the structures of individual and collective consciousness,
convergences and divergences in translating orality.

Keywords

orality, anuvaad, lok, word, language, re-telling

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