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NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF THE COASTLINE OF ÇEŞME-İZMİR ABSTRACT

Year 2018, Volume: 16 Issue: 1/2, 167 - 186, 16.05.2018

Abstract

Türkiye,
Avrupa'nın en büyük plaj kum sistemine sahip ülkesidir. 8333 km uzunluğundaki
(toplam sahilin yaklaşık % 10'u) toplam sahillerin 845 km'lik kısmı plaj
kumları ile kaplıdır. Plaj kumları mineral yatakları olup genellikle magmatik
kayaçlardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, plaj kumlarındaki doğal
radyoaktivite çalışmaları, dışsal maruz kalınan gamma radyasyonuna bağlı riski
belirlemek için önemlidir.



Bu
çalışmada, Çeşme ilçesi kıyı şeridi boyunca alınan plaj kum örneklerinin doğal
radyonüklid (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) aktivite
konsantrasyonları HPGe gamma spektrometresi sistemi ile ölçülmüş ve insanların
maruz kaldığı doz oranları hesaplanmıştır. Plaj kumlarının 226Ra, 232Th,
40K aktivite konsantrasyonları sırasıyla, 5.70–38.83, 3.870–292.7 ve
120.4 – 377.6 Bq/kg aralığında olduğu ölçülmüş ve absorbe edilen gamma doz
hızıları 12-202 nGy/h aralığında olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Yıllık etkin doz
eşdeğer oranları 0.015-0.250 mSv aralığında olduğu bulunmuştur. Kum
örneklerinin radyum eşdeğer aktivite değerleri, dünya limit değeri olan 370
Bq/kg'dan düşük bulunmuştur, Çeşme-Alaçatı’daki bir plaj hariç. Elde edilen
sonuçlar, Çeşme kıyı şeridindeki radyoaktivite ve doz oranlarının nüfus açısından
herhangi bir risk oluşturmadığını göstermektedir.

References

  • Alam, M.N., Chowdhury, M.I., Kamal, M., Ghose, S., Islam, M.N., Mustafa, M.N., Miah, M.M.H., Ansary, M.M., 1999. The 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activities in beach sand minerals and beach soils of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, J. Environ. Radioact. 46, 243-250. Alencar, A.S., Freitas, A.C., 2005. Reference levels of natural radioactivity for the beach sands in a Brazilian southeastern coastal region, Radiat. Meas. 40, 76-83. Al-Trabulsy, H.A., Khater, A.E.M., Habbani, F.I., 2011. Radioactivity levels and radiological hazard indices at the Saudi coastline of the Gulf of Aqaba, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 80, 343-348. Anjos, R.M., Macario, K.D., Lima, T.A., Veiga, R.,Carvalho, C., Fernandes, P.J.F., Vezzone, M., Bastos, J., 2010. Correlatlon between radiometric analysis of Quaternary deposits and the chronology of prehistoric settlements from the southestern Brazilian coast, J. Environ. Radioact. 101, 75-81. Aytekin, H., Tufan, M.Ç., Küçük, C., 2015. Natural radioactivity measurements and dose assessments in sand samples collected from Zonguldak beaches in Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 303: 2227–2232. Baba, A., Deniz, O., Ozcan, H., Erees, S.F., Cetiner S.Z., 2008, Geochemical and radionuclide profile of Tuzla geothermal field, Turkey, Environ. Mon. Assess. 145, 1-3, 361-374. Beretka, J. And Matthew, P.J., 1985. Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and by-products. Health Phys. 48, 87–95. Çakmakoğlu, A. and Bilgin, Z.R., 2006. Karaburun yarımadası’nın neojen öncesi stratigrafisi, MTA dergisi, 132, 33-62. Cetiner, M.A., Gündüz, H., Ilgar, A., 2011. High background radiation areas at Çanakkale in Turkey, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 80, 704-709. de Meijer, R.J., James, I.R., Jennings, P.J., Koeyers, J.E., 2001. Cluster analysis of radionuclide concentrations in beach sand, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 54, 535-542. El-Arabi, A.M., 2005. Natural radioactivity in sand used in thermal therapy at the Red Sea Coast, J. Environ. Radioact. 81, 11-19. El-Saharty., A.A., 2013. Radioactive survey of coastal water and sediments across Alexandria and Rashid coasts.Egypt J. Aqua. Res., 39, 21-30. Freitas, A.C, Alencar, A.S., 2004. Gamma dose rates and distribution of natural radionuclides in sand beaches-Ilha Grande, Southeastern Brazil, J. Environ. Radioact. 75, 211-223. Kannan V., Rajan, M.P., Iyengar, M.A.R., Ramesh, R., 2002. Distribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in soil and beach sand samples of Kalpakkam (India) using hyper pure germanium (HPGe) gamma ray spectrometry, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 57, 109-119. Karayel, G., Kırkan, B., Eren Belgin, E., Ayçık, G.A., Gül, M., 2009. Bodrum-Turgutreis Sahilinin Doğal Radyoaktivite Seviyesinin Belirlenmesi ve Bölgenin Jeolojik Yapısıyla İlişkilendirilmesi, X. Ulusal Nükleer Bilimler ve Teknolojileri Kongresi, 6-9 Ekim 2009, 203-210 (Turkish). Korkulu, Z. and Özkan, N., 2013. Determination of natural radioactivity levels of beach sand samples in the black sea coast of Kocaeli (Turkey), Radiat. Phys. Chem. 88, 27-31. Lakshmi, K.S., Selvasekarapandian, S., Khanna, D., Meenakshisundaram, V., 2005. Primordial radionuclides concentrations in the beach sands of East Cost region of Tamilnadu, India, Inter. Cong. Ser. 1276, 323-324. Mahur, A.K., Shakir Khan, M., Naqvi, A.H., Rajendra Prasad, Amer Azam, 2008. Measurement of effective radium content of sand samples collected from Chhatrapur beach, Orissa, India using track etch technique, Radiat. Meas. 43, S520-S522. Malain, D., Regan, P.H., Bradley, D.A., Matthews, M., Al-Sulaiti, H.A., Santawamaitre, T., 2012. An evaluation of the natural radioactivity in Andaman beach sand samples of Thailand after the 2004 tsunami, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 70, 1467-1474. Malain, D., Regan, P.H., Bradley, D.A., Matthews, M., Santawamaitre, T., Al-Sulaiti, H.A., 2010. Measurements of NORM in beach sand samples along the Andaman coast of Thailand after the 2004 tsunami, Nuc. Instru. Met. Phys. Rese. A. 619, 441-445. Newman, R.T., Lindsay, R., Maphoto, K.P., Mlwilo, N.A., Mohanty, A.K., Roux, D.G., de Meijer, R.J., Hlatshwayo, I.N., 2008. Determination of soil, sand and ore primordial radionuclide concentrations by full-spectrum analyses of high-purity germanium detector spectra, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 66, 855-859. NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements), 1975. Natural background radiation in the United States. Report no.45. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Washington, DC. Örgün, Y., Altınsoy, N., Şahin, S.Y., Güngör, Y., Gültekin, A.H., Karahan, G., Karacık, Z., 2007. Natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in rocks and beach sands from Ezine region (Çanakkale), Western Anatolia, Turkey, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 65, 739-747. Özmen, S.F., Cesur, A., Boztosun, I., Yavuz, M., 2014. Distribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in beach sand samples from Mediterranean Cost of Turkey. Radiat. Phys. and Chem. 103: 37-44. Ramasamy, V., Sundarrajan, M., Paramasivam, K., Meenakshisundaram, V., Suresh, G., 2013. Assessment of spatial distribution and radiological hazardous nature of radionuclides in high background radiation area, Kerala, India, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 73, 21-31. Seddeek, M.K., Badran, H.M., Sharshar, T., Elnimr, T., 2005. Characteristics, spatial distribution and vertical profile of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in the coastal environment of North Sinai, J. Environ. Radioact. 84, 21-50. Sengupta, D., Mohanty, A.K., Das, S.K., Saha, S.K., 2005. Natural radioactivity in the high background radiation area at Erasama beach placer deposit of Orissa, India, Inter. Cong. Ser. 1276, 210-211. Shetty, P.K., Narayana, Y., 2010. Variation of radiation level and radionuclide enrichment in high background area, J. Environ. Radioact. 101, 1043-1047. Shuaibu, K.H., Khandaker, M.U., Alrefae, T., Bradley, D.A., 2017. Assessment of natural radioactivity and gamma-ray dose in monazite rich black Sand Beach of Penang Island, Malaysia, Marine Poll. Bul. 119, 423-428. Suresh-Gandhi, M., Ravisankar, R., Rajalakshmi, A., Sivakumar, S., Chandrasekaran, A., 2013. Measurements of natural gamma radiations in beach sediments of north east cost of Tamilnadu, India by gamma ray spectrometry with multivariate statistical approach, J. Radiat. Rese. App. Sci. 12, 1-11. TAEA (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority), Environmental Radioactivity Atlas of Turkey, 2013. Tari, M., Zarandi, S.A.M., Mohammadi, K., Zare, M.R., 2013. The measurment of gamma-emitting radionuclides in beach sand cores of coastal regions of Ramsar, Iran using HPGe detectors, Marine Pollut. Bull. 74, 425-434. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), 1982. Ionizing Radiation: Sources and Biological Effects. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. United Nations, New York. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), 1988. Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. Report to the General Assembly, with Annexes. United Nations, New York. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) 1993 Report. Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. United Nations Publication, New York, USA. UNSCEAR (2000), Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. New York: United Nations. Vassas, C., Pourcelot, L., Vella, C., Carpena, J., Pupin, J.P., Bouisset, P., Guillot, L., 2006. Mechanisms of enrichment of natural radioactivity along the beaches of the Camargue, France. J. Environ. Radioact. 91, 146-159. Veiga, R., Sanches, N., Anjos, R.M., Macario, K., Bastos, J., Iguatemy, M., Aguiar, J.G., Santos, A.M.A., Mosquera, B., Carvalho, C., Bastista, Filho, M., Umisedo, N.K., 2006. Measurement of natural radioactivity in Brazilian beach sands. Radiat. Meas. 41, 189-196. Yalçın, M.G., 2009. Heavy mineral distribution as related to environmental conditions for modern beach sediments from the Susanoğlu (Atakent, Mersin, Turkey). Environ. Geo. 58: 119-129. Zare, M.R., Mostajaboddavati, M., Kamalı, M., Abdi, M.R., Mortazavi, M.S., 2012. 235U, 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations in marine sediments along the northern coast of Oman Sea using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2012, 64, 1956-1961.
Year 2018, Volume: 16 Issue: 1/2, 167 - 186, 16.05.2018

Abstract

References

  • Alam, M.N., Chowdhury, M.I., Kamal, M., Ghose, S., Islam, M.N., Mustafa, M.N., Miah, M.M.H., Ansary, M.M., 1999. The 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activities in beach sand minerals and beach soils of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, J. Environ. Radioact. 46, 243-250. Alencar, A.S., Freitas, A.C., 2005. Reference levels of natural radioactivity for the beach sands in a Brazilian southeastern coastal region, Radiat. Meas. 40, 76-83. Al-Trabulsy, H.A., Khater, A.E.M., Habbani, F.I., 2011. Radioactivity levels and radiological hazard indices at the Saudi coastline of the Gulf of Aqaba, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 80, 343-348. Anjos, R.M., Macario, K.D., Lima, T.A., Veiga, R.,Carvalho, C., Fernandes, P.J.F., Vezzone, M., Bastos, J., 2010. Correlatlon between radiometric analysis of Quaternary deposits and the chronology of prehistoric settlements from the southestern Brazilian coast, J. Environ. Radioact. 101, 75-81. Aytekin, H., Tufan, M.Ç., Küçük, C., 2015. Natural radioactivity measurements and dose assessments in sand samples collected from Zonguldak beaches in Turkey. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 303: 2227–2232. Baba, A., Deniz, O., Ozcan, H., Erees, S.F., Cetiner S.Z., 2008, Geochemical and radionuclide profile of Tuzla geothermal field, Turkey, Environ. Mon. Assess. 145, 1-3, 361-374. Beretka, J. And Matthew, P.J., 1985. Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and by-products. Health Phys. 48, 87–95. Çakmakoğlu, A. and Bilgin, Z.R., 2006. Karaburun yarımadası’nın neojen öncesi stratigrafisi, MTA dergisi, 132, 33-62. Cetiner, M.A., Gündüz, H., Ilgar, A., 2011. High background radiation areas at Çanakkale in Turkey, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 80, 704-709. de Meijer, R.J., James, I.R., Jennings, P.J., Koeyers, J.E., 2001. Cluster analysis of radionuclide concentrations in beach sand, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 54, 535-542. El-Arabi, A.M., 2005. Natural radioactivity in sand used in thermal therapy at the Red Sea Coast, J. Environ. Radioact. 81, 11-19. El-Saharty., A.A., 2013. Radioactive survey of coastal water and sediments across Alexandria and Rashid coasts.Egypt J. Aqua. Res., 39, 21-30. Freitas, A.C, Alencar, A.S., 2004. Gamma dose rates and distribution of natural radionuclides in sand beaches-Ilha Grande, Southeastern Brazil, J. Environ. Radioact. 75, 211-223. Kannan V., Rajan, M.P., Iyengar, M.A.R., Ramesh, R., 2002. Distribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in soil and beach sand samples of Kalpakkam (India) using hyper pure germanium (HPGe) gamma ray spectrometry, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 57, 109-119. Karayel, G., Kırkan, B., Eren Belgin, E., Ayçık, G.A., Gül, M., 2009. Bodrum-Turgutreis Sahilinin Doğal Radyoaktivite Seviyesinin Belirlenmesi ve Bölgenin Jeolojik Yapısıyla İlişkilendirilmesi, X. Ulusal Nükleer Bilimler ve Teknolojileri Kongresi, 6-9 Ekim 2009, 203-210 (Turkish). Korkulu, Z. and Özkan, N., 2013. Determination of natural radioactivity levels of beach sand samples in the black sea coast of Kocaeli (Turkey), Radiat. Phys. Chem. 88, 27-31. Lakshmi, K.S., Selvasekarapandian, S., Khanna, D., Meenakshisundaram, V., 2005. Primordial radionuclides concentrations in the beach sands of East Cost region of Tamilnadu, India, Inter. Cong. Ser. 1276, 323-324. Mahur, A.K., Shakir Khan, M., Naqvi, A.H., Rajendra Prasad, Amer Azam, 2008. Measurement of effective radium content of sand samples collected from Chhatrapur beach, Orissa, India using track etch technique, Radiat. Meas. 43, S520-S522. Malain, D., Regan, P.H., Bradley, D.A., Matthews, M., Al-Sulaiti, H.A., Santawamaitre, T., 2012. An evaluation of the natural radioactivity in Andaman beach sand samples of Thailand after the 2004 tsunami, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 70, 1467-1474. Malain, D., Regan, P.H., Bradley, D.A., Matthews, M., Santawamaitre, T., Al-Sulaiti, H.A., 2010. Measurements of NORM in beach sand samples along the Andaman coast of Thailand after the 2004 tsunami, Nuc. Instru. Met. Phys. Rese. A. 619, 441-445. Newman, R.T., Lindsay, R., Maphoto, K.P., Mlwilo, N.A., Mohanty, A.K., Roux, D.G., de Meijer, R.J., Hlatshwayo, I.N., 2008. Determination of soil, sand and ore primordial radionuclide concentrations by full-spectrum analyses of high-purity germanium detector spectra, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 66, 855-859. NCRP (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements), 1975. Natural background radiation in the United States. Report no.45. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Washington, DC. Örgün, Y., Altınsoy, N., Şahin, S.Y., Güngör, Y., Gültekin, A.H., Karahan, G., Karacık, Z., 2007. Natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in rocks and beach sands from Ezine region (Çanakkale), Western Anatolia, Turkey, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 65, 739-747. Özmen, S.F., Cesur, A., Boztosun, I., Yavuz, M., 2014. Distribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in beach sand samples from Mediterranean Cost of Turkey. Radiat. Phys. and Chem. 103: 37-44. Ramasamy, V., Sundarrajan, M., Paramasivam, K., Meenakshisundaram, V., Suresh, G., 2013. Assessment of spatial distribution and radiological hazardous nature of radionuclides in high background radiation area, Kerala, India, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 73, 21-31. Seddeek, M.K., Badran, H.M., Sharshar, T., Elnimr, T., 2005. Characteristics, spatial distribution and vertical profile of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in the coastal environment of North Sinai, J. Environ. Radioact. 84, 21-50. Sengupta, D., Mohanty, A.K., Das, S.K., Saha, S.K., 2005. Natural radioactivity in the high background radiation area at Erasama beach placer deposit of Orissa, India, Inter. Cong. Ser. 1276, 210-211. Shetty, P.K., Narayana, Y., 2010. Variation of radiation level and radionuclide enrichment in high background area, J. Environ. Radioact. 101, 1043-1047. Shuaibu, K.H., Khandaker, M.U., Alrefae, T., Bradley, D.A., 2017. Assessment of natural radioactivity and gamma-ray dose in monazite rich black Sand Beach of Penang Island, Malaysia, Marine Poll. Bul. 119, 423-428. Suresh-Gandhi, M., Ravisankar, R., Rajalakshmi, A., Sivakumar, S., Chandrasekaran, A., 2013. Measurements of natural gamma radiations in beach sediments of north east cost of Tamilnadu, India by gamma ray spectrometry with multivariate statistical approach, J. Radiat. Rese. App. Sci. 12, 1-11. TAEA (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority), Environmental Radioactivity Atlas of Turkey, 2013. Tari, M., Zarandi, S.A.M., Mohammadi, K., Zare, M.R., 2013. The measurment of gamma-emitting radionuclides in beach sand cores of coastal regions of Ramsar, Iran using HPGe detectors, Marine Pollut. Bull. 74, 425-434. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), 1982. Ionizing Radiation: Sources and Biological Effects. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. United Nations, New York. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), 1988. Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. Report to the General Assembly, with Annexes. United Nations, New York. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation) 1993 Report. Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. United Nations Publication, New York, USA. UNSCEAR (2000), Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. New York: United Nations. Vassas, C., Pourcelot, L., Vella, C., Carpena, J., Pupin, J.P., Bouisset, P., Guillot, L., 2006. Mechanisms of enrichment of natural radioactivity along the beaches of the Camargue, France. J. Environ. Radioact. 91, 146-159. Veiga, R., Sanches, N., Anjos, R.M., Macario, K., Bastos, J., Iguatemy, M., Aguiar, J.G., Santos, A.M.A., Mosquera, B., Carvalho, C., Bastista, Filho, M., Umisedo, N.K., 2006. Measurement of natural radioactivity in Brazilian beach sands. Radiat. Meas. 41, 189-196. Yalçın, M.G., 2009. Heavy mineral distribution as related to environmental conditions for modern beach sediments from the Susanoğlu (Atakent, Mersin, Turkey). Environ. Geo. 58: 119-129. Zare, M.R., Mostajaboddavati, M., Kamalı, M., Abdi, M.R., Mortazavi, M.S., 2012. 235U, 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations in marine sediments along the northern coast of Oman Sea using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2012, 64, 1956-1961.
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Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Filiz Gür

Mehmet Tarakçı

Publication Date May 16, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 16 Issue: 1/2

Cite

APA Gür, F., & Tarakçı, M. (2018). NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF THE COASTLINE OF ÇEŞME-İZMİR ABSTRACT. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(1/2), 167-186. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.424088