Cytotoxic Effects of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Grown in the Presence of Oleuropein on Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Year 2020, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 55 - 59, 27.03.2020

Hasan Ufuk Celebioglu , Busenur Çelebi , Yavuz Erden , Emre Evin Orhan Adalı

Abstract

Functional foods are groups of foods that have potentially positive
effects on health beyond basic nutrition. Probiotics are beneficial
microorganisms, being as a group of functional foods, and when ingested in
adequate amounts, they possess positive health effects to host organisms. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus are two of the
most studied and very well-known probiotic bacteria. They can have
anti-carcinogenic functions, yet their exact mechanisms how they possess
anti-carcinogenic activities are still under investigation.

Another group of functional foods is plant-based phenolic compounds.
They also have potential to possess anti-carcinogenic activities. Among them, oleuropein
is very interesting and well-known phenolic compound naturally present in olive
fruits and olive oil.

As the phenolic compounds and probiotic bacteria can be present at the
same time in human gastrointestinal tract, this study aims to investigate the in vitro cytotoxic effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 (LA-5) and Lactobacillus
rhamnosus GG (GG) grown in the presence of oleuropein on human prostate
cancer cell line. To achieve this purpose, oleuropein was added to media of
these bacteria and effects of cell-free supernatants of these combinations
(phenolic+probiotic) on cytotoxicity of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 were
investigated using MTT Method. 

Concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 250 µg/mL of oleuropein were added to
bacterial cultures and no inhibition on growths of LA-5 or GG were observed.
Cell surface hydrophobicity (i.e., adhesion to hydrophobic solvents) is an
important feature for bacteria to be retained in gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
MATS tests showed all concentrations of oleuropein decreased the surface
hydrophobicity of GG, while a dose-dependent increase or decrease in surface
hydrophobicity was observed in LA-5. Bacterial aggregation is defined as
clustering of bacteria. Auto-aggregation studies showed oleuropein affected the
aggregation of bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. Oleuropein added to the
growth medium of LA-5 had additional effects on the cytotoxicity of cell-free
supernatants of this bacterium. However, addition of oleuropein to the growth
medium of GG did not show significant changes on the cytotoxicity of cell-free
supernatants of this bacterium.

Thus, the results indicate that new combinations of functional foods
have potential to formulate new nutraceuticals. 

Keywords

Cytotoxicity, MTT Assay, phenolic compounds, probiotics, prostate cancer, oleuropein

Thanks

Chr. Hansen, Turkey is acknowledged for obtaining the probiotic strains.

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